STD Overview A sexually transmitted disease is a disease caused by pathogens that are transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person during intimate sexual contact You will learn the following facts about each STD ID: 751361
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Slide1
STD’s
Sexually Transmitted DiseasesSlide2
STD Overview
A
sexually transmitted disease
is a disease caused by pathogens that are transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person during intimate sexual contact.
You will learn the following facts about each STD:
Cause
Method of Transmission
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
ComplicationsSlide3
Anytime you see this picture, there is a graphic slide coming up next!Slide4
Chlamydia
Cause
Caused by bacteria that produces inflammation of the reproductive system.
Methods of Transmission
Intimate Sexual Contact
Pregnant female may pass the infection to her newborn baby during delivery.
Symptoms in
Males (Usually appear within 1- 3 weeks after exposure) :
Discharge from penis
Painful urination
Inflammation of the urethra
Many have NO
symptoms but you can still infect a sexual partner.Slide5
Chlamydia
Symptoms in
Females (1/2 of infected females have no symptoms):
May not know until complications develop
Inflammation of the vagina and cervix.
Burning sensation when urinating.
Unusual discharge from the vagina
Pain in lower
abdomen
Diagnosis
A physician uses a cotton swab to collect a sample of the discharge.
Treatment
Antibiotics
Follow-Up visit is necessary.
All sex partners of persons infected with Chlamydia should be checked and treated.
Complications
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) – serious infection of the internal females reproductive organs.
Ectopic Pregnancy/Tubal Pregnancy – fertilized egg implants in a Fallopian tube instead of the uterusSlide6Slide7
Chlamydia in WomenSlide8Slide9
Chlamydia in MenSlide10Slide11
Gonorrhea
Cause
Highly contagious STD caused by bacteria.
Infects the linings of the genital and urinary tracts of males and females.
Methods of Transmission
Intimate Sexual Contact
A baby born to an infected female can be infected during childbirth
.
Symptoms in Males
Usually have a white, milky discharge from the penis
Burning sensation during urination
May experience pain and increased urination within 2 to 10 days after infection.
May not have symptoms but are still contagious.Slide12
Gonorrhea
Symptoms in Females
Many have no symptoms
Burning sensation when urinating
Discharge from the vagina that usually appear within 2 to 10 days after sexual contact.
Severe symptoms – bleeding between menstrual cycle, vomiting, fever.
Diagnosis
Gram stain is a test that involves placing a smear of the discharge on a slide stained with dye. Accurate for males, not females.
Preferred test for females is the culture test.
Treatment
Antibiotics
Follow- up with physician is necessary.
Complications
Bacteria can spread to the bloodstream and infect the joints, heart valves and the brain.
Cause permanent sterility.
Major cause of Pelvic Inflammatory DiseaseSlide13
Gonorrhea in WomenSlide14Slide15
Gonorrhea in MenSlide16Slide17Slide18
Syphilis
Cause
Cause by the spirochete bacteria.
Spirochete
is a spiral-shaped bacterium.
Enter the body through tiny breaks in the mucous membranes and then burrow their way into the bloodstream.
Methods of Transmission
Intimate Sexual Contact
Pregnant female to her fetus
Symptoms – 1
st
Stage
Primary syphilis – first stage of syphilis
First Symptom:
Chancre
– a painless, open sore that appears at the site where the spirochetes entered the body. (Might be on the genitals or in the mouth.)
Appear within 10 days to 3 months after exposure to syphilis.
The chancre will disappear within a few weeks whether or not a person is treated.Slide19
Syphilis
Symptoms – Secondary syphilis
Stage of syphilis characterized by a skin rash and begins anywhere from 3 – 6 weeks after the chancre appears.
Skin rash may cover the whole body or appear only in a few areas, such as the hands or soles of the feet.
Very contagious during this period.
Rash heals within several weeks or months.
Other symptoms – fever, tiredness, headache, sore throat, loss of weight and hair.
The symptoms will disappear without treatment and may come and go during the next 1 to 2 years.Slide20
Syphilis
Diagnosis
A blood test will detect the presence of the spirochetes that cause syphilis in any stage of the disease.
Treatment
Antibiotics
Need to have regular blood tests to check that the pathogens are no longer present.
Complications
If secondary syphilis is not treated –
Latent Syphilis
– stage of syphilis in which there are no
symptoms but
the spirochetes are still present and may damage tissues and organs.
Late Syphilis/Tertiary Syphilis
– the final stage of syphilis in which spirochetes damage body organs.Slide21
Primary Syphilis-ChancreSlide22Slide23
Secondary SyphilisSlide24Slide25
Syphilis sores
Syphilis
RashSlide26Slide27
SyphilisSlide28
Genital Herpes
Cause
STD caused by the herpes simplex virus that produces cold sores, or fever blisters in the genital area and mouth.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 – causes cold sores or fever blisters in the mouth or on the lips. May cause genital sores.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 – causes genital sores but also may cause sores in the mouth.
Viruses remain in the body for life!!
Methods of Transmission
Intimate Sexual Contact
Highly contagious when blisters break and from red, painful open sores.
Through touch, they can spread them to other areas.Slide29
Genital Herpes
Symptoms
Occur within a week after contact with infected partner.
