group of words that contains a subject and a verb EXAMPLE Some students work in the homeless shelter because they care about helping others This sentence has two clauses each with a subject and a verb ID: 472567
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Slide1
Clause:
group of words that contains a subject and a verb.
EXAMPLE:
Some
students
work
in the homeless
shelter
because
they
care
about helping others.
This sentence has two clauses, each with a subject and a verb.Slide2
Independent Clause:
expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
EXAMPLE
Some
students
work
in the homeless shelter.
This clause can stand alone in a simple sentence, so it is independent!
Slide3
Simple Sentence:
contains one independent clause and no dependent clauses.
EXAMPLES
Shawn tutors.
Benita teaches young children acrobatics after school.Slide4
Compound Sentence:
contains two or more independent clauses and no dependent clauses.
EXAMPLES
Shawn tutors, and he helps students learn math.
Some children have no toys; volunteers can collect toys for them.Slide5
PUNCTUATION
The only two ways to join independent clauses to form a compound sentence are the following:
Use a semicolon:
The Giver
is a popular novel; I can’t wait to read it.
Use a comma and conjunction:
The Giver
is a popular novel, and I can’t wait to read it.
Coordinate Conjunctions:
FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)Slide6
What’s Wrong?
I will either buy a Honda Civic or I will buy a Toyota Corolla.
We got to the concert early; so we got really good seats.
Malls are a great way to shop, I find everything I need under one roof.Slide7
What’s Wrong?
I will either buy a Honda Civic
,
or I will buy a Toyota Corolla.
We got to the concert early
;
so we got really good seats.
Malls are a great way to shop
,
I find everything I need under one roof.Slide8
Copy and punctuate the following compound sentences:
Mark was always late for period 1 it made his teacher furious.
I want to play in Friday’s game but I am failing two classes.
The are many movies made about World War II
Saving Private Ryan
is the best.
HW1:
Write a compound sentence for every conjunction in the FANBOYS acronym.Slide9
Common mistake:
don’t mistake a simple sentence with a compound predicate for a compound sentence. No punctuation should separate the parts of a compound predicate.
EXAMPLE
WRONG:
The Newcomers’ Club wrote a clever script, and then filmed it.
CORRECT:
The Newcomers’ Club wrote a clever script and then filmed it.
Slide10
Punctuation? Add if necessary
Greg shoveled the snow and his brother began a snow sculpture.
2. The boat nosed up to the dock our trip was finally over.
3. Tom and Gail quickly cut and stacked the firewood.
4. Several people listened but nobody volunteered.
5.
Sheila
calls it a
dragonfly
I call it a darning needle
.
6. Did you and Lee walk or ride to your dance class?
7. Gina and Dave picked the
wildflowers
and we arranged them.
8. The clown made a
face
the child burst into laughter. Slide11
Punctuation? Add if necessary
Greg shoveled the snow
,
and his brother began a snow sculpture.
2. The boat nosed up to the dock
;
our trip was finally over.
3. Tom and Gail quickly cut and stacked the firewood.
4. Several people listened
,
but nobody volunteered.
5.
Sheila
calls it a
dragonfly
;
I call it a darning needle
.
6. Did you and Lee walk or ride to your dance class?
7. Gina and Dave picked the
wildflowers
,
and we arranged them.
8. The clown made a
face
;
the child burst into laughter. Slide12
Punctuation? Add if necessary.
9. Her
mother went to the trade
show
but Doreen stayed home.
10. Wang and his brother looked at the problem and spotted the solution.
11. Mrs.
Ballak
may be in
court or she
may be in her office.
12. Snow
fell
winter was now upon us
.
13. Kathy phoned this
morning
but our phone was out of order.
14. The radio crackled with static and then went out.
15
. We could play a video
game
or we could go to Jim’s house.
16. Lou has been baking
bread
and Connie is making a big salad
.Slide13
Punctuation? Add if necessary.
9. Her
mother went to the trade
show
,
but Doreen stayed home.
10. Wang and his brother looked at the problem and spotted the solution.
11. Mrs.
Ballak
may be in
court
,
or she
may be in her office.
12. Snow
fell
;
winter was now upon us
.
13. Kathy phoned this
morning
,
but our phone was out of order.
14. The radio crackled with static and then went out.
15
. We could play a video
game
,
or we could go to Jim’s house.
16. Lou has been baking
bread
,
and Connie is making a big salad
.Slide14
Skills Check: Write 3 sentences and punctuate. Identify type: S or CD
1. Robins either find worms in the grass or the birds dig for them underground.
2. I love the fall weather the cooler air is refreshing.
3. I left my book bag on the field after practice and found it in the same spot the day after.Slide15
Homework 2:
Write four simple sentence that includes each of the following conjunctions: and, but
Ex: I tried out for the basketball team but didn’t make it.
Homework 3:
W
rite
2 compound
sentences.
Write 2
simple sentences with compound predicates.Slide16
HW4: Simple or compound sentences
?
1. I would go with you but I am tired and just want to go to bed._____
2. He listened in class but he didn't take part in class discussions. _____
3. My mom sets the alarm and wakes me in the morning. _____
4. My family owned a farm and they used to raise livestock._____
5. The horse trotted and soon broke into a gallop. _____
6. A beard covered his face and his eyes were bloodshot. _____
7. I caught a tiny trout and we had it for supper. _____
8. She didn't like me she even said so.
_____Slide17
HW 4:Simple or compound sentences
?
