BLOOD TYPES On a cold day in 1667, a renegade physician named Jean Denis transfused calf's - PowerPoint Presentation

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BLOOD TYPESSlide2

On a cold day in 1667, a renegade physician named Jean Denis transfused calf's blood into one of Paris's most notorious madmen. In doing so, Denis angered not only the elite scientists who had hoped to perform the first animal-to-human transfusions themselves, but also a host of powerful conservatives who believed that the doctor was toying with forces of nature that he did not understand. Just days after the experiment, the madman was dead, and Denis was framed for murder

.

he ordeal resulted in the ban of human blood transfusions in France unless approved by the Paris Faculty of Medicine. Denis was ultimately cleared of the charges, but soon after ceased to practice medicine.

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1901 - Austrian Karl Landsteiner discovered human blood

groups

Before this time, blood transfusions were performed, but doctors did not understand why patients would die.

Even animals have blood typesSlide4

Blood Type is Controlled by 3 Alleles

Alleles: A, B, O

A & B are codominant

O is recessive

4 Possible Blood TypesSlide5

GenotypesSlide6

Consider Both Parents

Type A (genotype AA) x Type O (genotype OO)Slide7

Blood Type AntigensSlide8

Blood that has antibodies on it that is not recognized by the body will be attacked by your immune system

O is the Universal

Donor

because a person with this type of blood does not have antigens on the surface of the blood cells - hence will not cause an immune reaction in the patient.

AB is the Universal

Acceptor

because this person will not have an immune reaction to A, B, AB, or

O

----- AGGLUTINATION (the clumping of red blood cells following a transfusion reaction; likely fatalSlide9

Rh Factor

Rh Factor (Rh = rhesus monkey)

A person can have surface Rh antigens (and be Rh +) or no antigens (and be Rh - ) 

Rh factor is caused by a dominant allele and is inherited like any other trait.Slide10

Rh Factor

A person can either be Rh + or Rh –

(positive is dominant)Slide11

Rh Factor and Pregnancy

*Problem: When a fetus is Rh+ and the mother is Rh-, this can cause the mother’s immune system to attack the fetus. There are drugs that will suppress this reaction. Slide12

*This condition is called Erythroblastosis

fetalis . Doctors can prevent this reaction by giving the woman ( Rh - ) an injection that will suppress her immune reaction to an Rh + baby.Slide13

*This condition is called

 Erythroblastosis

fetalis

 . Doctors can prevent this reaction by giving the woman ( Rh - ) an injection that will suppress her immune reaction to an Rh + baby.Slide14

Blood Type TestSlide15

Blood can carry diseases and health care professionals must be careful when working with blood. A

bloodborne pathogen is any disease causing agent that is present in the blood and can be transferred from one person to another.

Examples of blood borne pathogens: Hepatitis B and C, HIV, and MalariaSlide16

Blood Safety

EXAMPLES OF BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

HEPATITIS B (HBV)

HEPATITIS C (HCV)

Other NON A, NON B HEPATITIS

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

MALARIA

OTHER POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS MATERIALSSlide17

TRANSMISSION

HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus are the viruses most likely to be transmitted via the following routes in an occupational setting:

needle stick / sharps injuries skin or eye contact mucous membrane and non-intact skin exposure to contaminated blood or other potentially infectious materials

( scratches, cuts, bites, or wounds ) Slide18

Avoid Contact With Blood

Wear gloves

Dispose of items that have been contaminated (tissues, needles, bandaids) in biohazard containers

Do not “horse around”

Treat every person as if they may be carrying an infectious disease