Prescription Drug Abuse - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Prescription Drug Abuse

…an invisible epidemic

MPH 500

By Cyrina Allen

February

24, 2014Slide2

Prescription Drug AbuseCurrently in the United States, is the fastest growing problem(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012)

Since 2007 there are more deaths of women annually from prescription drugs than from car accidents (CDC, 2013a)Men and women, teens and adults, and loved ones of the victims are affectedEvery ethnicity, race, and class are involved Slide3

Prescription drug abuse and women…The use among women is rising significantly in the U.S. and MontanaEven though more men suffer from overdose, more women die of prescription drug use (CDC, 2013d)

Thousands die yearly, 6,600 reported deaths in 2010 from prescription painkiller overdoses (CDC, 2013d)Slide4

Prescription drug abuse and women…Age Statistics

National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) (2011) reports most common age for prescription drug abuse is between 18 and 25Ages 25-54 are most likely to visit emergency room for prescription drug use (CDC, 2013a)

Ages 45-54 have highest incidences of overdose deaths (CDC, 2013a)Slide5

Prescription drug abuse and women…Increased emergency room visits means an increase in prescriptions written

In 2010 there were a reported 943,365 emergency room visits by women (CDC, 2013b) prescription painkillers are most common in overdoses (Montana Dept. of Justice, 2013b)Lortab and Vicodin are the most prescribed (Montana Dept. of Justice, 2013b)

“every 3 minutes, a woman goes to the emergency department for prescription painkiller misuse or abuse.”(CDC,2013d, para. 14) Slide6

Q: Why women?A: Suceptibility More women suffer from mental health issues such as anxiety, shame, and depression (The National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, 2014)

Women are more likely to suffer from chronic pain issues (CDC, 2013a)As primary caregivers women learn the medical system and are at risk for manipulating physicians and prescriptions (CDC, 2013a)Slide7

Prescription drug problem in Montana… more than 300 prescription deaths per year among Montanans, an “invisible epidemic” (Montana Dept. of Justice, 2013a)

352 deaths between January 2008 and August 2013 related to prescription drugs, heroin, or cocaine (Uken, 2013)2010 reports show that in Montana the rate of deaths among women were 5 times more than in 1999 (Uken, 2013)Slide8

The rise of prescription drug use…The National Survey on Drug Use and Health noted about 2.4 billion first-time users in 2010 (NIDA, 2011)½ of these first-timers were women

One-third were between the ages of 12 and 17Ethnicity rates as reported in 2012 by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration(SAMSHA)(2013) were12.7% American Indian, 9.2% White, 8.3% Hispanic, and Asians 3.7%

“more than 5 times as many women died from prescription painkiller overdoes in 2010 as in 1999 (CDC, 2013d, para.7) Slide9

The rise of prescription drug use…The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) (2011) noted that the total number of prescription drug abuse rose by 132% from 2004-2011The number of men using prescriptions for non-medical reasons grew by 265% between 1999 and 2011;the use by women grew by 400% in that same timeframe (CDC, 2013d)

In 2007-2008 31% of Americans reported using two or more prescription drugs where in1999-2000 the number was 25% (CDC, 2013c)Slide10

More trends in prescription drug useTripling in the last two decades-more than 15,000 overdose deaths (CDC, 2013c) 1 in 10 ratio of involvement with suicide (CDC, 2013d)

Emergency room visits doubled in the last 5 years (CDC, 2013e)$72.5 billion in medical costs for prescription drug abuse (CDC, 2013e)Slide11

Prescription drug abuse-” the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited

.” (NIDA, 2011)Addiction-a

chronic disease of the brain that requires reward and motivation, can be easily obtained in those who use prescription drugs (American Society of Addiction Medicine [ASAM], 2011)Slide12

Biological and Molecular characteristics of prescription drug abuse…

Prescription drug abuse becomes an addictionAddiction(ASAM, 2011)