1. I would go with you but I am tired and just want to go to bed.
compound
2. He listened in class but he didn't take part in class discussions.
compound
3. My mom sets the alarm and wakes me in the morning.
simple
4. My family owned a farm and they used to raise livestock.
c
ompound
5. The horse trotted and soon broke into a gallop.
simple
6. A beard covered his face and his eyes were bloodshot.
simple
7
. I caught a tiny trout and we had it for supper
.
compound
8. She didn't like me she even said so.
compoundSlide18
HW 4:Simple or compound sentences
?
9. The
band played all night long and the crowd cheered even longer
._____
10. The
wolf pack stalked and killed an injured elk._____
11. My
dad drives me to school and he also picks me up at three. _____
12.The
moon was full last night and there were many stars out too. _____
13. Mexico
is a great place to vacation and I can’t wait to go there. _____
14. Mexico
is a great place to snorkel and
see
Mayan
ruins. _____
15.
I
ate
a huge piece of pie and drank a tall glass of milk too. _____Slide19
HW4: Simple or compound sentences
?
9
. The
band played all night long and the crowd cheered even longer
.
compound
10.The
wolf pack stalked and killed an injured elk
.
simple
11. My
dad drives me to school and he also picks me up at three.
compound
12. The
moon was full last night and there were many stars out too
.
compound
13.
Mexico is a great place to vacation and I can’t wait to go there.
compound
14.
Mexico is a great place to snorkel and see
Mayan
ruins.
simple
I ate
a huge piece of pie and drank a tall glass of milk too.
simpleSlide20
Clause or not a clause?
I fell asleep early
Wandered through the woods aimlessly
My aunt from Texas loves Philly cheesesteaks
Enjoys a long, hot soak in the tub
Maybe I will see you over the weekend
Played games and ate lots of pizza
The bird on my lawn is looking for worms.
Fell down an entire flight of stairs.
The guitar had a strange sound.Slide21
Clause or not a clause?
The window was cracked by a stray
baseball.
Clause
Searched for any survivors of the
wreck.
Not a clause
Came out of
nowhere.
Not a clause.
Returned home after a horrible night
.
Not a clause
Three young men were observed trying to break into cars
.
Clause
Sounded like a dying animal in the woods.
Not a clause
Never returned from her Alaskan adventure.
Not a clause
The captain refused to turn the ship around in the storm.
ClauseSlide22
Simple or Compound?
I fell asleep early but woke up at 3:00 a.m.
S
imple
The deer wandered through the woods and the hunter followed her.
Compound (add a comma)
My aunt from Texas loves Philly cheesesteaks and she also enjoys soft pretzels.
Compound (add a comma)
My mom gets tired from work and often enjoys a long, hot soak in the tub at night.
Simple
Maybe I will see you over the weekend and we can hang out.
Compound (add a comma)
My friends and I played games and ate lots of pizza
SimpleSlide23
Simple or Compound?
The bird on my lawn is looking for worms but can’t find any
.
Simple
The window was cracked by a stray baseball and Dad is really angry
.
Compound (add a comma)
The
rescue team searched for any survivors of the wreck and sadly found none
.
Simple
Her anger came out of nowhere and I didn’t know what to say
.
Compound (add a comma)
The
tired family returned home after a horrible night so they could get some sleep
.
Compound (add a comma
)
Three young men were observed trying to break into cars and ran after hearing the sirens.
SimpleSlide24
Simple or Compound?
The young woman set off on her own and never returned from her Alaskan adventure.
Simple
The captain refused to turn the ship around in the storm and his crew revolted.
Compound (add a comma)
My little sister tripped and fell down an entire flight of stairs.
Simple
Three men were observed trying to break into cars but were caught by the police shortly after.
Simple
The guitar had a strange sound yet I was very fond of it.
Compound (add a comma)
We returned home after a horrible night and immediately went to bed.
SimpleSlide25
Dependent Clause:
does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone in a sentence. (also known as subordinate clause)
EXAMPLE
…because
they
care
about helping people.
A dependent clause must be joined to an independent
clause or it is a fragment.
Slide26
Dependent clause starts with a subordinate conjunction.
Subordinate: lower in rank or position.
Therefore, they cannot stand alone! They are subordinate to independent clauses like a…
Employee to his boss
Child to his parent
Soldier to his commanderSlide27
Subordinate Conjunctions (copy in writing section)
a
fter
before
once
although
as
as if
as long as
as though
because
still
even if
even though
if
if only
in order to
now that
rather than
since
so that
than
that
unless
until
when
whenever
where
whereas
wherever
while Slide28
Independent or Dependent?
Although
it was raining
, Maria went for a jog at
the park.
Brianna
eats chocolate
whenever she gets a poor grade in math
.
After
the
flood waters retreated
,
the family moved into a temporary shelter.
While
walking
in the woods,
John saw a raccoon eating potato chips
.
Students
who play an instrument
do better on math tests.
When
you finish your homework
, please take the dog for a walk.
After
Juan completed the assignment,
he swam laps at the gym.
Before
he completed the assignment
, Evan decided to eat a quick lunch. Slide29
Independent or Dependent?
Although
it was raining
, Maria went for a jog at
the park.
D
Brianna
eats chocolate
whenever she gets a poor grade in math
.
D
After
the
flood waters retreated
,
the family moved into a temporary shelter.
D
While
walking
in the woods,
John saw a raccoon eating potato chips
.
I
Students
who play an instrument
do better on math tests.
I
When
you finish your homework
, please take the dog for a walk.
D
After
Juan completed the assignment,
he swam laps at the gym.
D
Before
he completed the assignment
, Evan decided to eat a quick lunch.
DSlide30
Independent or Dependent?
