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Year 7 History Ancient Egypt Year 7 History Ancient Egypt

Year 7 History Ancient Egypt - PowerPoint Presentation

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Year 7 History Ancient Egypt - PPT Presentation

Year 7 History Ancient Egypt Starter Sheets Readings Year 7 Hist Ancient Egypt 1 Numeracy Activity Year 7 Hist Ancient Egypt 2 Reading Activity The Nile Write down the heading ID: 763909

egypt ancient pyramid egyptians ancient egypt egyptians pyramid body people nile pharaoh houses food words year write gods hist

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Year 7 History Ancient Egypt Starter Sheets Readings

Year 7 Hist - Ancient Egypt 1 Numeracy Activity

Year 7 Hist - Ancient Egypt 2 Reading Activity The NileWrite down the heading. ________________________________________________Number the paragraphs.Write down the words you don’t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell.___________________________________________________________________ Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Put in the Capitals! Remember at the start of sentences and the names of countries and people need a capital letter!!NILE RIVER “egypt is a gift of the nile” wrote the ancient greek thinker herodotus in the 5th century b.c. he was right for along the banks of this mighty river one of the worlds oldest, most civilized, wealthy and oldest civilizations sprang forth.it is now known that 2 mighty rivers the blue nile and the white nile meet at khartoum in the sudan. they join to form the single nile river which flows through right through egypt on its journey to the mediterranean sea. the nile starts in the centre of africa and at 6,741 kilometers is the worlds longest river. it really is egypt’s lifeblood and now as in ancient times the egyptians rely on it flooding between july and october each year. the building of the massive aswan dam by modern egypt has helped in the regulation of their water reserves. it is in the fertile valleys beside the nile river, that nearly all of egypt’s food and crops are grown. the nile river as well as providing egypt with a way of feeding itself was also its primary means of transportation and trade. it united the people and towns of egypt and gave them common identity and easy access to communication. the desert was both dangerous and feared. yes feared and respected because of the following reasons;lack of waterheat and dehydrationsand storms that could literally blow you awaybandit gangsthe ancient egyptians believed that it was inhabited by evil spirits for thousands of years debated the original source of the nile. it was to remain a mystery until the explorers speke, burton and grant were able to link the nile river to lakes victoria and albert. speke and burton were to argue violently over its source. it is now known that the actual source of the nile is even further south in the ruwenzori highlands. while most of egypt is a dry and sandy desert, the land around the nile is exceptionally fertile and productive. farmers have learned to manage the river with dams and canals. these have meant that they can store water for drought times. this has helped to get rid of the previous “boom or bust” nature of egyptian life in this land of 70 million people

Year 7 Hist - Ancient Egypt 3 Reading Activity Food in Ancient Egypt Write down the heading. ________________________________________________Number the paragraphs. Circle the metalanguage words : banquets, difficult, preserve, regularly, Write down the words you don’t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. ___________________________________________________________________ Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs.Food in Ancient Egypt Most of the fertile land in the Nile valley had to be used for growing food crops, so there was not much room for grazing animals. Only rich people ate meat regularly. Ordinary people did not eat much meat from cattle, sheep or goats, but many workers kept pigs and ate fish, even though they were told by the priests that pork and fish were unclean. Many birds were eaten. Some were caught alive and then fattened up by being forced to eat bread soaked in oil and wine. Ducks, geese and even pelicans were kept for their meat and their eggs. People also ate pigeons and quails at banquets. Poor people would have lived mainly on bread and vegetables, such as onions, radishes, cucumber and garlic. Fruits such as melons, dates, figs and pomegranates were also grown, but oranges, lemons, bananas, cherries, pears and peaches were unknown . The bread was rough and gritty, as the corn was ground by hand using rough stones. It was very difficult to keep food fresh in such a hot climate. Food was salted, dried in the sun or pickled to preserve it. It is thought that spices and strong flavours were needed to hide the fact that the meat was not fresh. Milk could not be kept for long, so it was often made into yogurt or cheese. A creamy kind of cheese was called labna and there was a harder one called gebna. The ancient Egyptians did not grow olives, so there was no olive oil. They made oil from sesame seeds and linseed. They cooked using melted down animal fat. Salt was widely used for seasoning and preserving food. There were no citrus fruits, such as lemons, so sour wine or vinegar was used instead of lemon juice. Honey was used for sweetening food. Answer these questions:Why was there so little room for grazing animals in ancient Egypt? ___________________________________________________________________Which two foods were considered unclean? ___________________________________How were the birds fattened?_____________________________________________Which birds were used for their eggs?______________________________________Which two kinds of food formed the main part of the poor people's diet?____________Name four kinds of fruit grown in ancient Egypt. _________________________________________________________________________________________________14. Name four kinds of fruit which were not found in ancient Egypt. _______________________________________________________________________________________15. Give three ways in which the ancient Egyptians preserved food. __________________________________________________________________________________________16. What were labna and gebna? _____________________________________________17. How did the ancient Egyptians sweeten their food?_____________________________Add information from the text to make the following SIMPLE sentences into COMPLEX sentences. 18, Egypt had good soil. ___________________________________________________ Egyptians ate a variety of meat. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19. The Nile provided food. _________________________________________________20. Egyptians made wine. __________________________________________________21. The Egyptians cooked their food. __________________________________________22. Egyptians ate raw vegetables ____________________________________________ 23. Egyptians baked bread. _________________________________________________24. Beer was made. _______________________________________________________

