PPT-The Ocean-Atmosphere Connection, Winds & Surface Curren

Geosc040 Lecture 9 Feb9 2016 Somewhere Beyond The Sea Sinatra Ocean Avenue Yellowcard Thanks to Caitlyn N and Alexandra B Thermohaline circulation Online Assignments 4 amp 5 . Early ocean studies. For much of human history, knowledge of the ocean and its currents was not recorded for many reasons - most sailors could not write and information was passed orally.. European nations began systematic ocean explorations but kept information secret between the 15. strategies for coupled 4D-Var data assimilation using an idealised atmosphere-ocean model. Polly Smith, Alison . Fowler & Amos . Lawless. School of Mathematical and Physical . Sciences, . University of . s. Warm. . currents flow . away. from the . equator.. Cold. currents flow . toward. the . equator.. Ocean Currents. Sun. Wind. Coriolis. Effect. Gravity. Factors Influencing Currents. Energy from the Sun heats the water.. Redux. The separated Gulf Stream (GS) is one of the ocean ‘hot spots’ for heat and water loss to the atmosphere. Under this area of enhanced surface exchange, the ocean responds by altering its stratification and forming a water mass with deep winter mixed layers of up to 500m thickness. In the North Atlantic Ocean, this subtropical mode water is called Eighteen Degree Water (EDW). Data indicate that frontal processes are important in EDW formation: much like atmospheric convection can be affected by atmospheric frontal dynamics that does not exist in a simple 1-D atmospheric boundary layer response to heating from below. isopycnic. grids. Rainer Bleck, Shan Sun, . Haiqin. Li, Stan Benjamin. NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Boulder, Colorado. April 2016. Design . goals. :. (some reached, some pending). Global domain. Arnaud Czaja. a.czaja@imperial.ac.uk. Outline. Monday Part 1: What drives oceanic & atmospheric motions? . Monday Part 2: Geostrophic balance . Tuesday Part 3: Frictional & . diabatic. effects. Weather. Whether the weather be fine,. Or whether the weather be not,. Whether the weather be cold,. Or whether the weather be hot,. We'll whether the weather. Whatever the weather. Whether we like it or not. Learning objectives:. Major Climatic Controls. Know the structure of the atmosphere and its heat budget. Understand atmospheric circulation and surface winds. Know how latitude, altitude and ocean circulation affect climate.. How do different currents form. What is upwelling. What do ocean currents transfer. Predict. T F. Ocean currents are always cold. C. ontinents affect the direction of currents. Currents only flow near the surface of the ocean. Inertial . Oscillations. :. A fluid parcel is initially at . (. x. o. ,y. o. ) . and “pushed” with a velocity . u. o. . = . u. (. x. ,t. =0) = (. u. o. , . v. o. ).. It is then allowed to move freely on a rotating earth.. For much of human history, knowledge of the ocean and its currents was not recorded for many reasons - most sailors could not write and information was passed orally.. European nations began systematic ocean explorations but kept information secret between the 15. Polly Smith, Alison . Fowler & Amos . Lawless. School of Mathematical and Physical . Sciences, . University of . Reading, UK.. Introduction (1). Typically, . initial conditions for coupled atmosphere-ocean model forecasts . Ocean Current Layers. Surface Currents. . – . top . 10% of the ocean; upper 400 m. Deep Currents . – lower 90% of the ocean. Properties . of . Ocean . Water . How they impact ocean currents. Temperature. April 19 and 20, 2018. Mark A. Bourassa. 1. Ernesto Rodriguez. 2. . and Sarah Gille. 3. Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies. and Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University.