Juan continued playing
although he injured his
knee.
I
thought
that the offer was too good to be
true.
While
I was scrubbing the floors
, Juliet was watching
television.
Although she was tired
and grumpy
, Laura agreed to babysit for her sister-in-law
.
My friend has been visiting
since the winter break started.
As she was driving
home from spring break
, Maria saw a tornado touch
down.
People
who drink and drive
should be
arrested
.
Ever
since my daughter purchased a ferret
, I have noticed
an unpleasant smell in the house.
If I cannot make it to the dance,
I will give away my tickets
.Slide31
Independent or Dependent?
Juan continued playing
although he injured his
knee.
I
I
thought
that the offer was too good to be
true.
I
While
I was scrubbing the floors
, Juliet was watching
television.
D
Although she was tired
and grumpy
, Laura agreed to babysit for her sister-in-law
.
D
My friend has been visiting
since the winter break started.
I
As she was driving
home from spring break
, Maria saw a tornado touch
down.
D
People
who drink and drive
should be
arrested
.
I
Ever
since my daughter purchased a ferret
, I have noticed
an unpleasant smell in the house.
D
If I cannot make it to the dance,
I will give away my tickets
.
ISlide32
Complex Sentences:
contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
EXAMPLES (dependent clause in bold)
When we visited
, Mrs. Brodsky shared her memories of working in a shipyard during World War II.
Mr. Ruiz was a photographer
until he was drafted
.Slide33
Punctuating complex sentences:
If the dependent clause begins a sentence, it must be followed by a comma.
Examples:
While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door.
If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor.Slide34
If the independent clause starts the sentences, no comma is required.
Examples:
The cat scratched at the door while I was eating.
You ought to see a doctor if you are ill.Slide35
Comma or No Comma?
Whenever I’m late for the bus my mom drives me to school.
My mom drives me to school whenever I’m late for the bus.
I had to stay at a neighbor’s house after school because I lost my key.
Because I lost my key I had to stay at a neighbor’s house after school.
When I forgot to do my chores my mom grounded me for the day.
My mom grounded me for the day when I forgot to do my chores.
Because her friends were all on vacation Mary was lonely all summer break.
8. Before
I could go to the party my mom made me walk the dog. Slide36
Comma or No Comma?
Whenever I’m late for the bus
,
my mom drives me to school.
My mom drives me to school whenever I’m late for the bus.
I had to stay at a neighbor’s house after school because I lost my key.
Because I lost my key
,
I had to stay at a neighbor’s house after school.
When I forgot to do my chores
,
my mom grounded me for the day.
My mom grounded me for the day when I forgot to do my chores.
Because her friends were all on vacation
,
Mary was lonely all summer break.
8. Before
I could go to the
party
,
my mom made me walk the dog. Slide37
More Practice: Comma or No Comma?
Although she was popular Laurie couldn’t get a date for the prom.
We went to hang out at Dairy Queen after school since the game was cancelled.
Unless you hear otherwise I’ll be in my classroom all afternoon.
We celebrated at the Wagon Wheel after we won the game.
The dancer injured her foot while she was rehearsing for the recital.
As the sun rose my friend and I were up and ready for our run.
Because Sarah is my sister I have to forgive her for ruining my favorite shirt.
I am going to Hershey Park this weekend if the weather is good.Slide38
Comma
or No Comma
?
Although she was popular
,
Laurie couldn’t get a date for the prom.
We went to hang out at Dairy Queen after school since the game was cancelled.
Unless you hear otherwise
,
I’ll be in my classroom all afternoon.
We celebrated at the Wagon Wheel after we won the game.
The dancer injured her foot while she was rehearsing for the recital.
As the sun rose
,
my friend and I were up and ready for our run.
Because Sarah is my sister
,
I have to forgive her for ruining my favorite shirt.
I am going to Hershey Park this weekend if the weather is good.Slide39
Compound or complex? Punctuate!
Older television sets had tubes while the new models are digital.
Older television sets had tubes the newest models are digital.
After the tornado hit my house was completely destroyed.
The tornado hit my house and it was completely destroyed.
The clouds promise rain we should hurry up and get home.
The clouds promise rain so we should hurry up and get home.
Bruno likes sitting on the beach he always gets a nasty sunburn.
Bruno likes sitting on the beach although he always gets a nasty sunburn.Slide40
Compound or complex? Punctuate!
Older television sets had tubes while the new models are digital.
Older television sets had tubes
;
the newest models are digital.
After the tornado hit
,
my house was completely destroyed.
The tornado hit my house
,
and it was completely destroyed.
The clouds promise rain
;
we should hurry up and get home.
The clouds promise rain
,
so we should hurry up and get home.
Bruno likes sitting on the beach
;
he always gets a nasty sunburn.
Bruno likes sitting on the beach although he always gets a nasty sunburn.Slide41
Homework 5
Pick five subordinating conjunctions out of the
first
column in your list and write a complex sentence for each. The
independent
clause must go
first!
Ex:
My game really improved after
I bought my new
sneakers.Slide42
Homework 6
Pick five subordinating conjunctions out of the second column in your list and write a complex sentence for each. The dependent clause must go first!
Ex: After I bought my new sneakers, my game really improved.Slide43
Copy sentences. Underline
dependent clause and add punctuation if needed.
Although they eat me out of house and home I will love my children.
I won’t buy new clothes unless they are on sale.
While we watched the basketball game on television my friend and I ate up all of the snacks in the house.
I ran out of water and was very thirsty as we hiked through the dense forest.
My mom will not drive me to the mall unless I help her with the laundry.
