Most people thought evil spirits, swamp gas, or bad luck caused disease. science history. Louis Pasteur. Theorized that microbes caused disease and killing them could prevent illness.. Joseph Lister. ID: 691390
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Presentations text content in The Immune Syste m Before the 1900’s, no one knew what caused sickness and infection
Slide1
The Immune System
Slide2
Before the 1900’s, no one knew what caused sickness and infection
Most people thought evil spirits, swamp gas, or bad luck caused disease
Slide3
science history
Louis Pasteur
Theorized that microbes caused disease and killing them could prevent illness.
Joseph Lister
Theorized that microbes caused infection. One of the first surgeons to disinfect instruments.
Robert Koch
Began linking certain pathogens to certain illnesses. Example:
botulinum
causes food poisoning.
Slide4
Functions
To keep out or to fight pathogens that enter your body.
To recognize and attack foreign substances in the body.
Slide5
organs
skin
white blood cells
macrophage
T cell
B cell
Slide6
pathogen – something that causes illness. Pathogens can be a virus, bacteria, protein, fungi or
protist
.
virus
bacteria
protein
fungiprotist
Slide7
external defenses
Your body’s first line of defense against pathogens is to create a barrier.
skin
breathing passages
mouth
stomach
Slide8
skin
Your skin acts as a barrier to keep pathogens out.
Slide9
breathing passages
Small hairs in your nose and trachea help trap pathogens.
They can cause you to sneeze or cough to try and expel the pathogens.
Slide10
mouth and stomach
Saliva and stomach acid can kill some pathogens.
Vomiting can also expel pathogens.
Slide11
internal defenses
If a pathogen makes it past the external defenses, the internal defenses begin;
i
nflammation
– happens with cuts and injuries
fever – body raises your temperature to try and kill the pathogens.immune response – white blood cells are produced.
Slide12
Immune response
white blood cells
– cells that travel though the bloodstream and body searching out pathogens. The three types are macrophages, T cells and B cells.
Slide13
macrophages
Destroys pathogens by engulfing and digesting them.
Slide14
T Cells
Helper T cells travel throughout the body looking for pathogens.
Killer T cells attack certain pathogens.
Slide15
B Cells
B cells produce chemicals (antibody) that destroy pathogens.
Antibodies fight disease.
Slide16
the immune response
A pathogen enters the body
A macrophage finds it, engulfs and destroys it.
A helper T cell finds it
activates a killer T cell destroys the pathogen
finds a B cell to release antibodies to destroy the pathogen
Slide17Slide18
building immunity
The body builds immunity against a disease when it is exposed to pathogens.
immunity
– the ability to resist or recover from an infectious disease. You are born with some immunities, develop some from being exposed to pathogens and can be vaccinated for others.
Slide19
building immunity
Your body has billions of T and B cells but it doesn’t produce very many for each pathogen.
Once you are exposed to a certain pathogen, like chicken pox, your T and B cells produce memory cells.
The next time you are exposed to that pathogen, the memory cells trigger the production of a large number of T and B cells for that pathogen.
Slide20
vaccination
vaccine
– a substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens that is introduced into the body to provide immunity.
The vaccine triggers the body to make memory cells.
Edward Jenner was the first scientist to create a vaccine. It was for small pox.
Slide21
challenges to the immune system
A healthy immune system is very good at keeping us from being sick.
However, we are exposed to challenges to out immune systems all the time.
allergies
cancer
immune deficiency
auto-immune disease
Slide22
allergy
- disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance.
pollen
dust
mold
food
medicineanimals
Slide23
cancer
- disease in which cells multiply uncontrollably, destroying healthy tissue.
Can exist in a tumor or can spread in the blood.
Cause:
genetics
chemicals
Slide24
immune deficiency
– some disease cause the immune system to become weak.
The most common for humans is HIV which is the virus that causes AIDS. It causes the immune system to fail.
Slide25
HIV Virus
The virus that causes aids
The virus gets into T cells and reproduces inside of them
As the T cells die, the body loses it’s ability to fight disease
Slide26
auto-immune disease
– a disease in which the immune system attacks itself.
