Ancient Egypt ANCIENT CHINA - PowerPoint Presentation

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Ancient Egypt

ANCIENT CHINA

AND

BY TAMARASlide2

Ancient Egyptian Food

Vegetables that were grown included; Radishes, coriander, cabbages, endive, watermelons, cucumbers, cabbage, beans and melons were very common and widely grownFruit that were grown included; Apples, pomegranates, figs, grapes, almond, coconuts and cherries.Meat was only eaten by the rich on a daily basis whilst the poor could only eat meat during festivals. Meat usually came from cattle, quails, ducks, pigs, chicken, fish, turtles and more. To preserve dead animals for longer Egyptians salted, dried or smoked the body.Slide3

Ancient Egyptian Drinks

Beer was very common and popular in Ancient Egypt. It was a preferred drink by everyone- gods, children, adults, even if the family was indigent they would still able to purchase or produce beer. The method ancient Egyptians used to create beer is still happening today.Water was scooped from the famous Nile River. There was an endless source of water but it was often low quality. Human excrement entered the water, causing diseases. Therefore, Egyptians decided to pray to the gods believing they would protect them from these contagious diseases. Egyptians often left the water in jugs for two days, because of extreme temperatures it killed pathogens.

Milk was produced by sheep, goats and cattle. The precious milk was kept in round earthen jars, grass plugged the entrance which protected the fresh milk from insects. The hot climate was a major disadvantage because it caused it to spoil quickly, if it wasn’t consumed in the first few hours, the texture would dramatically change into a yoghurt-like texture.Slide4

Ancient Chinese Food

China possessed various different foods ever since ancient times and have more than 5000 years of farming history. There’s a difference in food production and farming between Northern China and Southern China because of temperatures and environment. Vegetables which include soybeans, cabbage, peas, bamboo shoot, turnip, spring onions and cucumbers were popular and healthy. Different types of meat

were consumed such as pork, beef, chicken, shark fin soup (popular delicacy) and mutton although some meat had to be transported from West Asia. Therefore, meat prices were expensive so people ate Tofu for protein in replacement of meat. Other foods included; wheat, noodles, millet and most importantly rice. Rice was a rich source of carbohydrates and were collected from a Rice paddy. Slide5

Ancient Chinese Drinks

Tea was a native drink that originated from China over 4000 years ago. China introduced tea processing and drinking methods to the rest of the world.Alcohol was usually featured in ceremonies and banquets and was the liquid used to worship gods. Chinese people drank this to ease feelings and thoughts. Alcohol supposedly existed during prehistoric times in China. There was a wide variety of alcohol including; white wine, yellow rice wine, medicine liquor, fruit liquor and also beer.Slide6

Comparing Food & Drinks In Ancient China & Ancient Egypt

Ancient China

Ancient Egypt

Same

- Cucumbers and cabbage were grown

- Radishes, coriander, endive, watermelons, cabbage, beans and melons were grown

- Meat was expensive

- quails, ducks, , fish, turtles and more meat sources were eaten

Apples, pomegranates, figs, grapes, almond, coconuts and cherries were grown

- Difference in food production in places in China

- Soybeans, peas, bamboo shoot, turnips and spring onions were grown

- Shark fin soup (popular delicacy) and mutton were eaten

- Cattle, pigs and chicken were eaten in both places

- Meat was transported

- Alcohol and tea were drinks in China

- Beer, milk and water were drinks in EgyptSlide7

Ancient Egyptian Injuries & Diseases

An Egyptian’s chance of survival was significantly better than other foreigners. Injuries were usually caused by fighting, accidents, and animal encounters. The diseases they experienced including; headaches, colds, small pox, diarrhea, dysentery, eye infections, tumors, cardio-vascular diseases, arthritis etc.. Diseased animals carried diseases into the human population once it has been consumed by an individual. A restricted diet caused malnutrition but when the agriculture improved, the fatal outcomes began decreasing.Slide8

Ancient Egyptian Cures

To cure these diseases, usually sick or injured Egyptians would meet an Egyptian priest/physician who performed powerful magic where incantations, rituals, amulets and spells were used. Sekhmet’s (goddess) priestesses were apparently involved in the inspection of sacrificial animals, preventing dangerous plagues and even providing medicine. Medicines were normally created when wine was steeped with herbs such as; opium, cannabis, myrrh, frankincense, fennel, cassia, senna, thyme, henna, juniper, aloe, linseed and castor oil. Each medicine did something different. Egyptians believe that medicines lessened pain but magic cured everything.Slide9