I don’t like to be alone while I’m watching a scary movie. Slide44
Underline dependent clause and add punctuation if needed.
Although they eat me out of house and home
,
I will love my children.
I won’t buy new clothes
unless they are on sale
.
While we watched the basketball game on television
,
my friend and I ate up all of the snacks in the house.
I ran out of water and was very thirsty
as we hiked through the dense forest
.
My mom will not drive me to the mall
unless I help her with the laundry
.
I don’t like to be alone
while I’m watching a scary movi
e. Slide45
Copy sentences. Underline
dependent clause and add punctuation if needed.
Stephen won’t do his homework unless his mom makes him
If I don’t finish this project tonight I’ll just do it over the weekend.
After Jack had fallen Jill came tumbling after.
As we hiked through the woods I was bitten up by mosquitoes.
My dog will roll over and play dead if I offer him a treat.
Unless the team works harder we will not make it to the playoffs.Slide46
Underline
dependent clause and add punctuation if needed.
Stephen won’t do his homework
unless his mom makes him.
If I don’t finish this project tonight
,
I’ll just do it over the weekend.
After Jack had fallen
,
Jill came tumbling after.
As we hiked through the woods
,
I was bitten up by mosquitoes.
My dog will roll over and play dead
if I offer him a treat
.
Unless the team works harder
,
we will not make it to the playoffs.Slide47
HW7: Underline dependent clause and add punctuation if needed
.
Although it has been celebrated for more than ten years National Youth Service Day is not well-known.
This national event was founded so that young people’s volunteer work would be recognized.
After the volunteers work on a project they have a deep sense of satisfaction.
Because they wanted to help beautify the city some volunteers in Atlanta, Georgia, painted a playground.
While adult volunteers helped most of the work was done by elementary-school and middle-school students.
Since they were interested in identifying major problems in their neighborhood about 90 high school students in San Francisco conducted a community survey.
Perhaps you can get involved next year if you are interest in volunteering.Slide48
HW 7: Underline dependent clause and add punctuation if needed
.
Although it has been celebrated for more than ten
years
,
National
Youth Service Day is not well-known.
This national event was founded
so that young people’s volunteer work would be recognized
.
After the volunteers work on a
project
,
they have a deep sense of satisfaction.
Because they wanted to help beautify the
city
,
some
volunteers in Atlanta, Georgia, painted a playground.
While adult volunteers
helped
,
most
of the work was done by elementary-school and middle-school students.
Since they were interested in identifying major problems in their
neighborhood
,
about 90 high school students in San Francisco conducted a community survey.
Perhaps you can get involved next year
if you are interest in volunteering
.Slide49
HW 8: Complex Sentences
Punctuate the following sentences correctly:
I would have gone with you although I am tired.
Although I am tired
,
I would have gone with you.
Since our team lost last night
,
we can’t enter the tournament.
We can’t enter the tournament since our team lost last night.
He listened in class although he didn’t take part in class discussions.
Although he didn’t take part in class discussions
,
he listened in class.
We were raising livestock because my family was living in the
the
country.
Because my family was living in the country
,
we were raising livestock.
The horse trotted until he broke into a gallop.
Until he broke into a gallop
,
the horse trotted.Slide50
Complex Sentences Cont.
Even though he was a strange character
,
I liked being around him.
I liked being around him even though he was a strange character.
After I caught a tiny trout in the stream
,
we had it for supper.
I cannot buy a car until I have saved a down payment since my credit is bad.
I will help you since no one else seems to be willing to help.
She plans to read three books while she is on vacation.
Please shut the door since it is cold and rainy outside because of El Nino.
Because of El Nino
,
it is cold and rainy outside.
While the strong wind was blowing
,
our boat nearly capsized on the lake.
Once you have mastered clauses
,
the rest of the study of grammar is quite easy.Slide51
Skills check: Identify clauses, sentence types, and punctuate if needed.
Samples:
My Halloween costume is ruined because my brother spilled juice all over it.
CX
My favorite candy is Nerds
;
I hope I get some this Halloween.
CD
We need to go to the mall to get our Halloween decorations there is a sale at Spencer’s. ____
We need to go to the mall today to get our Halloween decorations because Spencer’s is having a sale. ____
While I like Halloween I don’t appreciate my mom stealing all of my candy. ____
I
D
I
ISlide52
More Quiz Prep: S, CD, or CX
I
wanted to watch the season premiere of
The Walking Dead
but
I
fell asleep too early. _____
My grandmother makes the best meatballs and always makes extra for me to take home. _____
While a storm raged on outside I enjoyed a warm fire and a good book. _____
The young boy
listened
attentively as his mother yelled for a solid five minutes. _____
After his friend moved away Fred moped around the house. ____
My family gets together every Sunday and we always love to play board games._____
The
hungry cat stalked a small field mouse and made a quick meal of him._____
Whenever the cafeteria serves tacos there are lines out the doors.Slide53
Quiz Prep: S, CD, or CX
I
wanted to watch the season premiere of
The Walking Dead
,
but
I
fell asleep too early.
CD
My grandmother makes the best meatballs and always makes extra for me to take home.
S
While a storm raged on outside
,
I enjoyed a warm fire and a good book.
CX
The young boy
listened
attentively as his mother yelled for a solid five minutes.
CX
After his friend moved away
,
Fred moped around the house.
CX
My family gets together every Sunday
,
and we always love to play board games.
CD
The
hungry cat stalked a small field mouse and made a quick meal of him.
S
Whenever the cafeteria serves tacos
,
there are lines out the doors.
