PPT-Chapter 4: Inductive Arguments

This chapter will cover The use of statistical evidence in arguments The reporting of statistical data The use of causal generalizations Inductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning Evidence offers strong support beyond a reasonable doubt. It’s Logical. What is Logic?. Logic. – The science of correct reasoning.. Reasoning. . – The drawing of inferences or conclusions from known or assumed facts. .. There are two main types of reasoning:. 1. Critical Thinking. Chapter 11. Inductive Reasoning. 2. Introduction. Inductive Argument. : an argument in which the premises are intended to provide support, but not conclusive evidence, for the conclusion. . A Framework for Audience Analysis. Background. Logic has been a formal academic discipline for almost 2,500 years. The 4th century B.C.E. Greek philosopher Aristotle first systematized formal logic, and university logic courses teach Aristotelian logic to this day. For much of western history, logic was one of the main branches of schooling (the classical curriculum consisted of grammar, logic and rhetoric). With the growth of more specialized disciplines and wider curricula in the 20th century, formal logic got lost in the shuffle. In its place, philosophers began formulating courses in what we now call critical thinking, or informal logic. Formal rules and the reduction of sentences to things like. Lecture Outline. Inductive Reasoning. Generalizations. Cause and Effect. Analogy. Deductive Reasoning. Syllogism. Enthymeme. Inductive Reasoning. Inductive Reasoning: Review. The process of citing a number of specific examples or . Revisiting the . Toulmin. Model and its Greek Predecessors. The Core Concepts. To detect errors in argumentation…. Ask probing questions that politely but relentlessly demand…. . Logical Consistency. Deconstructing Information. Argument Structure. Review of homework reading: . Proposition. Premises. Conclusion. Inference. Conclusion Indicators and Conjunctives (indicate argument structure and composition. Inductive Reasoning . When you use a pattern to find the next term in a sequence you’re using . inductive reasoning.. The conclusion you’ve made about the next terms in the pattern are called a . Chapter Summary. Mathematical Induction. Strong Induction. Well-Ordering. Recursive Definitions. Structural Induction. Recursive Algorithms. Mathematical Induction. Section 5.1. Section Summary. Mathematical Induction. An Introduction to. Inductive Arguments. Chapter 9. Induction is the basis for our commonsense beliefs about the world. . In the most general sense, . inductive reasoning. , is that in which we extrapolate from experiences to what we have not yet experiences. . To form conjectures through inductive reasoning. To disprove a conjecture with a counterexample. To avoid fallacies of inductive reasoning. Example 1. You’re at school eating lunch. You ingest some air while eating, which causes you to belch. Afterward, you notice a number of students staring at you with disgust. You burp again, and looks of distaste greet your natural bodily function. You have similar experiences over the course of the next couple of days. Finally, you conclude that belching in public is socially unacceptable. The process that lead you to this conclusion is called. ANALYZING ARGUMENTS. Arguments can be analyzed, once recognized, by paraphrasing them or by . diagramming them. . . Paraphrasing . involves setting forth the argument in a clear and precise form. . Excercises. CT 101. Dr. Bowman. Deductive argument. A . deductive argument.  is an argument that is intended by the arguer to be deductively valid, that is, to provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion provided that the argument's premises are true. . Who stole Ms Choudhury’s stapler? It was last seen an hour ago in 1321. Was it Mr Smith? He always loses stationary and is a few doors apart . Was it Ms Cook ? Her long stapler is so heavy , Ms Choudhury’s Stapler is the right weight to staple exam papers!. Tewoderos. . Ayele. University of Utah. Inductive Effect. Eric . Anslyn. and Dennis Dougherty, . Modern Physical Organic Chemistry. , University Science Books; pp 15-18. Overview:. An inductive effect occurs when the electrons shared between two atoms or groups of different .