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T he Ancient World a case study of Lake Mungo Research guide Year 11 Student Name Teacher Name 1 Ancient History Year 11 ID: 573312

ancient history year mungo history ancient mungo year week lesson lake hypothesis years 000 australia people site task aboriginal

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Slide1

Ancient HistoryThe Ancient World: a case study of Lake Mungo

Research guide Year 11 Student Name:_____________________________________________Teacher Name:_____________________________________________

1

Ancient History - Year 11Slide2

Preamble:

 We, as a class, acknowledge and recognise the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people,

of this country and

their

elders past and present, as the traditional owners and managers for Australia.

TASK:Think about this statement. We will be having a class discussion on your hypothesis, your educated opinion on this topic in week 7. Over the first 6 weeks of this study you will be given access to resources that will allow you to develop your hypothesis.Extension Task: Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write a 400 word essay with four references, 2 primary sources and 2 secondary sources, to explain your hypothesis.

Week 1 - Lesson 1/34

Ancient History - Year 11

2Slide3

Unit Overview: This unit involves an investigation of how the ancient world has been interpreted and represented.

Students will investigate the Lake Mungo archaeological site and explore these interpretations and representations of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, their history and culture. This unit focuses on issues relevant to the investigation of the ancient world and builds on the historical skills students garnered from Year 7 – 10.

Week 1 - Lesson 1/34

Ancient History - Year 11

3Slide4

Weekly Lesson Overview

Week 1; Classroom expectations, access ICT for study guide, Choose ICT Champions to act as buddies, Assessment tasks; formative and summative, Form collaborative groups, Key words, concepts and terms, Background to Ancient History and its study, context for this case study: Lake Mungo archaeological site, mapping task, weekly quiz and further resources, Hypothesis writing, Consolidation Quiz Fridays.

Week 2; Living conditions, Social

construction and

differences, The global context of early human settlements, Egypt 12,000 years ago, Mini maths lesson (Integer Maths Practice) , Source analysis, Environment transformation, Preparation for presentation assessment taskWeek 3

; Science: facts or fiction, Authority and interpretation, mini lesson – data, tables and correlation, Source analysis, Scientific theories prior to 1970Week 4; Cultural heritage – whose? And what does it mean?, Social Darwinism as applied to cultural heritage, The current state of repatriation of remainsWeek 5; Review and catch up for presentation task, Presentations, Hypothesis review and consolidation lesson

Week 6; Differences

in representations, by Scientists, of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and how the discoveries at Lake Mungo changed this, Source Analysis evaluation

review, Data

analysis

Week 7

; Watch

Social Exclusion Power Point presentation:

Myths

of Aus’ class discussion on identity and how representations from the Ancient world have informed attitudes and views in modern context. Consolidate how to write hypothesis, using preamble on page 2, and source analysis, consolidation quiz of the Lake Mungo archaeological site.Week 8; the British Museum, Australian Museums, Archaeological sites in Australia today, Joint management of archaeological sitesWeek 9; Review and edit Research guide and written research assignment, hand in all assessment tasks, Completion of extension tasks, Final Consolidation quizWeek 10; Students with low ability, students with missed assignments or absenteeism will be able to catch up on study guide research book activities, catch up on weekly quizzes, complete research assignments and tasks

Week 1 - Lesson 1/34

Ancient History - Year 11

4Slide5

Assessment Tasks:

Assessment Task 1Presentation Task:

This assessment task is aimed at students developing a strong understanding of the use historical skills to investigate different representations of the ancient world, and use a range of evidence to support and communicate a historical explanation or argument.

Students

work in mixed ability collaborative groups to design a 90 sec – 1 minute speech or presentation, with audio, on: a timeline contrast between Egyptian people and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians 12,000 years ago.

This will be highly scaffolded speech structure.Task Due week 4 Format: Multimedia or Poster presentation to class

Timing: 3minsWord Count: 500

Assessment Task

2

Written Research Assignment

This assessment is aimed at students developing a strong cultural understanding of how the anthropological site of Lake Mungo in Australia has been interpreted and represented in Australia and the global context and the impact of these representations have had on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

They

will do this by;

Investigating

the reasons why

one key idea emerged or developed regarding these people The long term impacts of one of these ideas in the Australian context

.