CXSlide54
Skills Check Review
1. I did not do well on my quiz because I did not study for it. _____
2. I realize I need to learn from my mistakes and I need to change my study habits. _____
3. Mrs. Fava is a wonderful and patient teacher. _____
4. So that I do better on the next quiz I will memorize the subordinating conjunctions._____
5. Until I bring my English grade up Mom has grounded me._____Slide55
Skills Check Review
1. I did not do well on my quiz because I did not study for it. _____
2. I realize I need to learn from my mistakes and I need to change my study habits. _____
3. Mrs. Fava is a wonderful and patient teacher. _____
4. So that I do better on the next quiz I will memorize the subordinating conjunctions._____
5. Until I bring my English grade up Mom has grounded me._____Slide56
More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate.
We had a great Winter Break it was really fun
. ______
Because
it was so long we were able to do many fun things
. _____
I
went to the movies and slept in
. _____
I
went to the movies and I slept in
. _____
I
was going to babysit since I needed the money
_____
I was going to babysit but I didn’t have the time. _____Slide57
More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate.
We had a great
Winter Break
;
it was really fun
. CD
Because
it was so
long
,
we were able to do many fun things
.
CX
I
went to the movies and slept in
. S
I
went to the
movies
, and
I slept in
. CD
I
was going to babysit
since I needed the
money
.
CX
I was going to babysit
, but
I didn’t have the time
. CDSlide58
More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate.
I
went to the doctor’s office
because
I was feeling really sick
. _____
I
wasn’t sure when
class would be over. _____
I
love being on break you have so much free time
. _____
I love being on break because you have so much free time. _____
If it snows tomorrow we may have a
snow day
! _____
We have a snow day today since it snowed last night._____Slide59
More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate.
I
went to the doctor’s office
because
I was feeling really sick
. CX
I
wasn’t sure
when
class would be over
. CX
I
love being on
break
;
you have so much free time
. CD
I love being on break
because you have so much free time.
CX
If it snows tomorrow
,
we may have a
snow day
! CX
We have a snow day today
since it snowed last night
. CXSlide60
More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate.
I love the sights and smells of Fall. _____
I enjoy the changing of the leaves and the smell of pumpkin spice. _____
My dad loves to carve pumpkins his masterpieces sit out on our front porch. _____
After I go out for Halloween I have to hide my candy from my mom. _____
Mom is on a diet but she really loves her candy! _____
My grandmother has been making my Halloween costumes since I was little._____Slide61
More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate.
I love the sights and smells of Fall
.
S
I enjoy the changing of the
leaves
,
and
the
smell of pumpkin spice
. CD
My dad loves to carve pumpkins his masterpieces
;
sit out on our front porch
. CD
After I go out for Halloween
,
I have to hide my candy from my mom
. CX
Mom is on a diet
, but
she really loves her candy
! CD
My grandmother has been making my Halloween costumes
since I was little
. CXSlide62
More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate.
My soccer team started off the season well with three wins and zero losses. _____
Since our best player was injured we have lost the last two games. _____
My coach is very frustrated with us and yells all the time. _____
He even threw orange slices at me after we lost the last game. _____
I was hoping our best player would come back but he is sadly out for the season. _____
When this season is over I may switch to football._____Slide63
More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate.
My soccer team started off the season well with three wins and zero losses
.
S
Since our best player was injured
,
we have lost the last two games
. CX
My coach is very frustrated with us and yells all the time
.
S
He even threw orange slices at me
after we lost the last game
. CX
I was hoping our best player would come back
, but
he is sadly out for the season
. CD
When this season is over
,
I may switch to football
. CXSlide64
Honors:
Compound-Complex
Sentence:
contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
EXAMPLES: dependent clause (red)
independent clauses (green)
When our
school celebrates Earth Day
,
we sign up for environmental projects
, and
we try to complete them all in one day
.Slide65
Combine the following sentences to form a complex compound sentence:
Use
while
and
and
; put dependent clause first.
Most young people in the middle ages worked.
Today’s young people go to school.
They work after graduation.
While most young people in the middle ages worked
,
today’s young people go to school
, and
they work after graduation
.Slide66
HW1
Write 2 compound complex sentences in your notebook:
Put dependent clause first in each.
Underline the dependent clause in red.
Underline the
independent
clause in
green.
Apply appropriate punctuation!Slide67
Combine the following sentences to form a complex
compound sentence:
Use
s
ince
and
but
:
put dependent clause first:
Annie was home from college for Thanksgiving.
I decided to visit her.
She was sick with the flu.
Since Annie was home from college for Thanksgiving
,
I decided to visit her
, but
she was sick with the flu
.Slide68
HW2
Write 2 compound complex sentences in your notebook:
Put dependent clause first in each.
Underline the dependent clause in red.
Underline the
independent
clause in green.
Apply appropriate punctuation!Slide69
Combine the following sentences to form a complex
compound sentence:
Use
and
and
so that
;
put both independent clauses first:
Students have cleaned up the beaches.
They have planted flowers in the parks.
The shore looks inviting to visitors.
Students
have cleaned up the beaches
, and
they have planted flowers in the parks
so that the shore looks inviting to visitors.Slide70
HW3
Write 2 compound complex sentences in your notebook:
Put
both independent clauses first
in each.
Underline the dependent clause in red.
Underline the
independent
clause in green.
Apply appropriate punctuation!Slide71
Combine the following sentences to form a complex
compound sentence:
Use
but
and
after
;
p
ut one independent clause first.
He ate lunch at the Cheesecake Factory.
Stanley wanted to go to the gym.
