Which example is a more effective use of evidence Today we are too selfcentered We are consumersontherun the very notion of the family meal as a sitdown occasion is vanishing Adults and children alike eat on the way to their next activity ID: 710983
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Slide1
Integrating Quotations into Sentences…but like, for collegeSlide2
Which example is a more effective use of evidence?
Today, we are too self-centered. “We are consumers-on-the-run . . . the very notion of the family meal as a sit-down occasion is vanishing. Adults and children alike eat . . . on the way to their next activity” (
Gleick
148). Everything is about what we want.
Today, Americans are too self-centered. Even our families don't matter as much anymore as they once did. Other people and activities take precedence, as James
Gleick
says in his
book
Faster
, “We
are consumers-on-the-run . . . the very notion of the family meal as a sit-down occasion is vanishing. Adults and children alike eat . . . on the way to their next activity” (148). Sit-down meals are a time to share and connect with others; however, that connection has become less
valued.Slide3
The quotation process: Contextualize
Provide context for each quote. Say where the upcoming quote came from or the circumstances of the quote before you drop it. Can you predict what the quote following these example sentences would say?
When Franklin Roosevelt gave his inaugural speech on March 4, 1933, he addressed a nation weakened and demoralized by economic depression.
In an interview with CBR,
Kingdom Come
author Alex Ross provided some examples of connections he sees between his book and Marvel’s
Civil War.
After the
Cavaliers
nearly squandered a 20-point, second-half
lead
,
allowing
the
Boston Celtics
to cut the deficit to one before
the
Cavs held
on
for a
124-118
win Thursday,
LeBron James
pointed the finger squarely at
himself
.Slide4
The quotation process: Attribute
If you read your essay out loud, would the listener know where your writing stopped and a quote began (and then ended)? If not, you need to add a noticeable attribution:
According to historian
Cece
Spencer’s college essay, “FDR, the OG POTUS,” Roosevelt “used his speech as an opportunity to calm a nervous nation’s fears” (4).
Ross points out that
Kingdom Come
and
Civil War
’s stories stem from similar plot devices, telling an interviewer that in each book, “one, nuclear, devastating moment…sets off this whirlwind of change where the heroes have to put their house in order” (CBR).
Slide5
More attribution: good verbs
A verb like “says” often signals that a quote is about to begin, but the word “says” over and over gets repetitive, and doesn’t do much describing. Here are some good verbs to use in your attributions. Remember, you generally want these in present tense:
Announce
Add
exclaim
comment
Reply
State
write
Respond
Propose
arguePoint outnotedeclareSuggestDemonstratenoteCriticizeDiscoverobservebelievedefine
You can think of it as a “
signal phrase
:”
The similarities between Captain America and The Punisher aren’t lost on Spiderman, who suggests,
“Cap’s probably the reason [The Punisher] went to Vietnam. Same guy, different war” (Millar).
The author argues that
“…”
Historians have criticized Jackson’s work as
“…”Slide6
The quotation process: explain
After you’ve woven a quote into a paragraph you need to explain its significance. This is the part where you tie it back to the argument you’re making in that paragraph’s topic sentence or your essay’s thesis statement.
Roosevelt’s words succeeded where the previous presidents’ didn’t because Roosevelt knew the value of mass communication. Americans provided the new president
with more patience to fix the economy than they would have for anyone else.
Since
Kingdom Come
and
Civil War
essentially follow the same storyline – superheroes go to war with each other to keep each side in check – what makes the stories different experiences for readers? The answer is the different philosophical question that underlies each book.