Task Due week 9

After researching your

key idea or topic

you will present your findings as a formal academic essay. Your essay must include the following:

Format: Academic EssayIncorporates quotes and references from at least 6 sources, minimum 4 primary and 2 secondary sources.Has a bibliographyWord Count: 800 – 1000

Week 1Lesson 1/34

Ancient History - Year 11

5Slide6

Inquiry questions for this unit:1. The interpretation and representation, by archaeologists and anthropologists, of early human settlements, in Australia,

led theories of development and beliefs regarding Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. What were the impacts of these representations for these people?2. Who should have the final say in what happens to archaeological sites and their artefacts or remains?

Ancient History - Year 11

6Slide7

Weekly Key words, concepts and terms: week 1

archaeologicalhominidscremated funerary ceremonyhuman

habitation red ochreHypothesisKYA

Access the internet to locate a definition for the Key words, concepts and terms

REMEMBER to reference your work (where did you find your answers)

Write your answers (in your own words) on the next pageWeek 1 Lesson 1/34Ancient History - Year 11

7Slide8

Write/type your rephrased definitions for all key words terms and concepts here.

archaeologicalHominids

cremated funerary ceremony

human

habitation red ochre

HypothesisPreambleKYAWeek 1 - Lesson 1/34Ancient History - Year 11

8Slide9

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Mungo

Lake Mungo is a dry lake located in south-eastern Australia, in the south-western portion of New South Wales. It is about 760 km due west of Sydney and 90 km north-east of Mildura. The lake is the central feature of Mungo National Park, and is one of seventeen lakes in the World Heritage listed Willandra Lakes Region. Many important

archaeological findings have been made at the lake, most significantly the discovery of the remains of Mungo Man

, the oldest human remains found in Australia

and Mungo Lady, the oldest human remains in the world to be ritually cremated.

http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/~/media/NPWS/Images/Parks/Mungo-National-Park/walls-of-china-images/walls-of-china-01.ashx" />

Week 1 - Lesson 1/34

Ancient History - Year 11

9Slide10

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Willandra_Lakes.png

Part of the Willandra Lakes system: Lake Mulurulu,

Willandra Creek,

Garnpung

Lake, Lake Leaghur, Lake Mungo, Lake

Arumpo, Chibnalwood LakesThe Willandra Lakes Region is a World Heritage Site in the Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The Willandra Lakes Region is the traditional meeting place of the

Muthi Muthi, Nyiampaar and Barkinji Aboriginal tribes.

The 240,000-hectare (590,000-acre) area was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1981.

(https

://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willandra_Lakes_Region

)

Week 1 Lesson 1/34

Ancient History - Year 11

10Slide11

The most important findings at Lake Mungo have been Mungo Man and

Mungo Lady. Mungo Lady, a partially cremated body, was discovered in 1969 by Dr Jim Bowler from the Australian National University (ANU).

Mungo Lady was only partially cremated before the remainder of her bones were crushed. The time that was taken into her burial is demonstration of

complex funerary ceremony. She was initially estimated to be 25,000 years old, although a more recent multi-university study in 2003 determined that she was probably closer to 40,000 years old. Mungo Lady is thus the earliest known human to have been cremated. Mungo Man was also discovered by Dr Bowler, on 26 February 1974. The remains were covered with red ochre

, in what is the earliest known incidence of such a burial practice. Red ochre is commonly used in burials for ritualistic purposes. The site was dated using OSL dating, or luminescence dating. The site is dated to be 60 KYA. (http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Mungo

Ancient History - Year 11

11Slide12

Week 1 – ReflectionsWhat have I learnt? What did I already know?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What do I want to learn? What do I need to know?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What questions do I have? Am I clear on what I am required to do?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ancient History - Year 11

12Slide13

Guide to Hypothesis writing for Assessment task 2

The development of a hypothesis is very important in Ancient History. It is the basis for how we form our research questions and how we argue or prove our point of view.It can be a difficult task so please use these examples to guide your development of your written research assignment.

