PPT-Hume’s emotivism Michael Lacewing

enquiriesalevelphilosophycouk c Michael Lacewing Cognitivism and moral realism What are we doing when we make moral judgments Cognitivism moral judgments eg Murder is wrong. PHIL/RS 335. Miracles. For purposes of initial clarity, let. '. s define a miracle as a worldly event that is not explicable by natural causes alone (including human causation).. What sort of events does this definition of miracles preclude?. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Omniscience. Omni-: ‘all’; . scient. : ‘knowing’. Is it possible to know . everything. ?. God is the most perfect . possible . being. So omniscience is ‘. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Am I a brain in a vat?. Knowledge is not belief (even true belief). Are my reasons for my beliefs sufficient for knowledge?. Maybe all my experiences are fed to me by a supercomputer. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Stealing. Steal: . to take someone else’s property with no intention of returning it and without their permission (or without the legal right to do so. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Descartes’ question. Cosmological arguments usually ask ‘why does anything exist’?. Descartes doubts the existence of everything, and offers his cosmological argument after showing only that he exists.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Metaethics. What is morality, philosophical speaking?. Can ethical claims be objectively true or false?. Are moral properties part of reality?. Cognitivism: moral judgments, e.g. ‘Murder is wrong’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing . What do we perceive?. Direct realism: we perceive physical objects, which exist independent of our experience. Physical objects existed before minds. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing . Analytic and synthetic propositions. An analytic proposition is true or false in virtue of the meanings of the . words. Squares have four sides. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Eudaimonia and morality. ‘What is the good for human beings?’ . What is it that we are aiming at?. What would provide a successful, fulfilling, good life?. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. N. on. -. cognitivism and anti-realism. What are we doing when we. make moral judgments?. Non. -cognitivism: moral judgments. Do not aim to describe the world. Meta-ethical approaches – Emotivism:. Theory that believes objective moral laws do not exist; . a . non-cognitivist theory; . moral . terms express personal emotional attitudes and not propositions; . enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Is pleasure good?. Aristotle: . pleasure is good, and. . eudaimonia . involves pleasure. Obj. : . The temperate person avoids pleasure.. Not . true.. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Life. Isn’t life amazing?. Organs serve a purpose – heart – pump blood, eye – seeing. We understand parts of an organ in relation to serving this purpose. nMcDonoughHumes commentators have traditionally been highly critical of his accountof memory in the Treatise1D G C MacNabb simply states as a matter offact that the subject of memory is one on which H