Planning and Preparing a Vegetable Garden - PowerPoint Presentation

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Planning and Preparing a Vegetable Garden - PPT Presentation

Benefits of Having a Home Garden Know where your food comes from and what goes into it Vegetables can be enjoyed at peak freshness nutritional value Grow the varieties of vegetables you want ID: 553926

plant soil plants water soil plant water plants planting seed garden www beans fruit seeds days amp season tomatoes

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Slide1

Planning and Preparing a Vegetable GardenSlide2
Slide3

Benefits of Having a Home Garden

Know where your

food comes from,

and what goes into it

Vegetables can be

enjoyed at peak

freshness, nutritionalvalueGrow the varieties of vegetables you wantSlide4
Slide5

Garden Layout Tips

Plant perennials together on one side of the garden or in different spot to avoid interference with working.

Group quickly maturing crops together or plant them between rows of crops that mature later. (

Interplanting

/Succession)

Plan the distance between rows according to cultivation methods. No sense in planting if you can’t get the tiller between the rows!Slide6
Slide7

Soil Management Practices…

pH is high (>7.0 alkaline)

Add sulfur to recommended amounts

pH is low (< 7.0 acidic)-Not A Problem

Never Add Lime’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’

Most veggies like pH of 6.8 – 7.0

Sandy soils need organic matterAll soils can benefit from compost for humus and micro nutrientsSlide8

Incorporating Organic Matter

Fall ideal timeComposted leaves, grass, manure

Loosen exist. soil, then add amendments

1 soil : 1 compost provide good mix

10-12 inches total soil depth is adequate

Add 10-20-10 fertilizer

Mix soil, fertilizer, and compost Add waterSlide9

Functions of Organic Matter

Improves air & water drainage in silt & clayIncreases soil pore sizes

Improves water & element holding capacity of sandy soils

Increases element levels as it decays

Increases important soil micro organisms

Makes soil easy to dig and plantSlide10

Sources for Compost and Organic Mulch

Sandoval County Landfill – ph

867-0816

City of Albuquerque, Wastewater Utility Department –

842-9287

Soilutions of NM – ph 877-0220(these sources are mainly for bulk quantities – packaged compost may be available at ABQ)Slide11

Fertilizing

Plant Food Elements on front of bag

Use granular sparingly–can incr. soil salts

Use organic liquid or compost tea

N-P-K

Nitrogen %

Phosphorus %

Potassium %

5-10-5Slide12

Fertilizing Continued

High Nitrogen Crops

Leafy veggies and corn

High Phosphorus Crops

Pod and fruit crops

High Potassium Crops

Root cropsSlide13

Applying Fertilizers

Broadcasting- spread amount of fertilizer equally over the entire garden and mix into soil before planting

Side dressing

- Mix half into the soil before planting and apply the rest later in the season on top of the soil on each side of the rows about 3-4 inches from the stem.Slide14

Applying Fertilizers continued

Banding

- place the fertilizer in rows dug 3 inches from each side of the row of seeds or plants and slightly deeper than the depth planted.

Plowing Under

- plow under added nutrient material. Top dressing does not allow nutrients to be leached into soil fast enough.Slide15

Growing Transplants

Can grow varieties you want

Start 6 – 8 weeks before outdoor planting date

Use seed starting planting soil

Cover plant containers to maintain humidity

Provide some air movement

Keep temperature around 70 degrees FUse grow lights if needed10 – 12 hours of light per daySlide16

Damping Off

Created by variety of fungiFungi can be a problem with seedlings plants, and can effect seeds and germination

Conditions that delay or slow growth encourage infection – cold temps, wet soil, poor drainage

As roots mature, condition lessensSlide17

Solutions for Damping Off

Sterilize plastic planters with 1% chlorine soln.

Clear plastic containers can speed germination and control moisture.

Use fresh, high quality seed.

Avoid fertilizers until plants have second leaves.

Good drainage is essential. Water soil with light mist spray, or set planter in water bath.

Use sterile seed starting soil mix only.Saturate soil prior to planting seeds. Then no water until soil starts to dry out.Slide18

HARDEN

off your seedlings

About one week before transplanting:

Put your seedlings in a shady place outside for a 2-4 hours

Then bring them back inside

Each day increase the time

Slowly begin dividing the time between the shade and the sunAfter a week of adjustment the seedlings should be ready for the garden plotKeep plants well watered throughout this processSlide19

Cool-Season Vegetables

Prefer temperatures ranging from 60-65 degrees F. Intolerant of hot weather, but can withstand some frost.

Short sunshine days are ok

Fall time, plant August 1

to avoid bugs, disease, heat and prevent bolting.

Bolting- shoot out seed headsCabbage, broccoli, radish, lettuce, chard, spinach, kohlrabi, etc.Slide20

Cool-Season Vegetables

Many develop superior flavor and quality when they mature in cooler weather (example: broccoli)

Flavor is improved with lite frost: cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, carrots, chard, turnip

Lettuce and spinach tend to bolt and develop bitter flavor when maturing in hot weatherSlide21

Temperature Tolerant Crops

These plants can withstand a wide variety of temperatures, 55-80 degrees F.