Ancient Chinese Injuries & Diseases

Ancient Chinese people suffered from diseases that we experience today. This include simple things such as colds, headaches, stomach aches etc. Diseases were usually caused by unhygienic environment, temperature and mostly by certain animals carrying bacteria and infecting humans. Chinese people believe the concept of Yin and Yang, both of them combined equaled a healthy circle of life. If one side was unbalanced, you would get sick. Injuries were caused by fights, accidents and animal encounters.Slide10

Ancient Chinese Cures

Chinese people had three main cures to decide upon; herbal treatment, acupuncture and food therapy. Traditional herbs were simmered in water for several hours and was then used to create medicine which cured particular illnesses. Additional ingredients were sometimes combined to stabilize the patient’s Yin and Yang. Acupuncture is the procedure of inserting needles in certain areas of the body to improve their health. Ancient Chinese people believed acupuncture redirects vital energy in the body. This practice is currently still being used. Moreover, food therapy is used for healing by feeding the patient natural food. Some examples include; bird’s nest, Cantonese cough remedy, American ginseng and Korean ginseng. These natural food cured or improved the person’s well-being

.Slide11

Comparing Injuries, Diseases & Cures In Ancient China & Ancient Egypt

Ancient China

Ancient Egypt

Same- Injuries were caused by animal encounters, accidents and fights

- Animals caused diseases and so did an unhygienic environment

- Experienced similar diseases- Would visit a priest/priestesses who would perform magical spells.

- Incantations, rituals, amulets and spells were used

- Used herbs

- Used acupuncture (inserting needles) and food therapy (bird’s nest, Cantonese cough remedy, American ginseng and Korean ginseng) to heal illnesses.

- Believed in the Yin and YangSlide12

Ancient Egyptian Music

Music was created through simple clapping, playing instruments and singing. Music was used in worships, holidays, processions, parties and when the evening was too dark to complete any work. Moreover, it made workers more efficient when they listened or chanted to songs. Many instruments were involved in music including harps, flutes and drums. Singing was performed at religious ceremonies and musicians were highly valued since they brought entertainment to everyone.Slide13

Ancient Egyptian Dance

Dance in Ancient Egypt was complex. The choreography appears to be similar to modern ballet where cartwheels, backbends, splits and other tricks were performed. Dancing girls were often chosen amongst servants, they performed elegant moves then combined acrobatic tricks into their routine.Slide14

Ancient Chinese Music

Music was created by clapping hands, singing and playing various types of instruments. The first people who introduced music to China was from Africa. They introduced the idea and soon it became worldwide. According to Chinese tradition, the first instrument that was built was a bamboo pipe that imitated the lovely whistling of birds. Other instruments including ‘the pipa’ were later introduced.Slide15

Ancient Chinese Dance

Dances were usually performed in special occasions like ceremonies and festivals, they usually had a story behind them. Chinese people would sometimes dress up as mythical beasts and creatures to reenact myths and their beliefs. There were a wide range of types of dances they performed, it normally depended on the story. Examples include; the Lantern Dance, Long Drum Dance, Llhamo, Baishou Dance and Yangge. As foot binding was introduced, woman started to stop dancing because of the pain. Some dances are common today including the Lion Dance and the Dragon Dance.Slide16

Comparing Music & Dance In Ancient China & Ancient Egypt

Ancient China

Same

Ancient Egypt- Music was created by clapping, singing and playing instruments

- Flutes were used

- Music was introduced by Africa- Made workers more efficient when they listened or chanted to songs

-Musicians were highly valued

- Harps and drums were popular

- The first instrument that was built was a bamboo pipe that imitated the lovely whistling of birds.

- Different types of music were performed at ceremonies, parties etc.

- Dancers would dress up as mythical beasts- Dances had a story behind them

- The moves depend on the story

- The moves were complexSlide17

Ancient Egyptian Laws

Laws were not exactly established, instead the laws were based on common-sense approach. Instead people reached agreements and discussed the certain situation instead of following stated laws. Local councils of elders usually dealt with minor crimes. More serious cases, such as murder and robbery were required to swear to an oath that they told the truth. If they refused to, they were tortured and beat up until they confessed.Slide18

Ancient Egyptian Punishments

Punishments that related to minor crimes were dealt by beatings, fines and even exile. Serious crimes involved either drowning, execution and decapitation. These punishments could be further extended to the criminal’s family.Slide19

Ancient Chinese Laws

The Ancient Chinese laws include the following;1.Every man must carry duties with obedience.2.Must always show greatest respect to family ancestors.3.Avid legal actions as far as possible.4.Lots of care shown to the people who run the public schools.5.All people should be reminded of all laws regularly.6.Control your anger outbursts

