A Clinical Sport Psychological Perspective Kendra Ogletree Cusaac PhD Licensed Clinical Psychologist Sport Psychologist University of South Carolina OBJECTIVES To understand the context of ID: 611104
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Traumatic brain injury and athletes:
A Clinical Sport Psychological Perspective
Kendra Ogletree Cusaac, Ph.D.
Licensed Clinical Psychologist
Sport Psychologist
University of South CarolinaSlide2
OBJECTIVES
To understand the context of sport, TBI, and its importance in sportTo understand the psychological, emotional, and cognitive consequences of TBI on athletes and sport environment
To understand the role of the clinical sport psychologist and other sport medicine personnelSlide3
NFL to spend $765M to settle concussion lawsuitsSlide4
A little history…. Slide5
Sport CULTURE perspective
Expectations of athletesHow concussions are perceived
Which
sports are most at risk?
Developmental issuesSlide6
prevalence
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 200,000 sports-related head injuries are treated in emergency departments annually within the United States and that sports related concussions accounts for approximately 20% of all TBIs per year.Slide7
Boxing #1 sport FOR Mtbi incidenceSlide8
PREVALENCE
A history of concussion among athletes varies by sport (from highest upper estimates to lowest):Equestrian (3%-91%)Boxing
(1%-70%)
Rugby
(2%-25%)Soccer (4%-22%)
American
football (2%-20%)Slide9
Developmental issues
TBI: Athletes vs. NonathletesConcussions occur at all levels of play
Young athletes (under 18 years old) vs. older athletes (over 18 years old)
Male athletes vs. female athletes
NCAAMultiple Concussions
Second Impact Syndrome
KROLL’S PERSONALITY PERFORMANCE PYRAMIDSlide10
Multiple concussions
Athletes who have previously sustained a concussion are more than two times likely to sustain a second concussion and may be more likely to experience a greater number and perceived severity of post concussive symptoms.Slide11
Effects of Tbi
http://nortonsafe.search.ask.com/videos?geo=US&q=JIM+MCMAHON&prt=360&locale=en_US&o=15527&chn=retail&ver=20&tpr=10Slide12
SIGNS OF TBI
Signs are behaviors/events that are observable by others:Loss of consciousness
A dazed or vacant look
Motor
incoordination/balance problemsOn-field confusion/disorientationSlide13
SYMPTOMS OF TBISlide14
Somatic symptoms OF TBI
HeadacheNausea/vomitingBalance problemsDizzinessFuzzy/blurry vision
Low energy/fatigue
Light/noise sensitivitySlide15
COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS OF TBI
Memory DysfunctionAttention ProblemsMental “fogginess”Cognitive slowing
FatigueSlide16
Psychological/EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS OF TBI
More emotionalSadnessAnxietyIrritabilityNegative/pessimistic attitude
Personality changesSlide17
Sleep and other disturbances
Difficulty falling asleepSleeping more/less than usualSexual disorders and problemsLoss of interest in sexRelationship difficulties
Substance use and abuseSlide18
ATHLETES VS. NONATHLETES AND TBI
MotivationReturn to play pressures and desires
Underreporting
of symptoms/symptom
minimizationSlide19
Assessment and management of tbi
Acute evaluation on the fieldSideline or locker room
evaluation
Formal
postacute neurocognitive assessmentGraded progression of physical exertion Unrestricted
return to
playSlide20
Emotional sequelae of tbi in athletes
The research reports on short-term emotional distress following concussion reveal transient depression, feelings of fatigue and reduced energy levels, confusion, and overall mood disturbance.Slide21
Psychologists’ responsibilities
To educate athletes, their families, coaches, physicians, athletic trainers, and policy makers to recognize and appropriately manage this complex injury. In doing so, we will more effectively enhance player safety and prevent disabling symptoms.Slide22
prevention
EquipmentNew prototype helmetsRule changesPenalties and fines
On the field evaluation
Return to play
Successive head traumaEducation: Athletes, Coaches, ParentsSlide23
QUESTIONS???Slide24
Traumatic brain injury and athletes:
A Clinical Sport Psychological Perspective
Kendra Ogletree Cusaac, Ph.D.
Licensed Clinical Psychologist
Sport PsychologistUniversity of South Carolina
Email:
ogletree@mailbox.sc.edu