Christopher Gade Office 1031G Office hours Tu 12130 and by apt Email gadecjgmailcom Class T 130420 Room 2210 Sorting Task In a group of 2 to 3 categorize the terms below as being more likely linked to males or females ID: 776119
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Psych 125Human DevelopmentChristopher GadeOffice: 1031-GOffice hours: Tu 12-1:30 and by apt.Email: gadecj@gmail.comClass: T 1:30-4:20 Room 2210
Slide2Sorting Task
In a group of 2 to 3, categorize the terms below as being more likely linked to males or females
Sweet Trucks Cosmetologist Golf Caring Rough Emotional Suit Strong Babysitter Electrician Wrestling Dolls Firefighter Designer
Slide3What This Relates To & Today’s Topic
Gender – the characterization of people as females or males
Gender identity – an internal sense of one’s gender
Gender role – cognitive, behavioral, and emotional expectations placed on members of a gender
Gender typing – a set of roles or concepts applied to a specific gender
When studying gender and development, psychologists are interested in when these gender related concepts develop
Note: psychologists often don’t examine if these gender concepts are appropriate or necessary, instead they focus on how, when, and why they develop
Slide4Looking at The Development of Gender Recognition
By the age of 2, and possibly even before, children display recognition of their gender identity and the ability to differentiate between gender roes and typing... But how?
Slide5Biological Influences of Gender
Hormones – chemicals released by the body in order to influence physiology and behavior
Estrogens – produced in greater concentration by females
M
enstrual cycles and female sex characteristics
Androgens – produced in greater concentrations by males
P
roduced in the testes
Masculine secondary sex characteristics and male genitalia
Numerous studies have linked the presence of hormones to gender-linked identities, roles, and typing
Hyde’s testosterone and aggressive behavior findings
Links between hormone increases and gender-specific behaviors during puberty
Rare birth defect cases
Androgen-insensitive males
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
Slide6Social Influences on Gender
Parental treatment differencesCultural normative differencesSame-sex socializationSchema development findingsSchemas – cognitive concepts that organize and direct thought and behavior
Slide7Where We See Differences
Current studies have shown differences in:Visuospatial & science skillsVerbal skillsEmotional skills (empathy)Aggressive tendenciesHelping focusMate selection and jealousyHOWEVER, most of these differences are very small, and often, most of them can/could be explained through social learningScholastic ability over time example
Slide8Please list, in order of importance, the qualities that you look for in someone that you would want to date
Intelligence
Attractiveness
Creativity
Humor
Friendliness
Spontaneity
Care Giving
Honesty
Wealth
Orderliness
Adventurousness
Style
Slide9The Choice for Men
Person A is extraordinarily good looking. They work at a small restaurant and have no ambition to do anything more.
Person B is average looking. They patented an invention and sold it for a fortune. They were recently accepted to a prestigious medical school, and is said to have an outstanding career ahead as a medical researcher.
Slide10Slide11The Choice for Women
Person A is extraordinarily good looking. They work at a small restaurant and have no ambition to do anything more.
Person B is average looking. They patented an invention and sold it for a fortune. They were recently accepted to a prestigious medical school, and is said to have an outstanding career ahead as a medical researcher.
Slide12Who did you choose?
A or B
Slide13Gender Development Across the Lifespan
Childhood
Gender separation begins at a young age
Males tend to be punished more for gender deviant behavior (at least in our culture)
Adolescence
Gender intensification hypothesis – gender roles and gender-specific behaviors become a greater source of focus during puberty
Adulthood
Research indicates a shift toward more female-related behaviors and activity in males during late adulthood
Females often do not shift their levels in these studies
Slide14A Key Component of Gender: Sex
E
ven though we often link gender to sex, gender role differences tend to be much more prominent than sexual differences
Sexual activity differences
Sexual frequency
Masturbation
Homosexual activities differences (Michael, 1994) (within the past year)
2.7% of males
1.3% of females
Note: culture seems to play a much more prominent role in sexual activity and focus than gender
Sexual scripts
Slide15How Do We Develop Sexually?: Freud’s View
Sigmund Freud was of the first psychologists to attempt to examine and explain sexual developmentLibido (psychosexual energy) was the impetus behind our sexual activity and desiresThis libido existed throughout life, in different forms throughout development
Anal Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder stinginess
(18-36 months) elimination; coping with demands for control strict orderliness
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Stage Focus Fixation
Oral Pleasure centers on the mouth-- smoking,
(0-18 months) sucking, biting, chewing overeating
Phallic Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with penis envy
(3-6 years) incestuous sexual feelings castration fear
Latency Dormant sexual feelings
(6 to puberty)
Genital Maturation of sexual interests
(puberty on)
Slide16A More Scientific and Current Set of Findings
Childhood
Sex play and exploration of sex related differences appear to be a focus in most children
Adolescence
An increase in sexual focuses thoughts often occurs
Sexual exploration/experimentation also are common
Sexual activity levels are highly related to social and cultural norms
Homosexual behavior and interests sometimes emerge at this time, but some individuals display heterosexual interests at this age and develop homosexual interests later (and vice versa)
Males tend to be more focused on sex at this age, and they tend to derive more pleasure from sexual encounters
Slide17A Note on Sexual Activity in the US
Despite there being dramatic differences in sexual activity effects/causes across cultures, in the US, individuals who engage in early sexual activity are often linked to a number of other factorsLower SESLess parental/peer supportLower academic performanceHigher rates of drug use and destructive behaviors
Slide18Sex in Adulthood
In early adulthood, sexual activity does increase, but not as much as we often perceiveSexual partnersSexual frequencyNote: this is true for most, but not all peopleIn middle adulthoodFemales – menopauseMales – decreased sexual drive and functionalityIn late adulthoodSexual activity declines for everyoneRecent contradictory findings with STD’s and the elderly
Slide19Slide20A Reexamination of Sex and Gender Through A Different Lens
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWGRi99cVHo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHp3sHkE1bc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AoYo9Syc8g4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jaPsiGutGPQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEjgUt9u39U
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Xq8fFtAzR8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmKAnpF0zS4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1o_hXcHWAI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LC5UTozpa4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qb_sPmd6DnE