He was too full from his meal.
Stanley wanted to go to the gym
after he ate lunch at the Cheesecake factory
, but
he was too full from his meal
.Slide72
HW4
Write 2 compound complex sentences in your notebook:
Put
one
independent clause first
in each.
Underline the dependent clause in red.
Underline the
independent
clause in green.
Apply appropriate punctuation!Slide73
HW 5: Mixed Review
Write 5 sentences with correct punctuation and clauses underlined
(I)
and
(D):
A simple sentence
A simple sentence with a compound predicate
A compound sentence
A complex sentence
A compound-complex sentenceSlide74
HW5
We can wait here until Carlo calls us.
Either the engine
starts
or we will remain here all night.
A group of my classmates studied the problem and solved it in a few minutes.
The old car was in fairly good operating
condition
but the condition of the body was poor.
Slide75
HW5
We can wait here
until Carlo calls us
.
CX
Either the engine starts
, or
we will remain here all night
.
CD
A group of my classmates studied the problem and solved it in a few minutes
.
S
The old car was in fairly good operating condition
, but
the condition of the body was poor
.
CDSlide76
HW5
As cold weather approaches, you must protect your water pipes against
freezing
or they can rupture and cause significant damage to your home.
Russia has a variety of natural resources including oil, natural gas, timber, iron ore, copper, and lead.
While the
weather forecast had predicted severe
thunderstorms the
dark, heavy thunderclouds never materialized
.
Annual
plants survive only one season and must be replaced each
year
perennials return each year with new flowers and foliage.
Slide77
HW5
As cold weather approaches
,
you must protect your water pipes against freezing
, or
they can rupture and cause significant damage to your home
.
CD-CX
Russia has a variety of natural resources including oil, natural gas, timber, iron ore, copper, and lead
.
S
While the
weather forecast had predicted severe thunderstorms
,
the
dark, heavy thunderclouds never materialized
.
CX
Annual
plants survive only one season and must be replaced each
year
;
perennials return each year with new flowers and foliage
.
CDSlide78
Honors: Essential Clauses
Essential (Restrictive) clauses:
provides
necessary information about the noun in the sentence. It is
not separated from the rest of the sentence by commas
.
Examples:
The student
who sits in the back of the room
is always absent.
The results
that I obtained from the experiment
were surprising.
The student
whose essay I just read aloud
is always setting a good example.Slide79
Non-essential Clauses
Non-essential (non-restrictive) clauses:
adds additional information to a sentence
.
It uses commas to
show that the information is additional
.
If
omitted, readers will still understand the overall meaning of the sentence.
Examples
:
I want to thank my father
,
Mark Smith
,
for all of his love and
support.
Simon Baxter
, who is a deep-sea fisherman,
is training to be a lion tamer.Slide80
Practice: E or N
The Statue of Liberty
which is situated on Liberty Island
was given to us by the French.
The Statue of
Liberty
, which
is situated on Liberty
Island,
was given to us by the French
.
B.
The Statue of Liberty
, which is situated on Liberty Island,
was given to us by the French
.
N
NEXT
People
who have a "sweet tooth"
consume a lot of sugar.
People
, who
have a "sweet
tooth,"
consume a lot of sugar.
A. People
who have a "sweet tooth"
consume a lot of sugar.
ESlide81
Practice: E or N
Candy
that contains chocolate
is dangerous to dogs.
Candy
, that
contains
chocolate,
is dangerous
to
dogs
.
A.
Candy
that contains chocolate
is dangerous to
dogs.
E
NEXT
Cindy
who happens to be my favorite cousin
is a wonderful writer.
Cindy
, who happens to be my favorite cousin,
is a wonderful writer.
B. Cindy
, who happens to be my favorite cousin,
is a wonderful writer.
NSlide82
Practice: E or N
The vegetables
that people leave uneaten
are often the most
nutritious.
The
vegetables
, that
people leave
uneaten,
are often the most nutritious
.
A. The
vegetables
that people leave uneaten
are often the most nutritious
.
E
NEXT
Broccoli
which
people often leave
uneaten
is very nutritious.
Broccoli
, which people often leave uneaten,
is very nutritious
.
B. Broccoli
, which people often leave uneaten,
is very nutritious
.
NSlide83
E or N
Lisa
who takes ballet with
Jan
is
my best friend.
Lisa
, who takes ballet with Jan,
is my best friend.
B. Lisa
, who takes ballet with Jan,
is my best
friend.
N
NEXT
I want the
dress
that is purple with black sequins
for junior prom.
I want the
dress
, that
is purple with black
sequins,
for junior prom.
A. I
want the dress
that is purple with black sequins
for junior prom
.
ESlide84
E or N
The train
that comes at ten
is often late.
The
train
,
that comes at
ten,
is often late.
The train
that comes at ten
is often
late
.
E
NEXT
My English teacher
who has a college degree
cannot count papers.
My English
teacher
,
who has a college
degree,
cannot count papers.
B.
My
English teacher
,
who has a college degree,
cannot count papers
.
NSlide85
E or N
Jack’s Bakery
which sells the best muffins
was robbed last night.
Jack’s Bakery
,
which sells the best
muffins,
was robbed last night.
B. Jack’s Bakery
,
which sells the best
muffins,
was robbed last night
.
N
NEXT
The man
who left his wallet
is coming back for it at noon.
The
man
,
who left his
wallet,
is coming back for it at noon.
A. The
man
who left his wallet
is coming back for it at noon.Slide86
N or E (practice skills check)
I
want the dog
that is black and white
.
The
school
library
which is next to the
cafeteria
is my favorite place in the school
!