Your hypothesis needs to be specific, relevant and timely. It needs to be based on facts that your have researched. It is an educated opinion. You will need to show relevant, valid and authentic evidence of your hypothesis or educated opinion.

You will need to support it with references to your sources of information.

Week 1 Lesson 2/34

Ancient History - Year 1113Slide14

Hypothesis examples:

Week 1 Lesson 2/34

Poorly written

Well written

Droughts in Australia cause hardships for farmers. While this is a fact of life for farmers it is too broad a statement to make a good hypothesis The hardship of droughts in the 1980s caused many South – East Queensland farmers to reassess the viability of their farming

methods.This is good yet we can improve it by being very specific? What particular farming methods?Droughts in Australia during the 1980s caused hardship to farmers.This is still too broad a theme to make research on this theme specific and defined.Is it all farmers across Australia in the 1980s that you are wanting to provide a hypothesis for?

A questions this broad would be difficult to research or prove one way or another.

The hardship of droughts in the 1980s caused many South – East Queensland farmers to reassess the viability of monocultural

agriculture.

This is very specific. We have identified in our question the time, place and people that our hypothesis is discussing along with the specific issue and theme we are discussing. This will make research easier.

Use this space to practise writing your own Hypothesis.

Ancient History - Year 11

14Slide15

Formulating a HypothesisTo begin your process of formulating a hypothesis you will need to think about what you wish to study.

Our model text will be the preamble on page 2 of this study guide.You will need to do some preliminary readings to focus your research question.For example the preamble on page 2. Do you agree or disagree with the statement?Depending on your point of view you will now need to find sources that reflect your belief.Remember that a hypothesis is an educated opinion.

You will need to evaluate your sources and we will learn more about primary and secondary sources and source evaluation in lesson 1 week 2.

Week 1 lesson 2/34

Ancient History - Year 11

15Slide16

Week 1 lesson 2/34

STEP 1:What is my topic? What am I investigating?Who or what am I writing about, when did this happen, where did this happen.

What do I think happened? Do I agree or disagree with a statement. How do I prove my point?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ancient History - Year 11

16Slide17

Week 1 lesson 2/34

Now I need to read about my topic. I need to gather my sourcesAncient History - Year 11

17Slide18

Essay writing resources: PETAL Paragraph structure

Week 1 Lesson 3/34

Ancient History - Year 11

18Slide19

Essay writing resources: Topic Sentence Task sheet

Week 1 Lesson 3/34P -This hypothesis acknowledges and recognises Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as the traditional owners and managers of Australia.

E - This is because the research from sites like Lake Mungo provide evidence that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have been living in Australia for over 40,000 years.

T - Human remains and other artefacts from this site have been dated, using recognised scientific methods, and this confirms Lake Mungo as a site of human habitation for aeons.

A - These artefacts along with oral history recounts by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in this region indicate a continuing relationship with this country. L- It is respectful to acknowledge this relationship and recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, their history and cultural heritage, past and present.

Response in the affirmative for the preamble:Ancient History - Year 1119Slide20

Essay writing resources: Topic Sentence Task sheet

Week 1 Lesson 3/34

TASK

LESSON INTENT:

Using the

preamble

from page 2 of the research

guide construct a paragraph to explain your

hypothesis for this statement – Do you agree or disagree

You will use this for discussion in week 7

Name:

Topic Sentence

 

PETAL

P - The statement outlining the key focus area or your topic.

E - An explanation of the key focus area or your topic.

T - An explanation of the sources and information used to support the key focus area or your topic

A - An analysis of the evidence and the key focus area and how they relate to each other.

L - This is the link to the key focus area or your topic

 

TASKS: 

On the next slide/page: 21

Place

the correct capital letter in the boxes so the following sentences are in order to form a coherent PETAL

paragraph.

On

page

22

of this

study

guide

Students will use the PETAL structure to create a paragraph

explaining their hypothesis.

 

 

Time period identified

Tense

Past event/ practices

Need to use past tense

-

ed

suffix indicating past tense

Was - past tense of is

Connectives

Words that signal addition

Alternatives to "and"

as well as

was

also

because

 

Ancient History - Year 11

20Slide21

Week 1 Lesson 3/34

Task: place the correct capital letter in the boxes so the following sentences are in order to form a coherent PETAL paragraph

.

