Where germs lurk - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Where germs lurk

What are some common illnesses around your home and school? What symptoms alert you to the fact that you or someone else might be sick?

zSlide2

GERM QUIZ

Which item has the most germs?

A. Handbag (purse)

B. Toilet SeatC. TV RemoteD. Refrigerator Handle

Germs are most likely to thrive in this room of the house:

A. Kitchen

B. Bedroom

C. Bathroom

D. Office Slide3

GERM QUIZ

Which item contains the most germs in a household?

A. Desk

B. Light SwitchC. Toilet SeatD. Cell Phone

How many species of microbe live in the human mouth?

A. 5

B. 50

C. 500

D. > 700Slide4

GERM QUIZ

Germs can escape a flushing toilet and contaminate things in the bathroom – such as toothbrushes.

A. True

B. False

How did influenza get it’s name?

A. Because people thought disease came from the chimney flue

B. Because people thought the flue was cause by the evil influence of the stars

C. From the Italian word for fever and aches

D. Because it was the last name of the scientist who discovered the virusSlide5

GERM QUIZ

What’s the beset place for your toothbrush?

A. The medicine cabinet

B. On top of the toiletC. On the bathroom sink

D. Near your bedroom window

Of these options, which is the best way to stop the spread of disease?

A. Antibiotics

B. Surgical Masks

C. Hand Washing

D. Rubber Gloves Slide6

GERM QUIZ

It takes germs at least five seconds to contaminate food that has fallen on the floor.

A. True

B. False

Kitchens are a germ hot spot. Which item is typically the worst offender?

A. Kitchen Faucet

B. Cutting Board

C. Sponge or Dishcloth

D. Kitchen Sink Drain Area

E. Refrigerator Handle Slide7

GERM QUIZ

Makeup tester projects at department stores are safe because clerks sanitize them between uses.

A. True

B. False

When we can finally eliminate germs, humans will be much better off.

A. True

B. False Slide8

pATHOGEN

A MICROORGANISM THAT CAUSES DISEASE

Bacteria

: single cell microorganism that can produce toxins which kill cells or interfere with their functionStrep throatPinkeye

tuberculosis

Virus

: piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat that invades a cell

Common cold

Mononucleosis

Chicken pox

Fungi

: plantlike organism that can cause disease

Athletes foot

RingwormSlide9

Infectious Agent/Disease

Any pathogen that can cause a disease.

Bacillus

anthracis-

causes anthrax

Streptococcus

causes strep throat

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus

aureus

 (MRSA)

- causes life threatening skin infections that progress to the heart and brainSlide10

Reservoir

The place where the

microorganism normally lives, grows, and multiplies

Many common infectious diseases have human or animal reservoirs. Plants

, soil, and water in the environment are also

reservoirs

A

carrier

is a person who doesn’t know they are infected but can still share the pathogen with othersSlide11

Portal of Exit

The place where the organism leaves the reservoir, such as the nose, mouth, blood, etc.

U

sually corresponds to the site where the organism is localized.

For example: strep throat can be shared if an infected person sneezes on someone else.Slide12

Means of Transmission

The means by which an organism transfers from one carrier to another.

Direct

Direct contact

-

occurs through skin-to-skin

contact (like stepping on a rusty nail),

kissing,

childbirth,

&

sexual intercourse

Droplet

spread-

spray

with relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or even talking. 

Indirect

Airborne

-

occurs when infectious agents are carried by dust or droplet nuclei suspended in air. 

Vehicle borne-

 indirectly transmit an infectious agent include food, water,

blood,

and fomites

(objects

such as handkerchiefs, bedding,

doorknobs,

etc.

)

Vector borne

(mechanical or biologic

)-

such as mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks may carry an infectious agent Slide13

Portal of Entry

The opening where an infectious disease enters the host’s body such as mucus membranes, open wounds, etc.

The

portal of entry must provide access to tissues in which the disease can multiply or a toxin can act.

Often

, infectious agents use the same portal to enter a new host that they used to exit the source host. Slide14

Susceptible Host

The person who is at risk for developing an infection from the disease.

Several factors make a person more susceptible to disease including: age, conditions that weaken the immune system, genetic

factors, nonspecific factors that affect an individual’s ability to resist

infection. Slide15

Common Communicable Diseases

Respiratory infections: colds, influenza, pneumonia, strep throat, tuberculosis

Liver infections: hepatitis, jaundice, cirrhosis

Skin infections: staph, athletes footMononucleosisMeaslesMeningitis

Chicken PoxSlide16

Ways to Break the ChainSlide17

How will you break the chain?Slide18

To stop the Infectious Disease

Identify individuals who are infected or colonized

T

reat the infection as soon as possibleClean surfaces (decontaminate), then disinfect themWASH HANDSSlide19

To isolate the Reservoir

Medical treatment and testing

Quarantine the area or person that is infected

Environmental sanitation like insect and rodent eradicationWASH HANDSSlide20

To Avoid the Portal of Exit

Masks

Covering mouth while coughing

Trash and waste disposalControl secretions and excretions- flush the toilet & throw away dirty tissuesSlide21

TO interrupt the Means of Transmission

Avoid infected individuals

Abstinence

Sanitary practicesProper food handlingSlide22

To protect the Portal of Entry

Masks

Insect repellant

Wound careHand hygieneSlide23

To avoid being a Susceptible Host

Immunization

Health promotion

Medical treatmentInform high risk people to beware of the diseaseSlide24
Slide25

How to stay well

Drink at least 2 quarts of fluids per day. (caffeine, carbonation, & alcohol don’t count).

Get plenty of rest

Eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables

WASH YOUR HANDS!!!Slide26

How to avoid catching a cold

Keep at least 3 feet away from coughers and sneezers

Take care in closed spaces

Wash your hands often!

Sterilize sponges

Get a good nights sleep

Eat a well balanced diet

Exercise regularlySlide27

Who Gets the drug?

There has been an outbreak of a new Type A related virus for which no known human immunity exists. The mortality rate for this infection is 15% of the population. The research section of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported that the most common antiviral medication Tamiflu has been shown to be effective in treating people who have gotten this mysterious virus. There is enough Tamiflu to give to 1/10 of the American population within the next 10 days and within 2 months there will be enough produced to address the next 40% of the American population. The other 50% of the population will have to wait up to 6 months. Slide28

Who gets the drug?

You are a member of the Health and Human Services’ decision-making staff who is to decide which people will get the available drug immediately and those individuals who will get the next level of anti-viral drugs available.

Your team is to

rank in order to 1-5 in importance the people who will get the first available dose

and those who will get the 2

nd

available dose. The remaining people will have to wait past the 30-day production period.

You will

present your choices to the class

. You will provide a reason for your choices. Slide29

Who gets the drug?

Teachers and other school employees

Students ages 5-18

Health care workersState government employeesChildren ages 0-5

Parents of children ages 0-5

Public servants (police and firemen)

Automobile industry employees

Food industry employees

Utility industry employees (power, gas, garbage)

Farm workers

President and the cabinet

Center for Disease Control researchers

Bank employees

Homeland security employees

Religious leaders

Adults ages 20-40, determined to be at highest risk for symptoms

Adults ages 40-60, determined to be at lowest risk for symptoms.