Mary
whose mom is a
nurse
sits behind me in class
.
Could you bring me the cup
that is on the table
?
The time
when I go to bed
changes in the summer
.
I won first
prize
which was a blue ribbon
.Slide87
N or E
I
want the dog
that is black and white
.
E
he school
library
, which
is next to the
cafeteria,
is my favorite place in the school
!
N
Mary
, whose
mom is a
nurse,
sits behind me in class
.
N
Could you bring me the cup
that is on the table
?
E
The time
when I go to bed
changes in the summer
.
E
I won first
prize
, which
was a blue ribbon
.
NSlide88
Phrase:
does not contain a subject or predicate.
EXAMPLES (prepositional phrase in bold)
Spiders live
in many different habitats.
The deer fled
into the woods.Slide89
A phrase is a collection of words that may have nouns or
verbs,
but it does not have a subject doing a verb.
EXAMPLES:
Leaving
behind the
dog
,
I fled from the haunted house.
B
efore the test
, I sharpened my pencil.
With a positive attitude
,
you can do anything.
Working all night long
, I finally finished my English project.Slide90
Look at the difference
Phrase
Leaving behind the
dog
Before
the first
test
With a positive
attitude
Working
all night long
Clause
I left the dog behind. (IC)
Before I took the test… (DC)
A positive attitude helps you to accomplish anything. (IC)
After I worked all night long… (DC)Slide91
Whiparound: D, I, or P?
Whenever I eat dinner at Aunt Sarah’s house,
I have to worry about her dog stealing my food.
Eating dinner at Aunt Sarah’s house
, I have to worry about her dog stealing my food.
Whenever I eat dinner at Aunt Sarah’s house
, I have to worry about her dog stealing my food.Slide92
Whiparound: D, I, or P?
Before the game on Saturday
, I pulled a hamstring.
I pulled a hamstring
before the game on Saturday.
I pulled a hamstring
before I could play in the game on Saturday
.Slide93
Whiparound: D, I, or P?
The market was closed
because it was a holiday
.
The market was closed
because of the holiday.
Because of the holiday
, the market was closed.Slide94
Whiparound: D, I, or P?
Before the detective arrived at the crime scene,
he contacted the forensics team to meet him
.
Before arriving at the crime scene
, the detective contacted the forensics team to meet him.
Before the detective arrived at the crime scene
, he contacted the forensics team to meet him.Slide95
Whiparound: D, I, or P?
Too frightening for young audience members,
the circus clown was fired
.
The circus clown was fired
because he was too frightening for young audience members
.
Too frightening for young audience members
, the circle clown was fired.Slide96
Choose two from each column to write four sentences.
Intro phrases
After three long
years,
. . .
Any given Sunday, . . .
Over the river and through the woods,
. . .
While riding a bike, . . .
Trying to make the team,
. . .
After waiting for two hours,….
Dependent clauses
After I practiced the violin, . . .
If Andrew works really hard, . . .
When Sarah goes to the beach, . . .
Even though Mr. Smith is usually nice, . . .
As the batter stepped up to the plate, . . .
Because my grandmother lives in Alaska,….Slide97
I, D, or P (HW 4)
The hot dog vendor witnessed the car accident
that happened early that morning._____
When the hot dog vendor saw the car accident,
he called the police.______
Witnessing the car accident,
the hot dog vendor immediately called the police._____Slide98
HW4: I, D, or P
4. Born
in Texas
, I moved to Aston when I was eleven._____
5. Born
in Texas, I moved to Aston
when I was eleven
._____
6. Born
in Texas,
I moved to Aston
when I was eleven._____
Slide99
HW4: I, D, or P
7.I
felt frightened
when I heard a strange noise outside my room last night._____
8. When
I heard a strange noise outside my room last night,
I felt frightened._____
9. Hearing
a strange noise outside my room last night
, I felt frightened._____
Slide100
HW4: I, D, or P
10. I
panicked
when I lost my two friends at the carnival over the weekend
._____
11. I
panicked
when I lost my two friends at the carnival over the weekend._____
12. Having
lost my two friends
, I panicked at the carnival over the weekend._____
Slide101
HW 4: I, D, or P
13. Never
one to dwell on the negative,
Sam quickly forgot about the team loss._____
14. Since
he was never one to dwell on the negative,
Sam quickly forgot about the team loss._____
15. Sam
quickly forgot about the team loss
since he was never one to dwell on the negative._____
Slide102
HW 4: I, D, or P
16.My
mom worried
when I missed my school bus and didn’t come home._____
17.When
I missed my school bus and didn’t come home,
my mom worried._____
18. Missing
the school bus
, I worried my mom._____
Slide103
HW4: I, D, or P
19.Because
I am failing English,
I am grounded until the marking period ends._____
20. I
am grounded until the marking period ends
because I am failing English._____
21. Failing
English,
I am grounded until the marking period ends._____Slide104
HW5: I, D, or P
Tigers,
suffering from habitat loss
, are one of the world’s endangered species._____
Tigers,
since they suffer from habitat loss
, are one of the world’s endangered species._____
Tigers
, one of the world’s endangered species,
suffer from habitat loss
._____Slide105
HW5: I, D, or P
4. After
you taste my Aunt Rita’s homemade banana cream pie
, you won’t ever want store-made pie again._____
5. You
won’t ever want store-made pie again
after you taste my Aunt Rita’s homemade banana cream pie._____
6. After
tasting my Aunt Rita’s homemade banana cream pie
, you won’t ever want store-made pie again._____Slide106
HW 5: I, D, or P
7.The
president got angry with the student council
when no one would help with the fundraiser
.