Year 7 Hist – Ancient Egypt 4 Reading activity The PharaohThe kings of Egypt were considered to be more than just ordinary men. The people thought of them as _______ and because of this the Pharaoh could do anything he liked and have anything he wanted. When the Pharaoh died, he had to make a _________ from this life to the afterlife. Special pointed buildings called ________ were constructed to allow the Pharaoh to make this journey. Inside the tomb everything that the Pharaoh would need for the journey was stacked around his ________. Before the Pharaoh could be buried his body had to be _________, which was a careful and ______ process. First the body would be opened up and all thevital organs removed, like the ______, _______ and kidneys. These were stored in special jars called ________ jars which had a different God’s head on each one. (The ______ were pulled out through the ______ ) Then the body was filled with a substance called natron to _____ it out and after that the body was wrapped in ________ and placed in a coffin. Often there would be a death _______ placed over the face and several layers of coffins put around the original. They would also have the Pharaoh’s picture or carved outline on the _______.Law and OrderUpholding the law was important for Egyptians because it is a part of "maat ", the good order of the world they lived in. Egyptians believed that only the ____________ could give Egypt maat , this is justice and good order.Law breakers were tried by a _____________ and given severe punishments if they were found guilty.Law and order did sometimes break down. In Dynasty ____ the tombs of the kings and queens were robbed. A gang of tomb raiders were caught. They were ________________ until they confessed and they were put to ____________ by having sharp spikes driven through them.Often court cases settled quarrels over _________________ ownership, where the judge had to decide between two people claiming to own the same piece of land. This was not difficult because Egyptian ______________ had written down laws that went back for hundreds of _____________. Is this a primary or secondary source? ____________________________________What is the content of this source?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________What does this source tell us about Egyptian society?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What does this source tell us about Egyptian law and order?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A supervisor beating a worker:tomb of Menna, 6t" century BCKing, judge, beat, 20, tortured, death, land, scribes, years