Everybody was expected to follow these laws or they would expect punishments depending on how serious their crime was.Slide20

Ancient Chinese Punishments

Punishments in Ancient China were harsh. Small crimes such as minor theft are punished in their public community. Criminals who committed larger crimes were either locked in a wooden collar cage for two weeks to three months. At day, the offender was featured in public places. Other options included; having a chain around their neck which attached to a large rock, whippings, twist arms or leg on a pole and deported and sent to do hard labor for life. Taking it to the further level, the criminal would be executed, strangled or the ‘cut and kill’ action would be provided. The ‘cut and kill’ method involved with cutting the parts of the offender’s body in a specific order; eye-brows, then the shoulders, the breasts, the arms, the legs and finally the heart.Slide21

Comparing Laws & Punishments In Ancient China & Ancient Egypt

Ancient China

Same

Ancient Egypt- Punishments were really harsh

- Laws were established

- Laws were not exactly established, instead the laws were based on common-sense approach - Had a more larger variety of punishments

- Minor crimes were dealt by beatings

- Some serious crimes were dealt by execution

- The execution process involved a lot of torture

- Punishments could be extended to the familySlide22

Ancient Egyptian Marriage & Love

Since populations of villages are low, the choice of partners were very limited. Different ceremonies, public holidays and other special occasions gave opportunities for strangers to meet each other. Matches were usually made between the people who grew up together or if it was arranged by the family. Some lovelorn swains recourse to magic, forcing their ideal person to fall in love with them. Marriage was insisted to be a private matter, it was usually set in households. Families from either partner were although involved in this but couldn’t prevent the marriage from happening if the couple insisted on marrying one another. The wife would do house chores such as cleaning, washing, sewing, making clothes and preparing food and drinks. Chores done outside the house, were usually done by men. Men sometimes took advantage of property when greed fell upon them. These simple situations caused issues to the relationship which might’ve caused a divorce. The procedure to having a divorce was considered to be informal. A man can simply announce : I am separating myself from you. This simple declaration was all that was needed to officially separate the whole family.Slide23

Ancient Egyptian Childbirth

In order to find out if a woman was pregnant the woman’s urine, barley seeds and emmer wheat were moistened. If the seeds successfully sprout, she was pregnant. Egyptians believed that if the barley sprouts first, the child is a male. On the other hand, if the emmer grows first, the child is a female. Overall, this standard test was partially accurate.Slide24

Ancient Chinese Marriage & Love

In Ancient China, a marriage would be decided by their parents’ desire. Conditions that will be considered is the wealth and social status of the candidate. Both people need to have similar wealth with each other or the parents will refuse. Throughout the marriage process each person had to follow ‘three letters and six etiquettes’. Three letters- Gift letter, wedding letter and betrothal letter.Six etiquettes- Proposing, birthday matching, presenting betrothal gifts, presenting wedding gifts, selecting wedding date and the wedding ceremony.The wedding would regularly be a big part with firecrackers and music. The groom and bride must dress in red.Slide25

Ancient Chinese Childbirth

Ancient Chinese people had many beliefs relating to childbirth. They believed everything the pregnant woman did, would influence her child. Therefore, she must avoid losing her temper, laughing loudly, gossiping and even looking at clashing, dark colors. If she consumed light colored food during pregnancy, the baby will become fair-skinned. The woman is not able to participate in hard-labor, or the baby will come out deformed, she also isn’t allowed to attend any funerals. Although, the pregnant lady is allowed to hide knives under her bed to prevent evil spirits from affecting her child. A month before the baby is due, the grandmother is permitted to organize clothes. Chinese people believe each person owns five elements inside them- earth, water ,fire, metal and wood. Chinese families sometimes visit fortune tellers to figure out if their child is lacking any vital elements. It is a good sign if they’re lacking from water and fire, because too much of each can be a great danger. If the child has too much fire, he/she might burn. If the child has too much water, he/she might drown.Slide26

Comparing Marriage, Love & Childbirth In Ancient China & Ancient Egypt

Ancient China

Same

Ancient Egypt- Partners were chosen by parents

- Egyptians had a choice of their partner

- Difficult to find a partner- Marriages were celebrated at home

- Marriages were celebrated through a party

- Process of marriage was complicated

- Wealth and social status were considered in the marriage

- Both people had to have similar wealth

- Women were respected in the marriage- Had a method on figuring out the gender of the baby

- Believed that the woman’s actions would inflict the babySlide27

Ancient Egyptian Stories, Rituals & Festivals

Rituals are organized special events made up of formal acts and serve values and expectations. It was a major part of the cultureTypes of Rituals:The Daily Ritual was performed by temple priestesses each morning to the statue of gods.Magical Rituals were performed to delete all negative energy. Egyptians believed it defended, healed, restored and protected them.Diurnal Rituals only occurred in temples and were initiated by ‘hour-priests’ on their watchtowers. They recorded their ideas about the stars and planets which give evidence of life and order.

