PPT-Volcanic Eruptions as an Analog for Stratospheric Geoengineering

robockenvscirutgersedu httpenvscirutgersedurobock Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey Desire for improved wellbeing Consumption of goods and services. The volcanic aerosol cloud forms in several weeks by the conversion of sulfur dioxide SO to sulfate aerosol and its subsequent microphysical transfor mations The resulting cloud of sulfate aerosol particles with a residence time of a couple of years Chapter 9 . Section 1. Volcanic Eruptions. Volcanoes – areas of Earth’s surface through which magma and volcanic gases pass. In seconds a volcanic eruption can turn an entire mountain into a cloud of ash and rock. Editing of Special Issue of . Risk Analysis. on Nanotechnology Risk Perceptions (with . Harthorn. & Satterfield). Exploring relevance of CNS work on ‘upstream’ risk perceptions for the issue of climate geoengineering . Intercomparison. Project (. GeoMIP. ). Giovanni . Pitari. . V. Aquila, . S. . Tilmes. , . I. . Cionni. , N. De Luca, Di . Genova. , and D. . Iachetti. Participating Models. Source of . geoengineering. Impacts on the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Initiation of the Little Ice Age. . Alan . Robock and . Joanna Slawinska . (robock@envsci.rutgers.edu), Dept. . Environmental Sciences. , Rutgers University. Chapter 9 . Section 1. Volcanic Eruptions. During an eruption . magma. is forced to the Earth’s surface. Magma. – molten rock below the Earth’s surface. Lava – magma that . flows. on the Earth’s surface. Describe how the locations of volcanoes are related to plate tectonics.. Suggest why volcanoes are found at convergent and divergent plate boundaries.. Describe how . intraplate. volcanoes form.. Volcanic activity takes place primarily at . How and why do volcanoes erupt?. Hot, molten rock (magma) is buoyant (has a lower density than the surrounding rocks) and will rise up through the crust to erupt on the surface.. When . magma reaches the surface it depends on how easily it flows (viscosity) and the amount of gas (H. contributions . to the decadal . variations of stratospheric aerosol. Mian Chin. , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Plus:. Thomas . Diehl, . Qian. Tan, . Huisheng. . Bian. , John Burrows, . Nickolay. What is a volcano?. A volcano is a vent or 'chimney' that connects molten rock (magma) from within the Earth. ’. s crust to the Earth's surface. . The volcano includes the surrounding cone of erupted material. . Learning . Targets. Compare the types of volcanic eruptions. Describe a method for predicting volcanic eruptions. Volcanic Eruption. Magma collects in . magma chamber. Hot magma . expands. .  creates . Section 2: . Eruptions. K. What I Know. W. What I Want to Find Out. L. What I Learned. Essential Questions. How does magma type influence volcanic activity?. What is the role of pressure and dissolved gases in eruptions?. Maga. chamber pipe vent. Lavaflow. crater extinct. Pyroclastic flow dormant geyser. What is a Volcano?. A volcano is usually a cone shaped mountain or hill that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth.. Társilo. Girona. Science . Questions: . One of the . most . enigmatic . volcanic signals . is shallow . tremor. , a highly-periodic ground vibration that is . long-lasting . (from minutes to years.