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 Psych  125 Human Development  Psych  125 Human Development

Psych 125 Human Development - PowerPoint Presentation

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Psych 125 Human Development - PPT Presentation

Christopher Gade Office 1031G Office hours Tu 12130 and by apt Email gadecjgmailcom Class T 130420 Room 2210 Sorting Task In a group of 2 to 3 categorize the terms below as being more likely linked to males or females ID: 776119

gender sexual youtube sex gender sexual youtube sex activity http www watch differences males behavior development females focus develop

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Slide1

Psych 125Human DevelopmentChristopher GadeOffice: 1031-GOffice hours: Tu 12-1:30 and by apt.Email: gadecj@gmail.comClass: T 1:30-4:20 Room 2210

Slide2

Sorting Task

In a group of 2 to 3, categorize the terms below as being more likely linked to males or females

Sweet Trucks Cosmetologist Golf Caring Rough Emotional Suit Strong Babysitter Electrician Wrestling Dolls Firefighter Designer

Slide3

What This Relates To & Today’s Topic

Gender – the characterization of people as females or males

Gender identity – an internal sense of one’s gender

Gender role – cognitive, behavioral, and emotional expectations placed on members of a gender

Gender typing – a set of roles or concepts applied to a specific gender

When studying gender and development, psychologists are interested in when these gender related concepts develop

Note: psychologists often don’t examine if these gender concepts are appropriate or necessary, instead they focus on how, when, and why they develop

Slide4

Looking at The Development of Gender Recognition

By the age of 2, and possibly even before, children display recognition of their gender identity and the ability to differentiate between gender roes and typing... But how?

Slide5

Biological Influences of Gender

Hormones – chemicals released by the body in order to influence physiology and behavior

Estrogens – produced in greater concentration by females

M

enstrual cycles and female sex characteristics

Androgens – produced in greater concentrations by males

P

roduced in the testes

Masculine secondary sex characteristics and male genitalia

Numerous studies have linked the presence of hormones to gender-linked identities, roles, and typing

Hyde’s testosterone and aggressive behavior findings

Links between hormone increases and gender-specific behaviors during puberty

Rare birth defect cases

Androgen-insensitive males

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Slide6

Social Influences on Gender

Parental treatment differencesCultural normative differencesSame-sex socializationSchema development findingsSchemas – cognitive concepts that organize and direct thought and behavior

Slide7

Where We See Differences

Current studies have shown differences in:Visuospatial & science skillsVerbal skillsEmotional skills (empathy)Aggressive tendenciesHelping focusMate selection and jealousyHOWEVER, most of these differences are very small, and often, most of them can/could be explained through social learningScholastic ability over time example

Slide8

Please list, in order of importance, the qualities that you look for in someone that you would want to date

Intelligence

Attractiveness

Creativity

Humor

Friendliness

Spontaneity

Care Giving

Honesty

Wealth

Orderliness

Adventurousness

Style

Slide9

The Choice for Men

Person A is extraordinarily good looking. They work at a small restaurant and have no ambition to do anything more.

Person B is average looking. They patented an invention and sold it for a fortune. They were recently accepted to a prestigious medical school, and is said to have an outstanding career ahead as a medical researcher.

Slide10

Slide11

The Choice for Women

Person A is extraordinarily good looking. They work at a small restaurant and have no ambition to do anything more.

Person B is average looking. They patented an invention and sold it for a fortune. They were recently accepted to a prestigious medical school, and is said to have an outstanding career ahead as a medical researcher.

Slide12

Who did you choose?

A or B

Slide13

Gender Development Across the Lifespan

Childhood

Gender separation begins at a young age

Males tend to be punished more for gender deviant behavior (at least in our culture)

Adolescence

Gender intensification hypothesis – gender roles and gender-specific behaviors become a greater source of focus during puberty

Adulthood

Research indicates a shift toward more female-related behaviors and activity in males during late adulthood

Females often do not shift their levels in these studies

Slide14

A Key Component of Gender: Sex

E

ven though we often link gender to sex, gender role differences tend to be much more prominent than sexual differences

Sexual activity differences

Sexual frequency

Masturbation

Homosexual activities differences (Michael, 1994) (within the past year)

2.7% of males

1.3% of females

Note: culture seems to play a much more prominent role in sexual activity and focus than gender

Sexual scripts

Slide15

How Do We Develop Sexually?: Freud’s View

Sigmund Freud was of the first psychologists to attempt to examine and explain sexual developmentLibido (psychosexual energy) was the impetus behind our sexual activity and desiresThis libido existed throughout life, in different forms throughout development

Anal Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder stinginess

(18-36 months) elimination; coping with demands for control strict orderliness

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages

Stage Focus Fixation

Oral Pleasure centers on the mouth-- smoking,

(0-18 months) sucking, biting, chewing overeating

Phallic Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with penis envy

(3-6 years) incestuous sexual feelings castration fear

Latency Dormant sexual feelings

(6 to puberty)

Genital Maturation of sexual interests

(puberty on)

Slide16

A More Scientific and Current Set of Findings

Childhood

Sex play and exploration of sex related differences appear to be a focus in most children

Adolescence

An increase in sexual focuses thoughts often occurs

Sexual exploration/experimentation also are common

Sexual activity levels are highly related to social and cultural norms

Homosexual behavior and interests sometimes emerge at this time, but some individuals display heterosexual interests at this age and develop homosexual interests later (and vice versa)

Males tend to be more focused on sex at this age, and they tend to derive more pleasure from sexual encounters

Slide17

A Note on Sexual Activity in the US

Despite there being dramatic differences in sexual activity effects/causes across cultures, in the US, individuals who engage in early sexual activity are often linked to a number of other factorsLower SESLess parental/peer supportLower academic performanceHigher rates of drug use and destructive behaviors

Slide18

Sex in Adulthood

In early adulthood, sexual activity does increase, but not as much as we often perceiveSexual partnersSexual frequencyNote: this is true for most, but not all peopleIn middle adulthoodFemales – menopauseMales – decreased sexual drive and functionalityIn late adulthoodSexual activity declines for everyoneRecent contradictory findings with STD’s and the elderly

Slide19

Slide20

A Reexamination of Sex and Gender Through A Different Lens

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWGRi99cVHo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHp3sHkE1bc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AoYo9Syc8g4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jaPsiGutGPQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEjgUt9u39U

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Xq8fFtAzR8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmKAnpF0zS4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1o_hXcHWAI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LC5UTozpa4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qb_sPmd6DnE