Festivals were ceremonies which happened every single year. Its purpose was to keep the order (Maat) of creation active in Egypt. Gods, goddesses, pharaohs, priests, dancers and musicians reenacted myths with large offerings. Food was also provided in impressive quantities. Meat, cake and bread were usually served along with beer. Dancers played musical instruments and entertained everyone.Slide28

Ancient Chinese Stories, Rituals & Festivals

There were many national festivals that occurred every year. This includes; The Spring Festival (Chinese New Year), Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Moon Festival, Double Ninth Festival and much more. Each festival had it’s own unique origin and celebrated something different. Many link to myths and superstitions. Feasts with different Chinese food were included in all of the festivals.

Stories were created to entertain or teach children a important lesson at the end. Some included; ‘Nian, The Horrible Monster’, ‘The Warrior Well’ and ‘Mulan’ which is well-known.

Rituals that happened in Ancient China include; The Worship of Heavenly Bodies, The Worship of Earth, Military, Birth, The Coming-Of-Age, The Five Sacrifices and more..Slide29

Comparing Stories, Rituals & Festivals In Ancient China & Ancient Egypt

Ancient China

Same

Ancient Egypt- Festivals happened annually

- Festivals happened to keep the order of creation (Maat alive)

- Some festivals were linked to myths- Feasts and music were provided in festivals

- Stories were told to teach important lessons

- Rituals happened everyday and was a major part of the Egyptian culture

- Rituals occurred to celebrate important dates in Chinese history or for religious reasonsSlide30

Ancient Egyptian Women

Egyptian women were highly regarded and treated better compared to other women in the ancient. They had legal rights, independence, special privileges and freedom. Women were treated a little less valued than men but more than domestic servants who looked after property and children. They raised children, contributed to business and ran the household. Lower classed women worked on the harsh fields and tended for animals. In addition, wealthy women hired servants that cooked, cleaned and took care of the children. Egyptian women had various job choices to choose from including; bakers, beer brewers, weavers, musicians, dancers, singers, mourners, composers, judges etc.. Only the well-educated women were able to become priestesses, supervisors or administrators.Slide31

Ancient Chinese Women

Young women were badly treated compared to men in Ancient China. Although, once they got older, they became greatly respected. People believed ‘wise women’ owned special gifts, people usually seek advice from them. A way for a woman to gain respect is if her husband died and she was the eldest in her family, these cases were quite rare. Woman spent days at home, looking after children and the husband whilst completing daily chores. Although, peasant women worked in the fields. The society believed a woman’s opinions, thoughts and suggestions were not important. In addition, they refused to provide proper education to woman since they were not ‘worthy enough’.Slide32

Comparing Women In Ancient China & Ancient Egypt

Ancient China

Ancient Egypt

Same- Women were badly treated

- Women were highly regarded- Women became respected once they became older

- Spent their days at home

- Rich women could afford domestic servants

- Poor women worked in fields

- They had legal rights, independence, special privileges and freedom.

- Did not have many job opportunities since the society refused to provide proper educationNormal women could become bakers, beer brewers, weavers, musicians, dancers, singers, mourners, composers, judges etc.

Well-educated women were able to become priestesses, supervisors or administratorsSlide33

Ancient Egyptian Men

Egyptian men were able to marry more than one women. Their social status did not differ significantly compared to women. Men were mostly involved with the agricultural side, this includes; farmers and builders for construction projects. Moreover, they were able engaged in business/government jobs which included priests and scribes. Other jobs were available including craftsmen (carpenters, weavers, jewelers, leather workers, potters etc..) Some men were eager to move up in the social hierarchy so they decided to be soldiers who protected Egypt.Slide34

Ancient Chinese Men

Men dominance was prominent and they were often in charge of most things in the society. Men were the head of the family, they are required to make decisions that’ll benefit the family and provided for them. Ancient Chinese men participated in outside jobs like farming and building.Slide35

Comparing Men In Ancient China & Ancient Egypt

Ancient China

Ancient Egypt

Same- Involved in chores completed outdoors (agricultural side, farming etc.)

- Related to business and government jobs

- Head of society- Leader of the family and finalized important decisions

- Often involved in the craftsmanship area

- Their social status was similar to the women's

- Both genders controlled the family equallySlide36

THE END