to 1500 CE Chapter 1 Boyer Hiawatha member of Iroquois tribe Endless cycle of violence Family threatened wanders through forest Has visions meets holy man Introduces condolence of peace to Iroquois tribes ID: 166396
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Slide1
Native Peoples of America to 1500 C.E.
Chapter 1, BoyerSlide2
Hiawatha
member of Iroquois tribe
Endless cycle of violence
Family threatened, wanders through forestHas visions, meets holy manIntroduces condolence of peace to Iroquois tribesLeads to creation of the League of the IroquoisRepresents a moment in American History before ColumbusCultural diversity that existed in Pre-Columbian AmericaSlide3
Chapter Focus Questions
What factors prompted the transition from Paleo-Indian to Archaic ways of life among the earliest Americans?
How did the varied environments of the Western Hemisphere shape the emergence of a wide diversity of Native American cultures?
What common values and practices did Native Americans share, despite their vast diversitySlide4
First Americans
c. 13,000-2500 B.C.E.
Two Theories
Land bridge10,500 B.C.E.Last Ice AgeHuntersFrom SiberiaBoatMore recent theoryDated 13,000 B.C.E.Evidence in Chile 10,500 B.C.E.Slide5
Paleo- Indians
“earliest Americans”
Foundation of Native American life
Hunter/gathers Defined roles for men and womenTrade/exchange of ideasEnd of Ice Age = change in way of lifeDramatic changes in physical environmentSlide6
Archaic Societies
Changes in environment = changes in lifestyle
Changes in diet
Shift to year-round villagesMore defined roles for men and women5000 B.C.E. cultivation of AgricultureBegins in MesoamericaTehucan Indians 3000B.C.E. Seed specializationIntroduction of 1st maize cropSpread by 2500 B.C.E.
Still not significant part of daily dietSlide7
Cultural Diversity
Mesoamerica and South America
Increased Crop Production
Maize-based farming spreadsSurplus leads to tradeDevelopment of communitiesOlmecUrban centersHereditary rulers (chiefdoms)Unequal societySlide8
Mesoamerica and South America Cont.
Development of Powerful States
Teotihuacan (2
nd-7th cent.)Lead bloody warsReligious hierarchyExtensive tradeDominated Modern-day MexicoStrong political systemMassive public works projects
Influences the Maya and the Aztecs
Declined 8
th
centurySlide9
Mesoamerica and South America
Mayans
Kingdom-states, 7
th- 15th centuriesDeveloped:CalendarNumerical systemHieroglyphic writingcodicesAztecsOverthrew rulers in 1428
Conquering campaign
Religious rituals
Massive public works projects
Capital- Tenochtitlan
Based writing and calendar on Mayans
Modified environment for food production
Large trading systemSlide10Slide11
Mesoamerica and South America
Incas
Andes
Capital- CuzcoDominate around 1438 C.E.Ability to grow crops in harsh environment key to expansionModified environmentPublic worksSlide12Slide13
Revisit: Chapter Focus Questions
What factors prompted the transition from Paleo-Indian to Archaic ways of life among the earliest Americans?
How did the varied environments of the Western Hemisphere shape the emergence of a wide diversity of Native American cultures?
What common values and practices did Native Americans share, despite their vast diversity