Slide7
Put it all together…
When Franklin Roosevelt gave his inaugural speech on March 4, 1933, he
addressed
a nation weakened and demoralized by economic
depression
. According to historian
Cece
Spencer’s college essay, “FDR,
the
OG POTUS,” Roosevelt “used his speech as an opportunity to
calm
a nervous nation’s fears” (206). Roosevelt’s words succeeded where the previous presidents’ didn’t because Roosevelt knew the value of mass communication. Americans provided the new president with more patience to fix the economy than they would have for anyone else simply because his radio broadcasts served as updates on his work, and if the American people felt like their president was “updating” them, then that must have meant that he was working for them as well.Slide8
Putting it all together…
In
an interview with CBR,
Kingdom Come author Alex Ross provided some
examples
of connections he sees between his book and Marvel’s
Civil War.
Ross points out that
Kingdom Come
and
Civil War
’s stories stem from similar plot devices, telling the interviewer that in each book, “One, nuclear, devastating moment … sets off this whirlwind of change where the heroes have to put their house in order” (CBR). Since Kingdom Come and Civil War essentially follow the same storyline – superheroes go to war with each other to keep each side in check – what makes them different experiences for readers? The answer is the different philosophical question that underlies each book.Slide9
The Four S’s
Select
Shorten
Smooth
CiteSlide10
The Four S’s: Select
Choose the quote from the text provides evidence for the argument you’re paragraph makes. For example, I want to use a quote from the book
In Cold Blood
where the author, Truman Capote, describes one of the main characters:
“his
own face enthralled him. Each angle of it induced a different impression. It was a changeling’s face, and mirror-guided experiments had taught him how to ring the changes, how to look now ominous, now impish, now soulful; a tilt of the head, a twist of the lips, and the corrupt gypsy became the gentle
romantic” (Capote 4).Slide11
The Four S’s: Shorten
Shorten – Quotes should be short and sweet: the jab to your cross, in boxing terms. Use as little of the selected quote as you need, then expand on it in your own words. You can shorten a long quote with an ellipsis
(…)
“his own face enthralled him. Each angle of it induced a different impression. It was a changeling’s face, and mirror-guided experiments had taught him how to ring the changes, how to look now ominous, now impish, now soulful; a tilt of the head, a twist of the lips, and the corrupt gypsy became the gentle romantic” (Capote 4).
I only need a very small part of this because I just want to say that Perry could change his face to take on different personalities. All of this is important, but I can come back to the important parts later on in my essay when I argue other aspects of Perry’s habits or personalities.
I’m only going to use “changeling’s face”Slide12
The Four S’s: Smooth
Smooth – Work the part of the quote you’ve chosen into a sentence you’ve already started.
So here’s what I have:
As Perry
stares
into a bathroom mirror just hours
before he commits a horrible
crime, his
“changeling’s face” (Capote 4)
reveals his outsider status. He lives on the margins of society because he has no true sense of self.Slide13
The Four S’s: Cite
There are various ways to do this, so pick the one that best fits the sentence you’ve written.
As Perry stares into a bathroom mirror just hours before he commits a horrible crime, his “changeling’s face” (Capote 4) reveals his outsider status. He lives
in
the margins of society because he has no true sense of self.
As Perry stares into the bathroom mirror just hours before he commits a horrible crime, Capote focuses on his “changeling’s face” (4), signaling to the reader that Perry lives in the margins of society because he has no true sense of self.
As Perry stares into the bathroom mirror just hours before he commits a horrible crime, Capote
telegraphs this on page four when he describes the
main character
as having
a “changeling’s
face.” This is the first of many hints that Perry lives in the margins of society because he has no true sense of self.Slide14
Block quotes
There are specific times to use block quotes (long quotes):
If a quote you want to use is four or more lines
To cite lines from a poem, song lyrics or dialogue from a play, story or interview
There are specific rules governing block quotes that are different from using smaller
quotes:
Block quotes are indented even further into your essay
Block quotes, like any other piece of evidence, shouldn’t end the paragraph
Block quotes do not use quotation marks
The citation comes AFTER the closing punctuation mark, instead of before like shorter quotationsSlide15
Block quotes continued
In Song of Solomon, Milkman’s transformation begins when he
becomes curious about his ancestry.