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DownloadNote - The PPT/PDF document "The Immune Syste m Before the 1900’s, ..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Presentations text content in The Immune Syste m Before the 1900’s, no one knew what caused sickness and infection
The Immune System
Slide2Before the 1900’s, no one knew what caused sickness and infection
Most people thought evil spirits, swamp gas, or bad luck caused disease
Slide3science history
Louis Pasteur
Theorized that microbes caused disease and killing them could prevent illness.
Joseph Lister
Theorized that microbes caused infection. One of the first surgeons to disinfect instruments.
Robert Koch
Began linking certain pathogens to certain illnesses. Example:
botulinum
causes food poisoning.
Slide4Functions
To keep out or to fight pathogens that enter your body.
To recognize and attack foreign substances in the body.
Slide5organs
skin
white blood cells
macrophage
T cell
B cell
Slide6pathogen – something that causes illness. Pathogens can be a virus, bacteria, protein, fungi or
protist
.
virus
bacteria
protein
fungiprotist
Slide7external defenses
Your body’s first line of defense against pathogens is to create a barrier.
skin
breathing passages
mouth
stomach
Slide8skin
Your skin acts as a barrier to keep pathogens out.
Slide9breathing passages
Small hairs in your nose and trachea help trap pathogens.
They can cause you to sneeze or cough to try and expel the pathogens.
Slide10mouth and stomach
Saliva and stomach acid can kill some pathogens.
Vomiting can also expel pathogens.
Slide11internal defenses
If a pathogen makes it past the external defenses, the internal defenses begin;
i
nflammation
– happens with cuts and injuries
fever – body raises your temperature to try and kill the pathogens.immune response – white blood cells are produced.
Slide12Immune response
white blood cells
– cells that travel though the bloodstream and body searching out pathogens. The three types are macrophages, T cells and B cells.
Slide13macrophages
Destroys pathogens by engulfing and digesting them.
Slide14T Cells
Helper T cells travel throughout the body looking for pathogens.
Killer T cells attack certain pathogens.
Slide15B Cells
B cells produce chemicals (antibody) that destroy pathogens.
Antibodies fight disease.
Slide16the immune response
A pathogen enters the body
A macrophage finds it, engulfs and destroys it.
A helper T cell finds it
activates a killer T cell destroys the pathogen
finds a B cell to release antibodies to destroy the pathogen
Slide17Slide18building immunity
The body builds immunity against a disease when it is exposed to pathogens.
immunity
– the ability to resist or recover from an infectious disease. You are born with some immunities, develop some from being exposed to pathogens and can be vaccinated for others.
Slide19building immunity
Your body has billions of T and B cells but it doesn’t produce very many for each pathogen.
Once you are exposed to a certain pathogen, like chicken pox, your T and B cells produce memory cells.
The next time you are exposed to that pathogen, the memory cells trigger the production of a large number of T and B cells for that pathogen.
Slide20vaccination
vaccine
– a substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens that is introduced into the body to provide immunity.
The vaccine triggers the body to make memory cells.
Edward Jenner was the first scientist to create a vaccine. It was for small pox.
Slide21challenges to the immune system
A healthy immune system is very good at keeping us from being sick.
However, we are exposed to challenges to out immune systems all the time.
allergies
cancer
immune deficiency
auto-immune disease
Slide22allergy
- disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance.
pollen
dust
mold
food
medicineanimals
Slide23cancer
- disease in which cells multiply uncontrollably, destroying healthy tissue.
Can exist in a tumor or can spread in the blood.
Cause:
genetics
chemicals
Slide24immune deficiency
– some disease cause the immune system to become weak.
The most common for humans is HIV which is the virus that causes AIDS. It causes the immune system to fail.
Slide25HIV Virus
The virus that causes aids
The virus gets into T cells and reproduces inside of them
As the T cells die, the body loses it’s ability to fight disease
Slide26auto-immune disease
– a disease in which the immune system attacks itself.
Rheumatoid arthritis is one example.
Slide27Preventing Infectious Disease
Don’t share items that touch your mouth
Wash hands frequently
Cover mouth when sneezing or coughing
Get 8 hours of sleep
Eat a well-balanced diet
Regular exercise
Slide28