Bacillus anthracis and its activity in Anthrax Lance Morrison General anthrax info Identified in 1800s Mostly effected livestock transmit to humans Showed to be related to B anthracis in 1876 Robert Koch ID: 768576
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Bacillus anthracis" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Bacillus anthracis and its activity in Anthrax Lance Morrison
General anthrax info Identified in 1800sMostly effected livestock (transmit to humans)Showed to be related to B. anthracis in 1876 (Robert Koch) First effective vaccine 1881 (Louis Pasteur) Present day, much less common, isolated outbreaks
Anthrax (cont.) Infect by inhalation, ingestion, contact with open skin wound (cutaneous)In humans, cutaneous is most commonBioweapon via inhalation
Bacillus anthracis Rod shape, Gram-positive bacteriaForms endosporesCan synthesize a protein capsule Synthesizes three important proteins: Edema Factor Lethal Factor Protective Antigen
Endospores Created through cell divisionDormant, resilient form
Endospores Survive for extended periods in soil150-250 y.o. spores (de Vos , 1990) Can be reactivated by change in environment Nutrient rich = survival, replication
Protein Capsule Avoid immune responsesVery unsure of full role
Bacillus anthracis Genetics 1 chromosome, 2 Plasmids (pXO1, pXO2)pXO1 – Edema Factor, Lethal Factor, Protective antigen pXO2 – Protein Capsule ( polyglutamate )
pXO1 – Okinaka et al. Purify plasmid from pXO1+, pXO2 - strain Shotgun sequencing method GeneMark software
LF, EF, PA Protective antigen binds to copies of itselfComplex binds to lethal factor and edema factorLethal Toxin, Edema Toxin
Vaccines Pasteur – 1881, Weakened Cell vaccine Sterne – 1935, Attenuated Cell vaccineAnthrax Vaccine Adsorbed – 1970,
Works Cited Bravata DM, Holty JE, Liu H, McDonald KM, Olshen RA, Owens DK (February 2006). "Systematic review: a century of inhalational anthrax cases from 1900 to 2005". Ann Intern Med 144 (4): 270–80 d e Vos V (1990). “The ecology of anthrax in the Kruger national Park, South Africa. Salisbury Medical Bulletin”. 68S:19–23. Okinaka , R.T., et al. “Sequence and organization of pXO1, the large Bacillus anthracis plasmid harboring the anthrax toxin genes”. J. Bacteriol . October 1999 vol. 181 no. 20 6509-6515 Pimental RA, Christensen KA, Krantz BA, Collier RJ (September 2004). "Anthrax toxin complexes: heptameric protective antigen can bind lethal factor and edema factor simultaneously". Biochem Biophys Res Commun 322 (1): 258–62 . Uchida, I., T. Sekizaki , K. Hashimoto, and N. Terakado . 1985. “Association of the encapsulation of Bacillus anthracis with a 60 megadalton plasmid”. J. Gen. Microbiol . 131:363–367 . The World Health Organization. <http :// www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/anthrax_webs.pdf>