(ASAM, 2011)Slide13

Biological and Molecular characteristics of prescription drug abuse…Addiction of prescription drugs affects several areas of the brain (ASAM, 2011)Direct neurological link between prescription drugs and the brain (ASAM, 2011)Neurotransmitters (chemical signals of brain) are affected by happiness and pleasure triggering the want for more (addiction) (ASAM, 2011)Slide14

Social and behavioral factors…the transtheoretical modelFocus on changing one’s behavior (Schneider, 2014)using 5 stages:

Precontemplation-subject discovers they have an addiction to prescription drugs but no change (UMBC, 2011)Contemplation-subject understands they need help but fearful of the process (Schneider, 2014)Preparation-a plan is made for change (UMBC, 2011)(Schneider, 2014)Action-subject will refrain from taking prescription drugs (Schneider, 2014)Maintenance-maintain clean behavior and prevent relapse (Schneider, 2014)Slide15

Social and behavioral factors…the ecological model of behavioral healthFocuses on the relationship of prescription drug abuse and the subjects social environment, 5 influences:Intrapersonal factors-relates to personality, behavior, and skills of the subject

(Schneider, 2014)Interpersonal relations-family, friends, and coworkers of the subject (Schneider, 2014)Institutional settings-workplace policies, drug-free zones, school campus rules and regulations (Schneider, 2014)Community-area surrounding subjects personal life, has great impact on subject (Schneider, 2014)Public policy- law and/or ordinances that affect the subject (Schneider, 2014) Slide16

Public health and Prescription drug abuse…in conclusion...Prescription drug abuse is a huge problem in Montana and the entire United StatesBiggest concern is the increasing numbers in womenStrategies and solutions are needed immediately to fix this public health issueSlide17

Thank you!Slide18

ReferencesAmerican Society of Addiction Medicine. (2011). Definition of addiction.

Retrieved February 2, 2014 from http://www.asam.org/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012) CDC grand rounds: Prescription drug overdoses — a U.S. epidemic. Retrieved February 23, 2014 from

http://www.cdc.gov/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013a). Deaths from prescription painkiller overdoses rise sharply among women. Retrieved January 19, 2014 from http://www.cdc.govCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013b). Morbidity and mortality weekly

report. Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers and other drugs among women — United States, 1999–2010. Retrieved February 23, 2014 from http://www.cdc.govCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013c). Prescription drug use continues

to

increase: U.S. prescription drug data for 2007-2008.

Retrieved on January

26

, 2014 from

http://www.cdc.gov/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013d).

Prescription painkiller

overdoses

.

Retrieved February 23, 2014 from

http://www.cdc.gov

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013e).

Saving lives and protecting

people

:

Preventing

prescription painkiller overdose.

Retrieved on January 26,

2014 from

http://www.cdc.gov

/

Drug Abuse Warning

Network.

(2009).

National estimates of drug-related emergency

department

visits: Nonmedical use of pharmaceuticals

. Retrieved January

26

, 2014 from

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/DAWN.aspx

Montana Department of Justice. (2013a).

Invisible epidemic

. Retrieved January 19,

2014

from

https://

doj.mt.govSlide19

References cont.Montana Department of Justice. (2013b). Percs, oxys

& sprinkles. Retrieved January 19, 2014 from https://doj.mt.govNational Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence. (2014) Women and Drugs. Retrieved February 23, 2014 from http://www.ncadd.org/National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2011). What is prescription drug abuse? Retrieved February 23, 2014 from http://www.drugabuse.gov/

Schneider, M.J. (2014) Introduction to Public Health. How psychological factors affect health behaviors. (pp. 221-236). Burlington, MA. Jones & Bartlett Learning.Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2013b). Results from the 2012 national survey on drug use and health: Summary of national findings. Retrieved February 23, 2014 from http://www.samhsa.gov/Uken, C. (2013, December 29). Death rates soar among women using prescription drugs

. Billings Gazette. Retrieved January 19, 2014 from http://billingsgazette.comUniversity of Maryland Baltimore County (2011) The transtheorethical model of behavior change. Retrieved February 9, 2014 from http://www.umbc.edu/