Onions, beets, garlic, carrots, potatoes, cucumbers, pumpkins, beans, tomatoes, corn

Soil temp. >60 degrees to germinateSlide22

Warm Crops

Prefer temperatures at or above 70 degrees F.

Usually a long growing season is needed

Watermelons, sweet potatoes, eggplant, peppers, and okraSlide23

Planting Your Garden

Direct seeding:

Seed depth approx. 4 times the diameter of the seed.

Transplants:

Used to obtain earlier maturity, or if seed is expensive

-Water immediately after planting in gardenSlide24

Planting Methods

Interplanting method

- plant a short term crop with a longer term plant so more crop can be grown in a smaller space!

Succession Planting

- if using short term varieties, plant, harvest, and replant same crop to get maximum use of garden space and crop!Slide25

Companion Planting

Want to add color and flowers to the veggie garden?

There are benefits in doing so:

Marigolds with beans repel beetles/

nemitodes

Tarragon with tomatoes controls disease

Nasturtiums throughout veggies deter aphids, beetles, and squash bugsRadishes with cucumbers deters cucumber beetlesChrysanthemums deter root knot nemitodesDon’t mix beans with onions Try attra.ncat.org for informationSlide26

RAISED BEDS FOR VEGETABLES

and

GARDEN COMPOSTING

CONFINES GARDEN AREA

MINIMIZES NEED FOR FERTILIZERS AND WATER

ALLOWS WALKING PATHS

ELEVATES PLANTS FOR BETTER DRAINAGEALLOWS GARDENING ON POOR SOIL CONDITIONS3’ – 6’ WIDE TO REACH PLANTS FROM BOTH SIDES OF BEDCONSTRUCT OF WOOD BOARDS RATHER THAN CONCRETE BLOCKSSlide27

RAISED BEDS with COMPOST BINDrip irrigation not buried. Shade cloth if needed.Slide28

Spring Planting – Shading used only on “hot” days

Note irrigation stub for drip systemSlide29

Mid-Summer Time – plants closely spaced.

beans, tomatoes, corn, butternuts, basilSlide30

New Shade Structure Framing

(Note Rolls of Shade Cloth)Slide31

- Adding top board to increase soil depth

- Adjusting bed width so all are same- Annual rye grass cover crop (Nov. 2012)Slide32

PLANTING TIMES

Cold weather plants, March 15 – April 1, seed or plant sets (may have to cover for hard freeze). Cabbage, Broccoli, sugar peas, kohlrabi, lettuce, spinach. Plant again July 15 – August 1 for second crop, especially winter crops like rutabagas and parsnips.

Warm weather plants, May 1-15; beans, tomatoes, squash, eggplant,

cukes

, beets.

Plant zucchini after July 1 to help avoid squash bugs.Slide33

NM Number of Frost Free Days

Area 1

: more than 180 days (Las Cruces, Lordsburg)

Area 2

: less than 180, more than150 days (Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Roswell)

Area 3

: less than150 days (Farmington, Gallup)Areas 1 & 2 provide both an ample Fall planting window for many cool season vegetablesSlide34

Cool Season Vegetables – Planting Guide for NM Area 2 (Albuquerque, Los Lunas, Santa Fe)

Vegetable Crop

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Beets

Broccoli

Carrots

Chard, Swiss

Lettuce, Leaf

Onions

Spinach Slide35

Warm Season Vegetables–Planting Guide for NM Area 2 (Albuquerque, Los Lunas, Santa Fe)

Vegetable Crop

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Beans,

Pole

Corn,

Sweet

Melons

Okra

Peppers,

Bell & Chile

Potatoes, Irish

Squash, Summer

Tomatoes

Slide36
Slide37

Extending the Growing Season

Plastic row cover to heat soil

Row covers to protect plants

Supported or floating row covers

Small

or large size greenhouse (lots of selections in catalogs)

Cold framesCreate Microclimates for plant growthSlide38
Slide39
Slide40
Slide41

Plastic Cover over plants for protectionSlide42

PVC Cover using UV rated Greenhouse Plastic Slide43

Lift sides of plastic to work garden – ok, but maybe not the best for access to plants.Slide44

Hinged Vent open Slide45

PESTS

Tomato horn worms – look for missing leaves, bare stems; find worm and remove to garbage can.

Squash bugs

– plant early and remove plants

when bugs show

up , or plant after July 1.Birds – use scarecrows; I use plastic grocery bags, especially for fruit on trees.Slide46

Swiss Chard with bird damageSlide47

Tomatoes

Planning and Preparing a Vegetable Garden - PowerPoint Presentation

Planning and Preparing a Vegetable Garden - PPT Presentation

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