Independent amp Dependent and Lets start with a simple sentence I bought a book This sentence has the three basic elements required of either a simple sentence or a clause S ubject ID: 570184
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Slide1
Clause Types
Independent & Dependent … and … Slide2
Let’s start with a simple sentence…
I bought a book.
This sentence has the three basic elements required of either a simple sentence or a clause:
S
ubject =
I
V
erb =
bought
O
bject =
a bookSlide3
While my mother drank her coffee,
I bought a book.
Now, let’s add another clause …
While my mother drank her coffee
,
I bought a book
.
Now we have a two clause sentence, but these clauses are not the same.
The original clause I bought a book can stand on its own as a simple sentence. It expresses a complete thought by itself. Therefore, it is called an independent clause. Slide4
An
independent clause
is a
S
+
V /
O bject or C omplement or A dverbial unit that expresses a complete thought and could stand on its own as a simple sentence.
Whether you find an independent clause by itself as a simple sentence or joined with other clauses, you will be able to identify it because it:
is a S+V/ unit thatexpresses a complete thought
Independent Clause (IC)Slide5
But what about the other clause?
While my mother drank her coffee
,
I bought a book.
If we only consider the first clause,
while my mother drank her coffee
, we are left with a question in our minds,
“
What happened while your mother drank her coffee?!” This clause can not stand on its own as a simple sentence. It requires another clause to a complete its meaning. Therefore, it is called an dependent clause. Slide6
A
dependent clause
is a
S
+
V /
O bject or C omplement or A dverbial
unit that
does not
express a complete thought and can not stand on its own as a simple sentence. A dependent clause must always be connected to an independent clause. You will be able to identify it because it:is a S+V/ unit thatdoes not express a complete thought on its own
Dependent Clause (DC)Slide7
Dependent Clauses
There are
3
different types of dependent clauses.
Noun Clause
(NC)
Adjective Clause (AdjC)
Adverb Clause (AdvC)Slide8
Noun Clause (
NC
)
[S+V/]
that acts like a noun
Example: I think [you are sick].
I
think [you are sick].
S
V
O
Objects are nouns; this entire clause acts like a singular noun, so it is a noun clause.
NC
s usually follow verbs as objects or complements
“Answers” the question “What?”
Example:
Q: What do you think?
A: I think
Spiderman is the best superhero
. Slide9
Noun Clause (
NC
)
-- continued
NC
s can begin with “that”
“that” is a subordinating conjunction that joins it to an IC makes the clause it begins depend on the IC to complete its meaning.
“that” is often omitted by native speakers: Example:
I think
that Spiderman is the best superhero
.
I think
Spiderman is the best superhero
.Slide10
Adjective Clause (
AdjC
)
[S+V/]
that acts like an adjective
Example
: The story [that I am reading] is sad.
SV
This entire clause acts like an adjective, so it is an adjective clause.
AdjCs follow nouns Often start with relative pronouns but the relative pronoun can be omitted if the clause has another noun to serve as
the subject
EX: The story [
I
am reading
]is sad.
relative pronoun
[
that
I
am reading
]Slide11
Adverb Clause (
AdvC
)
[S+V/]
that acts like an adverb
Example
: [
After we drove to the mall] , we looked for a bookstore.
This clause gives information about how or why the action happened, so it acts like an adverb.
AdvC
s always begin with a
subordinating conjunction after although as because before even though if since unless until when