Title

: Lake Mungo case study

Structure

Topic Sentence

 

P – POINT

The statement outlining the key focus area or your topic.

 

E – EXPLANATION

An explanation of the key focus area or your topic.

 

T – THE EVIDENCEAn explanation of the sources and information used to support the key focus area or your topicA – ANALYSIS

An analysis of the evidence and the key focus area and how they relate to each other.

L – LINKThis is the link to the key focus area or your topic

 

 

 

  This is because the research from sites like Lake Mungo provide evidence that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have been living in Australia for over 40,000 years.  

Human remains and other artefacts from this site have been dated, using recognised scientific methods, and this confirms Lake Mungo as a site of human habitation for aeons.

 

These artefacts along with oral history recounts by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in this region indicate a continuing relationship with this country.

It is respectful to acknowledge this relationship and recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, their history and cultural heritage, past and present.

This hypothesis acknowledges and recognises Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as the traditional owners and managers of Australia.

 

 

 

 

Time period identified

Tense

Past event/ practices

Need to use past tense

-

ed

suffix indicating past tense

Was/ were - past tense of is/are

Connectives

Words that signal

additional information

Alternatives to "and"

as well as

was

also

because

 

 

Ancient History - Year 11

21Slide22

Ancient History - Year 1122

My Hypothesis__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week 1 Lesson 3/34Slide23

Homo sapiens

seem to have appeared in East Africa around 200,000 years ago. The oldest individuals found left their marks in the

Omo remains (195,000 years ago) and the Homo sapiens (160,000 years ago), that was found at the

Middle Awash

site in Ethiopia.[10]When modern humans reached the Near East 125,000 years ago, evidence suggests they retreated back to Africa, as their settlements were replaced by Neanderthals. It is now believed that the first modern humans to spread east across Asia left Africa about 75,000 years ago. From the Near East, some of these people went east to South Asia by 50,000 years ago, and on to

Australia by 46,000 years ago at the latest, when for the first time H. sapiens reached territory never reached by H. erectus. H. sapiens reached Europe around 43,000 years ago,

eventually replacing the Neanderthal population by 24,000 years ago.

Lesson 4/34 Friday computer lab

Ancient History - Year 11

23Slide24

Week 1 lesson 4/34

Key words, terms and conceptsAdd words here to look up in Monday’s lesson

Word/term/concept

Meaning

Homo sapiens

Neanderthals

Ancient History - Year 11

24Slide25

Week 1 - Lesson 4/34

TASK: Locate Lake Mungo on the Interactive map, using the link provided:and mark it on this blank mapExtension Task:

upload a more detailed map of this region with Lake mungo marked on it and save it to your copy of this study guide.Email this copy to possum@edu.au

by Friday week 2

http://mapmaker.education.nationalgeographic.com/?ls=000000000000Ancient History - Year 11

25Slide26

Other well known archaeological sites

Open the hyperlink: http://www.galacticresonance.org/marcahuasi-project-public-google-maps-collection-of-worldwide-archaeological-sites

Now look at the world map of sites. Click on one of the markers and locate information for the site you have selected.

Now enter the site name and relevant information on the blank map on the next slide (p.27)

No more than 150 wordsDo Not cut and paste the text information – you need to reword the information using extended sentencesAncient History - Year 11

26Slide27

Ancient History - Year 11

27Slide28

Mungo Lady & Mungo ManU

sing the hyperlink below watch and answer questions, using extended sentence responses, in table provided.http://www.abc.net.au/archives/80days/stories/2012/01/19/3411523.htm

Mungo Lady:How old are these remains?

____________________________________________________________________________________

When were her remains discovered?____________________________________________________________________________________Mungo Man

MORE QUESTIONS TO BE DEVELOPED10 in allLesson 4/34 Friday QuizAncient History - Year 11

28Slide29

Week 2 Lesson overviewLesson 1

: Computer Lab: Analysis and use of sources; Identify the origin, purpose and context of historical sources (ACHAH007) begin research of sources for analysis in lesson 2 & 3, Lesson 2

: Analyse, interpret and synthesise evidence from different types of sources to develop and sustain a historical argument (ACHAH008) Lesson3: Evaluate

the reliability, usefulness and contestability of sources to develop informed judgments that support a historical argument (ACHAH009)

Ancient History - Year 11

29Slide30

There is evidence of human habitation of the area around Lake Mungo that is as much as 50,000 years old.