How the Pyramids were made. Underline the words that you think not everyone in the class will know the meaning of. See if you get more than I do!! 1) The pharaoh decided that he wanted a pyramid built and commissioned an architect to draw a plan of the pyramid. The architect drew the plan on papyrus writing notes and labels around the plan. Pyramids took about 20 years to build so pharaohsstarted building them early.2) The plan was then showed to the pharaoh for his approval. The architect would have to change the plan if the pharaoh didn't like it. If the pharaoh approved the plan, he gave permission for the pyramid to be built.3) The pharaoh then decided where he wanted the pyramid to be built. It was usually best to use a large flat surface.4) Four posts were driven into the ground facing north, south, east and west. They formed a square and marked the base of the pyramid. Ropes were tied between the four posts. 5) Granite and limestone blocks were mined in the quarries (Aswan in Upper Egypt). Stone masons cut the blocks into the right size and shape for the pyramid.6) The stone blocks were transported by felucca boat along the Nile to the site of the pyramid. They were also transported on wooden sledges which could be dragged across the ground.7) The workers started to build the pyramid by making the base first. The workers were usually farmers who worked on the pharaohs building projects during the Inundation period (July - November).8) Ropes and mud ramps were used to push the blocks in place. Each time a new layer was added to the pyramid, the mud ramp was made higher. The ropes were like levers. 9) The burial chamber, false burial chamber, passageways, dead ends, air shafts and traps were made inside the pyramid.10) The outside of the pyramid was finished and it was coated with limestone blocks so that it would glean and shine in the sunshine. 11) Artists decorated the walls of the burial chamber and passageways with hieroglyphics and wall paintings. 12) The funeral procession took the dead pharaoh in his sarcophagus to his pyramid. The sarcophagus was placed inside the burial chamber along with the pharaohs belongings like furniture, shabtis, food and drink, ornaments, statues etc.13) The entrance to the pyramid was sealed with a stone slab and covered in limestone from the outside.Year 7 Hist - Ancient Egypt 5 Reading Activity Pyramid summaryIt was only during the time of the_____ _______ that the ancient Egyptians built pyramids to hold the ____ _______of their kings. Pyramids were huge structures. Pyramids had storage rooms, courtyards, secret____________, and all kinds of fancy traps designed to catch robbers who tried to break into the pyramid to rob it. Pyramids were full of_________. The average person created grave goods to take with them to their_________. Imagine the treasures a pharaoh might feel were necessary to bring along! The first pyramid, the Step Pyramid, was built around 2700 BCE, nearly _______ years ago! Pyramid construction was ________after the time of the Old Kingdom. It was simply too ______to find a pyramid. Grave robbers knew exactly where the pharaohs were buried, and thus knew exactly where to find riches and wealth. If you were caught, the penalty for grave robbing was________. The ancient Egyptians did not simply build a pyramid, bury a pharaoh, and walk away. A whole city grew up around a pyramid during its construction. These cities were called_________ _________. Old Kingdom, royal tombs , passageways, Treasures, afterlife, afterlife, abandoned ,Easy, death, pyramid cities

Year 7 Hist - Ancient Egypt 6 Reading Activity Houses and Homes Write down the heading. ________________________________________________Number the paragraphs. Write down the words you don’t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell.___________________________________________________________________Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs.Ancient Egyptian houses were made from mud b_ _ _ _ _.Houses had w_ _ _ _ _ roof beams covered with reeds and clay.Other building materials included grass, l_ _ _ _ _, tree trunks, stones and animal skinsHouses were painted w_ _ _ _ to reflect the heat.Small high grille windows helped keep out d_ _ _ and kept houses as c_ _ _ as possible.Poor people l_ _ _ _ in small flat-roofed houses with one or two rooms with e_ _ _ _ _ _ floors. Cooking was done in a brick oven on the r_ _ _ _ _ _.Wealthy Egyptians lived in large v_ _ _ _ _ surrounded by beautiful gardens. Such d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ often contained up to 70 rooms. There were kitchens, servants’ quarters, storerooms, bathrooms, t_ _ _ _ _ _, a chapel and women’s quarters.Wealthy homes had b_ _ _ _ _ _ _ coloured walls, tiled floors and d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ paintings. Furniture was very l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and was often carved in the shape of animals. Cushions and l_ _ _ _ carpets were common.Outside, there was usually a s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ pool full of fish. Fig trees, date palms and acacias were planted near the pool to provide shade. We can get some idea of what ordinary houses were like in ancient Egypt by looking at model houses that have been found buried in tombs. We can also look at surviving Egyptian houses built in the traditional way. Both were constructed of sun-dried mud, covered over with a thin layer of plaster. Both were built to a simple, square design, with a flat roof, sometimes topped by a terrace where the inhabitants could sit and enjoy the cool, fresh, evening air. Inside, the rooms were small and dark, with narrow windows and low ceilings. Some houses had two storeys; others were all on one level. Many had cellars for storage, dug into the rough ground underneath. Most people lived in villages, clustered along the banks of the river Nile. Village houses were built close together, for strength and security. The villages were surrounded by ditches and fields. Nearby, was the bleak, endless desert, for the Egyptians this was the home of the dead.Now answer these questions. 1. How can we tell what ordinary houses were like in ancient Egypt?____________________2. How were the houses constructed?__________________________________________3. What shape were the houses? _____________________________________________4. What type of roof did they have? __________________________________________ 5. What was the roof terrace used for? _______________________________________6. Why were the rooms dark inside?___________________________________________7. Where were the cellars of these houses? ____________________________________8. Why were the houses built close together? ___________________________________9. What were the villages surrounded by? ______________________________________10. What did the Egyptians call the home of the dead? ____________________________linen white brightly lived sizeable dust rooftop dwellings Decorative bricks villas cool leaves toilets Earthen wooden luxurious