He was curious about these people. He didn’t feel close to them,
but he did feel connected, as though there was some cord or
pulse or information they shared. Back home he had never felt
that way, as though he belonged to any place or anybody.
(Morrison 293)Milkman’s self-identification as an outsider stunts his emotional growth. It’s only towards the end of the book that history nudges him in the direction of self-discovery.Slide16
Changing a quote to fit your sentence
From Purdue’s writing lab:
Adding or
changing verbs in quotations:
If you add a word or words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text.
Jan
Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states, "some individuals
[who retell urban legends]
make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78).
If
you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted word or words by using ellipsis marks, which are three periods ( . . . ) preceded and followed by a space.
For example:In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).Slide17
The punctuation of quoting
There are only three ways to introduce a quote:
Colon after a full sentence
Comma after an introductory phrase
No punctuation because the quote is worked into your own sentenceSlide18
Using a colon
One way to introduce a quote is with a colon. You can only do this if you introduce the quote with a
COMPLETE sentence:
Moore lays out V’s motives for his terrorist activity near the beginning of the book when the character has a discussion with the statue of Madam Justice: “You are no longer my Justice. You are his justice now” (41),
he shouts
.Slide19
Using a comma
A comma is used to introduce a quote when the phrase before the quote is NOT a full sentence:
V sees the government’s acceptance of fascism as an affair, telling Madam Justice, “It was your infidelity that drove me to her arms” (41)!
*Notice that the quote begins with a capital “I” and comes after the commaSlide20
When no comma or colon is necessary
When you can work a short quote into your own sentence so that it flows seamlessly, then you don’t need a comma or a colon to separate it
The word “that” can replace a comma
When V says that “it was your infidelity that me to her arms” (41) he frames the ideological debate between him and the government as a love triangle, one that has a beginning, middle, end, and likely a tragic ending for at least one involved.
The first hint that V sees this as a fascist society comes when he accuses Madam Liberty as liking “arm bands and jackboots” (41).
*Note
that as well as not needing a comma or colon, the quote isn’t capitalized eitherSlide21
Literary present of quoting (Thanks Vanderbilt U)
As a default, stick to the present tense:
When commenting on what a writer says, use the present tense
Example
:
Dunn begins his work with a view into the lives and motivations of the very first settlers.
Example
:
Through this anecdote, Richter illustrates common misconceptions about native religion and shows why missionary attempts were less than successful.
2) Real historical events should still be in past tense:
Example:
Alan Moore wrote V for Vendetta in the 1980s, when he had concerns about the direction of British politics.3) When discussing events in a book or story, always use the present tense, unless there is a shift in the time frame within the world of the text. Slide22
More literary present of quoting (Thanks Vanderbilt U)
3) When discussing events in a book or story, always use the present tense, unless there is a shift in the time frame within the world of the text.
Example:
Evelyn then rips into the carefully wrapped package and finds the greatest gift she has ever received. Her eyes fill with tears as she gazes at the jewel, but Philip does not know that these tears are the results of more than surprised joy. Evelyn is suffering from guilt as she compares this present to the shoddy gift that she
bought
* for her beau.
*
“Bought” is in past tense because the buying of the present occurred before the described set of events. Slide23
More literary present of quoting (Thanks Vanderbilt U)
Remember: It is important to stay consistent. Moving between verb tenses can be confusing for your reader. Examine your changes of tense very carefully and make sure there is a logical reason for them.
Style
Tip: If you need to shift tense more than three times in a single sentence, consider breaking up the sentence into a couple of shorter sentences to maintain reading ease. Slide24
Now it’s your turn…
Use the next ten minutes to look over your rough draft and fix any paragraphs that use quoted evidence
Where can you shorten a quote?
Where does a long quote need to be split out of a paragraph?
Where are you introducing a quote improperly?
Where do you have a quote that’s just dropped in to a paragraph without a signaling phrase?