Stone tools have been found in the dunes which are older than the Mungo Man. Grinders for making flour have been found which are estimated to be between 5,000 and 10,000 years old; they were made of sandstone sourced from the Murray River basin 100 km away. A stone axe head, estimated to be at least 500 years old, was also found in the dunes; it was made from stone from Mount Camel, near Shepparton, well over 300 km away.

Genetic evidence has supported the theory of multiple waves of

hominids

moving into Australia. The migration is believed to consist of two groups moving into the continent at different periods. This would imply that hominids before 60 kya had the knowledge and skill to create a sturdy and sophisticated sea craft in order to sail all the way to Australia.Ancient History - Year 11

30Week 2 Lesson 1Slide31

Locate, on Internet, pictures of stone tools from this site. Use the internet or magazines that have been provided to paste these on this page.

Ancient History - Year 1131

Week 2 Lesson 1Slide32

The different years for which artefacts and the remains were found puts into debate the actual time in which Australia was inhabited. If it was inhabited 60 thousand years or over, it puts in question the theory that all civilizations derived from Africa.

If, however, Mungo Man and Mungo Lady truly are evidence that Australia has only been inhabited for about 50,000 years, the theory of Africa is stronger than ever. This would put Mungo Man and Mungo Lady's civilization in the same time frame as other civilizations that were just beginning to settle outside of Africa.[5] The discovery of these remains is important to Archaeology because we discover the beginnings of cremation as a burial ritual and in addition we find more evidence for the "out of Africa" theory.

Ancient History - Year 11

32

Week 2 Lesson 1Slide33

What is the significance of this sites age?Discuss this question using extended sentence responses.Word Limit: 300

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ancient History - Year 11

33

Week 2 Lesson 1Slide34

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ancient History - Year 11

34

Week 2 Lesson 1Slide35

The rich archaeological heritage of the site is very significant to the Aboriginal Australian people from the area. The Willandra region is inhabited by the

Barkindji, Nyiampaa and Mutthi Mutthi peoples, who have now entered

Joint Management Agreements with the Government of New South Wales to manage the lake and the

Mungo National Park

.http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/Conservation-programs/mungo-national-park-joint-management-program

Ancient History - Year 1135Slide36

Name the Aboriginal people who are responsible for this site and its management?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ancient History - Year 11

36Slide37

What form of management is in place at this site?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ancient History - Year 11

37Slide38

Negative numbersIn

mathematics, a negative number is a real number that is less than zero. Negative numbers represent opposites. If positive represents movement to the right, negative represents movement to the left. If positive represents above sea level, then negative represents below level.Negative numbers are used to describe values on a scale that goes below zero, such as the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales for temperature.

Negative numbers represent opposites. If positive represents movement to the right, negative represents movement to the left. If positive represents above sea level, then negative represents below level.

In a timeline zero represents ……..

en.wikipedia.org

To prepare for your presentation task, creating a timeline that contrasts Egyptian early human settlement to Australian Indigenous people at 12,000 years ago, we will review integers. http://

www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/history/australian-aboriginal-history-timeline#axzz3ozGWmpm2

Follow this link to find a timeline about Indigenous Australian culture

Ancient History - Year 11

38Slide39

http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--7DExi_oj--/

c_scale,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/18666jebis5bljpg.jpgAncient History - Year 11

39Slide40

REFERENCES:Ancient bones found at Lake Mungo http://

www.abc.net.au/archives/80days/stories/2012/01/19/3411523.htmDistance calculator Sydney to Lake Mungo". Geoscience Australia.Negative numbers en.wikipedia.org

New age for Mungo Man, new human history : Media Releases :The University of Melbourne

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0224_030224_mungoman_2.html

Further Readings:

Ancient History - Year 1140