Year 7 Hist - Ancient Egypt 7 Reading Activity Hieroglyphics Correct the tenses  Write down the heading. ________________________________________________Number the paragraphs.Circle the metalanguage words : abundance, archaeologists, hieratics, language, Mesopotamia, obelisks, papyrusWrite down the words you don’t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell . ___________________________________________________________________Highlight 5 nouns.Highlight 5 verbs.Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. Circle the correct tenses. The first writing (that historians are currently aware of) came/come from Mesopotamia in about 3 200 B.C. This form of writing came/come in the form of clay tablets and signs. Not long after the Sumerians develop/developed a more comprehensive form of writing known as cuneiform. Around 3 000 B.C. the Egyptians (though they was/were aware of cuneiform) develop/developed their/there/they’re own brand of writing which we know as Hieroglyphics. This system of writing used picture signs. Then pictures was/were used to represent the sounds that made up a word. In this form of written language there/their/they’re are more than 700 picture signs to learn. Hieroglyphic writing took a long time to learn and the job of a writer or scribe was both valued and well paid. Apart from scribes, there/their/they’re was/were very few ancient Egyptians who could write. Due to its massive alphabet of pictures, the Ancient Egyptians develop/developed a system of ‘shorthand’ known as hieratics. Scripts was/were written on a kind of paper made from papyrus reed, which grew in abundance along the Nile River. The Egyptians needed the written word, so as to be able to write down the extent of their/there/they’re possessions. These included cattle, geese, houses, slaves, etc. Hieroglyphic writing can be found on obelisks, temples, tomb walls, pyramids, etc. The meaning of these picture words wood/would torment both archaeologists and even grave robbers throughout the ages. What did they mean? The meaning of these written words was/were to remain a mystery for thousands of years…until! The discovery by Napoleon’s soldiers in 1799, of a tablet to become known as the Rosetta stone wood/would finally solve the meaning of these words. This stone had the SAME message wrote/written/write in three separate forms. These was/were:HieroglyphicsAncient GreekCursive Script (Hieratics) The Rosetta Stone was/were the key to understanding the history, society, culture, religion, etc of Ancient Egypt. A lot of resources was/were put into ‘cracking’ this written language/code. It was/were, however, to be an enormous task and it took 20 years before any significant progress was/were made. Two people, an Englishman Thomas Young and a Frenchman Jean Francois Champollion was/were to argue over who made the major breakthroughs in translation.

