PREPARED UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR ARUN KUMAR ASSTT PROFESSOR IIT DELHI Prepared by Purbashree Sarmah2014CEV2092 Surya Sujathan2014CEV2094 Madhur Chachondia2014CEV2586 Ganga water facing ID: 294827
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UV disinfection of coliform bacteria in the Ganga waterPREPARED UNDER THE GUIDANCE OFDR. ARUN KUMARASSTT PROFESSOR IIT DELHI
Prepared by:Purbashree Sarmah(2014CEV2092)Surya Sujathan(2014CEV2094)Madhur Chachondia(2014CEV2586)Slide2
Ganga water facing water quality deterioration:River’s importance in Indian culture dense population residing at its banksfaces several forced and unforced human activitiesIn the sites it was observed that the TVC values were relatively higher in holy places
(Sood et al., 2008) In
this review
paper, effectiveness of Ultraviolet irradiation on coliform bacteria inactivation in the Ganga water is reviewed.
INTRODUCTIONSlide3
Figure1: Example of UV Disinfection Equipment (USEPA, 2006, UV Disinfection Guidance Manual; Severn Trent Services)METHOD USED: UV Disinfection MethodGermicidal action mainly due to UV-C light on microorganisms.Consists of UV reactors that efficiently delivers the required dose for microbial inactivation.The microbial response is given by the 1st order kinetic Equation as shown below:
Where N0 = Concentration of infectious microorganisms before exposure to UV light
N
= Concentration of infectious microorganisms after exposure to UV lightUV reactors made of open/closed channel vessels containing:
UV lamps
lamp sleeves
UV sensors
temperature sensorsSlide4
Our sample where E coli was present in maximum quantity of about 27CFU if we apply all the best options we may get up to 4 log reduction.ParametersVarious option from different journalsBest option(log reduction up to 4)
ChallengePre treatment
UV Light Generation and Propagation
UV-LEDs,
high-pressure mercury vapor lamp with side glowing optical fiber, LP, MP, PUV with pulsed xenon source
PUV with pulsed xenon
source with side glowing optical
fibre
Costly than other methods. Maintenance is difficult
Sedimentation, Filtration
UV Dose-Response
UV-LEDs with 10.8, 13.8, 56.9 mJ/cm2, High-pressure mercury vapor lamp with17.2 mW/cm2, PUV with 3 mJ/cm2PUV with 3 mJ/cm2Costly Sedimentation, FiltrationWavelength265nm, 280nm, 310 nm, 254 nm, 200nm, 270 nm254 nmDifficult to maintainSedimentation, FiltrationTurbidity14 NTU, 0.67 NTU, 10 NTU, 0 NTU, 2.2 NTU, 6.5 NTU, 10.2 NTU0-10 NTUWater should be filtered until getting the required standardSedimentation, Filtration
PRESENT STATUS
Table 1: Final table for different parameters affecting UV disinfection from different journalsSlide5
To achieve better disinfection following may can be adopted:Optical fibre can be used to ensure uniform distribution within the UV reactor.Pre treatment such as coagulation, sedimentation and filtration can be adopted to reduce high turbidity and organic matter present in Ganga water.UV reactors can be improved to make process more economical so as to improve its popularity compared to chlorine disinfection.POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVEMENTSlide6
FUTURE SCOPEAmple quantitative information is needed to study the effect of micro-organism-related factors like :Different environmental species encountered in waterDNA repair mechanism Differences in spectral sensitivity in various micro-organismsFurther research is required in accurate analysis of water flows and UV intensity over UV reactors, using CFD so as to achieve simple, reliable and cheap in situ process control systems.
Further research can be done on the optimum use of optical fibre to achieve more economy.Slide7
UV disinfection is best method for disinfection as it requires no chemical consumption thus:Saves large scale storage space Transportation and managing costSafety hazards related issues
High removal of 99.99% can be attained if used under optimum operational conditions.Does not give toxic byproducts such as trihalomethanes
.
But it is not very cost effective compared
to chlorine disinfection .
It
cannot give any residual because of which it is more popular only for POU systems.
CONCLUSIONSlide8
AnchalSood, Kamal Deep Singh, PiyushPandey, Shivesh Sharma, 2008, “Assessment of bacterial indicators and physicochemical parameters to investigate pollution status of Gangetic river system of Uttarakhand (India)”, Ecological Indicators 8 ( 2008 ) 709 – 717
Andreza B. Silva, Nelson M. Lima Filho, Maria A.P.F. Palha
, Sandra M.
Sarmento, 2012, “Kinetics of water disinfection using UV-C radiation”, Fuel 110 (2013) 114–123
BrahmiMounaouer
,
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; “Ultraviolet Radiation for Microorganism Inactivation in Wastewater”, 2011, Journal of Environmental Protection, 2012, 3, 194-202.
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Gang Lu, Chaolin Li *, YinggangZheng, Qian Zhang, Juan Peng, Ming Fu, 2008, “A novel fiber optical device for ultraviolet disinfection of water”, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.Gates, F.L., 1930. A study of the bactericidal action of ultraviolet light, III: the absorption of ultraviolet light by bacteria.J.Gen.Physiol.13, 31–42.Halliday, D., R. Resnick. 1978. Physics. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Hoyer, O., 2004. Water disinfection with UV radiation—requirements and realization. In: Proceedings of the European Conference UV Karlsruhe, UV radiation. Effects and Technologies, September 22–24, 2003, KarlsruheKumiko Oguma, Ryo Kita, Hiroshi Sakai, MichioMurakami, Satoshi Takizawa, 2013, “Application of UV light emitting diodes to batch and flow-through water disinfection systems” Desalination 328 (2013) 24–30. Linden, K.G., Shin, G., Sobsey, M.D., 2001. Comparative effectiveness of UV wavelengths for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water.Water Sci. Technol.43, 171–174.REFERENCESSlide9
Meulemans, C.C.E. 1986. The basic principles of UV-sterilization of water. In: Ozone +Ultraviolet Water Treatment, Aquatec Amsterdam, Paris: International OzoneAssociation. Miller, R., Jeffrey, W., Mitchell, D., Elasri, M., 1999. Bacterial responses to ultraviolet light.Am. Soc.Microbi ol.65, 535–541. Oguma, K., Katayama, H.,
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Robert G. Qualls, Michael P. Flynn, J. Donald Johnson , 2013, “ The role of suspended particle in ultraviolet disinfection”, Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), Vol. 55, No. 10 (Oct., 1983), pp. 1280-1285
Ruby Pandey,
DivyaRaghuvanshi
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Physico-Chemical Parameters of River Ganga at Allahabad With Respect To WQI”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 9, September 2014T.Wang, S.J.MacGregor , J.G. Anderson, G.A. Woolsey, 2005, “Pulsed ultra-violet inactivation spectrum of Escherichia coli”, The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, 204 George Street, Glasgow G1 1XW, UKUSEPA, 2006, “Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidance Manual for the final long term 2 enhanced surface water treatment rule”, Office of Water (4601), EPA 815-R-06-007W.A.M. Hijnen, E.F. Beerendonk, G.J. Medema, 2005, “Inactivation credit of UV radiation for viruses, bacteria and protozoan (oo)cysts in water: A review”, Kiwa Water Research Ltd., P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.REFERENCES contd..