_____
8.When
no one would help with the fundraiser,
the president of the student council got angry._____
9.Getting
no help with the fundraiser,
the president of the student council got angry._____Slide107
HW5: I, D, or P
10. Although
she is my beloved bird
, I sometimes get angry with my noisy bird in the morning._____
11. I
sometimes get angry with my noisy bird in the morning
although she is my beloved pet._____
12. Although
my beloved pet,
I sometimes get angry with my noisy bird in the morning._____Slide108
HW5: I, D, or P
13. While
you were absent,
I gathered all of the work you missed._____
14. I
gathered all of the work you missed
while you were absent._____
15. During
your absence
, I gathered all of the work you missed._____Slide109
HW5: I, D, or P
16. I
have run two miles every day
since the summer began._____
17. Since
the summer began
, I have run two miles every day._____
18. Since
the summer’s beginning
, I have run two miles every day._____Slide110
HW6: I, D, or P
Having never been on a plane,
I was very nervous on the flight to Disney World._____
I was very nervous on the flight to Disney World
, having never been on a plane._____
Since I had never been on a plane before,
I was very nervous about the flight to Disney World._____Slide111
HW6: I, D, or P
4. Because
she loved animals,
Sarah volunteered to work at the Humane Society on Saturday morning._____
5. On
Saturday mornings,
Sarah volunteered to work at the Humane Society since she was such an animal lover._____
6. Sarah
,
a lover of animals,
decided to volunteer at the Human Society on Saturday mornings.
_____Slide112
HW6: I, D, or P
7. Mr
. Wilson,
a dedicated teacher
, spent most of his evenings grading papers._____
8. Mr
. Wilson,
a dedicated teacher
, spent most of his evenings grading papers
._____
9. Mr
. Wilson spent most of his evenings grading papers
because he was a dedicated teacher
._____Slide113
HW6: I, D, or P
10.
As
a huge chocolate lover
, I don’t know what I’d do if I was allergic to chocolate
._____
11. I
,
a huge chocolate lover, don’t know what I’d do
if I was allergic to chocolate
._____
12. As
a huge chocolate lover,
I don’t know what I’d do
if I was allergic to chocolate._____Slide114
HW6: I, D, or P
13. The
lioness
, an expert at stalking her prey,
stayed downwind of the herd
.______
14. Since
she was an
expert
at stalking her prey,
the lioness stayed downwind of the herd._____
15. An
expert at stalking her prey,
the lioness stayed downwind of the herd._____Slide115
HW6: I, D, or P
16.When
I train for a race
, I try to eat very well and get plenty of sleep
.______
17.
I
try to eat very well and get plenty of sleep
when I train for a race
._____
18. When
training for a race,
I try to eat very well and get plenty of sleep._____Slide116
HW7: I, D, or P
1. Not wanting to watch her little brother
, Stacy said that she had to study for her chemistry test.
P
2. My mom,
although she is usually patient
, flipped out at my little brother today.
D
3. Over the weekend
, I had a huge fight with my friends and we aren’t speaking
now.
P
4. I cannot see my boyfriend tonight
since he has to work at the
WaWa
until
ten
.
D
5. Running late in the morning
, I missed the bus and Mom had to drive me to
school.
P
6. Joe,
having forgotten to save his work,
lost all his research paper when his computer crashed.
P
7. If you want to pass the upcoming test
, you will have to study every
night.
DSlide117
HW7
: I, D, or P
8.
John’s
painting
, an ugly mess,
was clearly the worst entry in the art show.
I
9. When
we win the championship this weekend,
my team is going to celebrate at Dairy
Queen.
D
10. After
r
unning
around the house,
the dog finally settled down for a nap by the
fence.
P
11. Mr
. and Mrs. Simpson,
my friend’s parents
, sat in back of us at the football game
.
P
12. On
the way to school
, I found a wallet that someone had dropped in the street.
P
13. The
teacher,
having issued the detention,
waited for her student to show up the next day
.
I
14. Dauphin
Island,
located off the coast of Alabama
, is a favorite spot for
fishermen.
PSlide118
HW7
: I, D, or P
15. I
don’t like watching television during the day
because it makes me feel
lazy
.
D
16. Maria
,
wearing a hand-made dress of her own design,
was the most stunning girl at the prom
.
P
17. While
I do like baseball
, I rarely have time to go to a game
.
D
18. The
cat
that was watching the dog
intently walked carefully away
.
P
19. Citizen
Kane,
considered b
y
many critics to be the greatest American film ever made
, won only one Academy Award
.
P
20. Joanne
was rude to Mr. Simon
even though he was just trying to help
.
DSlide119
HW7
: I, D, or P
21. Having worked hard on the paper,
Jordan was disappointed to received a low B
.
I
22. The ballerina moved on stage with grace
even though her feet hurt horribly
.
D
23. When in the company of strangers
, be careful what you say.
P
24. My favorite store at the mall
, the one with all of the great posters,
just closed last weekend.
I
25. If you can’t say something nice,
you shouldn’t say anything at all!
DSlide120
Clause Review Games
Rags
to Riches:
http
://
www.quia.com/rr/744958.html
Clause Quiz:
http
://
www.softschools.com/quizzes/grammar/identifying_subordinate_dependent_clauses/quiz3637.html
Clause and Phrase Race:
h
ttp
://
www.harcourtschool.com/activity/sentence_speedway/index_pre.html
Clauses and Phrases:
http://
cite.nwmissouri.edu/ic/Grammar/PhrasesandClauses.html