Year 7 Hist - Ancient Egypt 8 Gods and Goddesses and Temples Reading ActivityThe ancient Egyptians believed in many different gods and goddesses, each with their own personality and appearance.They believed the gods and goddesses controlled every aspect of their daily life as well as the afterlife .Each god had their own role to play in maintaining peace and harmony across the land. Some gods and goddesses took part in creation, some brought the flood every year, some offered protection, and some took care of people after they died. Others were either local gods who represented towns, or minor gods who represented plants or animals. The ancient Egyptians believed that it was important to recognise and worship these gods and goddesses so that life continued smoothly. A god or goddess was associated with a particular bird or animal and when they were drawn or carved they were depicted with the head of their particular animal or bird.They believed the gods appeared in real life in their animal form.Animals could also be used to represent the pharaoh – the sphinx with the face of a pharaoh and body a lion.TemplesAncient Egyptians worshiped their gods in various temples along the NileThe largest temple was KarnakEach temple was decorated with huge stone statues of the god of the temple and the pharaoh They would pray for whatever they needed If their prayer was not answered they would ‘whack’ the statue to show their displeasureTemples were very sacred as Egyptians believed their gods lived in temples They were the heart of the communityKids went to school there and he women came everyday to give food as offering to godsTemples acted as hotels for visitors Grain was also stored in templesUsually only priests were allowed inside, however, ordinary people were allowed in on special occasions e.g. The birth of a babyAt dawn, a priest would burn incense in the temple to purify the air. The priests would then purify themselves in the temple’s sacred lake before greeting the gods. The high priest would then place an offering of fresh water to the god of the templeWrite a list of nouns and adjectives and a list of adverbs and verbs you could use in a description of the temple______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Year 7 Hist - Ancient Egypt 9 Making a MummyWrite down the heading. ________________________________________________Number the paragraphs.Circle the metalanguage words : amulets, embalmer, linen, natron, per nefer, preserved, resin, sarcophagus, wetyw. Write down the words you don’t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell.___________________________________________________________________Highlight 5 nouns.Highlight 5 verbs.Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. It took 70 days to make a mummy. Several people were involved. The place where the mummy was made was called the per nefer. The chief embalmer wore a jackal mask to look like Anubis, the god of mummification. His assistants were called wetyw. When the body arrived one of the assistants made a cut on the left side of the abdomen so that the internal organs could be removed. It was thought to be bad to "hurt" a body like this, so the other assistants would throw stones at the one who made the cut. This was not supposed to hurt him, it was just part of the ceremony. The brain was removed from the body through the nose. The Egyptians did not think that the brain was important enough to be preserved. After the organs had been removed the body was washed with wine and rubbed with spices. This killed the bacteria which cause decay. The body was then covered with natron for 40 days and left to dry out. At the end of this time, it was shrunken, wrinkled and leathery. It was cleaned again and rubbed with oils to soften the skin. When the body was fully dried and cleaned it was decorated with jewellery. It was packed inside with linen coated in scented oil so that it had the proper shape. The body was then bandaged in lots of layers of linen. Small charms, or amulets were put into the bandages to protect the spirit on its journey. Each layer was coated with resin, which made a waterproof seal. This part of the process could take as long as a week. After wrapping, the head was covered with a painted mask so that the spirit would recognise it. The mummy was then put into several gilded coffins, and finally into a sarcophagus How well did you read? Mummification QuestionsWhy did the Ancient Egyptians want to preserve the body of a dead person? _______________________________________________________________________________2. Who was god of the dead? _______________________________________________3. How long did it take altogether to make a mummy?______________________________4. What was the per nefer? ________________________________________________5. What were the embalmer's assistants called?__________________________________6. Why were stones thrown at the man who made the first cut in the body?_____________ 7. How was the brain of the dead person removed? _______________________________8. Why was the brain not preserved? _________________________________________9. What other organs were removed and why? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. What happened to the heart and why? ______________________________________11.What did the embalmers do with the internal organs? ___________________________12. What did the body look like after being in natron for 40 days? _________________________________________________________________________________________13. What did they put inside the body so that it had the proper shape? _____________________________________________________________________________________14. What was the body wrapped in? ___________________________________________15. Why did they put amulets inside the bandages? _______________________________16. How long did the bandaging part take? ______________________________________Why did the body need a mask? _____________________________________________

Year 7 Hist - Ancient Egypt 10 Important EventsPut these dates on the Timeline below. Use only the words in bold to label it.5500 BC– People first came to settle in Egypt on the banks of the Nile and around the river’s delta3500 – 3100 BC People begin to plant crops and dig canals. Two separate kingdoms emerge: Upper Egypt in the south, and Lower Egypt in the north.3300 BC Ancient Egyptians begin using hieroglyphics3000 BC Upper and Lower Egypt are united2650 – 2150 BC The Old Kingdom: the era of pyramid building2600 BC The Great Pyramid of Giza is built for Pharaoh Khufu2050 – 1650 BC The Middle Kingdom1550 – 1050 BC The New Kingdom: the era of pharaoh’s burials in rocky mountain tombs. Valley of the Kings is built1490s BC Rule of Hatshepsut, female pharaoh1330s BC Rule of Tutankhamen525 BC Ancient Egypt is conquered by Persia332 BC Alexander the Great conquers ancient Egypt323 BC Alexandria is found and becomes the new capital of ancient Egypt51-30 BC Rule of Cleopatra30 BC Ancient Egypt becomes part of the Roman Empire5500 BC 4000BC 3000BC 2000BC 1000BC 0