Itching/Burning sensation
Pain in the legs, buttocks, or genital area
Vaginal Discharge
Feeling of pressure in the abdominal area.
Clusters of small, painful blisters that may develop into open sores appear in the genital area.
May last from 2 to 4 weeks and then disappear.
Diagnosis
Sores are usually visible.
Blood tests can be given to detect the presence of antibodies to HSV in the blood.Slide30
Genital Herpes
Treatment
No known cure for genital herpes
Acyclovir – antiviral drug approved for the treatment of herpes simplex infections.
Sores need to be kept clean and dry, hands need to be washed after contact with the sores.
Complications
Increases the risk of infection with HIV.
HIV can easily enter the body through broken blisters if people infected with herpes have intimate contact with a person who has HIV.Slide31Slide32
Herpes Simplex 1 (Oral)Slide33Slide34
Herpes Simplex 2 (Genital)Slide35
Human Papillomavirus - HPV
Anyone who has ever had genital contact with another person may have HPV. Both men and women may get it -- and pass it on-- without knowing it. Since there might not be any signs, a person may have HPV even if years have passed since he or she had sex. You are more likely to get HPV if you have:
sex at an early age,
many sex partners, or
a sex partner who has had many partners.
There are over 100 different kinds of HPV and not all of them cause health problems. Some kinds of HPV may cause problems like genital warts. Some kinds of HPV can also cause cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, or anus. Most of these problems are caused by types 6, 11, 16 or 18.Slide36
Human Papillomavirus - HPV
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). HPV is a different virus than
HIV
and
HSV
(herpes). HPV is so common that nearly all sexually active people get it at some point in their lives. There are many different types of HPV. Some types can cause health problems including genital warts and cancers. But there are vaccines that can stop these health problems from happeningSlide37Slide38
You can get HPV by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus. It is most commonly spread during vaginal or anal sex. HPV can be passed even when an infected person has no signs or symptoms.
Anyone who is sexually active can get HPV, even if you have had sex with only one person. You also can develop symptoms years after you have sex with someone who is infected. This makes it hard to know when you first became infected.Slide39
In most cases, HPV goes away on its own and does not cause any health problems. But when HPV does not go away, it can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer.
Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. They can be small or large, raised or flat, or shaped like a cauliflower. A healthcare provider can usually diagnose warts by looking at the genital area.Slide40
Genital WartsSlide41
Genital Warts
Cause
Caused by certain types of the HPV that produces wart-like growth on the genitals.
More than 60 different types of HPV have been discovered.
Methods of Transmission
Intimate Sexual Contact
Direct contact with infected bed linens, towels and clothing.
Spread from pregnant mother to baby.
Symptoms
Appear 3 – 8 months after infection.
Usually are soft, red, or pink and resemble a cauliflower.
Sometimes hard and yellow-gray.
May develop in the mouth, and near the genitals.Slide42
Genital Warts
Diagnosis
Pap smear for females
Several new laboratory tests can identify specific types of HPV.
Treatment
No treatment is available that will completely get rid of the virus causing genital warts.
Once infected, people will always have the virus in their bodies.
Laser surgery and using liquid nitrogen are two ways to attempt to remove the warts.
Complications
Embarrassment, can increase the risk of cancers of the cervix, vulva, anus, and penis.
Make urination for expectant mothers difficult. The warts enlarge during pregnancy.Slide43
HPV Warts in MenSlide44
HPVSlide45
HPV Warts in WomenSlide46Slide47Slide48
HPV can cause cervical and other
cancers
including cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis, or anus. It can also cause cancer in the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils (called
oropharyngeal
cancer
).
Cancer often takes years, even decades, to develop after a person gets HPV. The types of HPV that can cause genital warts are not the same as the types of HPV that can cause cancers.
There is no way to know which people who have HPV will develop cancer or other health problems. People with weak immune systems (including those with HIV/AIDS) may be less able to fight off HPV. They may also be more likely to develop health problems from HPV.Slide49Slide50
How can I avoid HPV and the health problems it can cause?
You can do several things to lower your chances of getting HPV.
Get vaccinated.
The HPV vaccine is safe and effective. It can protect against diseases (including cancers) caused by HPV when given in the recommended age groups. (See “Who should get vaccinated?” below) CDC recommends 11 to 12 year olds get two doses of HPV vaccine to protect against cancers caused by HPV. For more information on the recommendations, please see:
https://www.cdc.gov/hpv/parents/questions-answers.html
Get screened for cervical cancer
. Routine screening for women aged 21 to 65 years old can prevent cervical cancer.
If you are sexually active
Use latex condoms
the right way
every time you have sex. This can lower your chances of getting HPV. But HPV can infect areas not covered by a condom – so condoms may not fully protect against getting HPV;
Be in a mutually monogamous relationship – or have sex only with someone who only has sex with you.Slide51
How Do I Know if I have HPV?
There is no test to find out a person’s “HPV status.” Also, there is no approved HPV test to find HPV in the mouth or throat.
There are HPV tests that can be used to screen for cervical cancer. These tests are only recommended for screening in women aged 30 years and older. HPV tests are not recommended to screen men, adolescents, or women under the age of 30 years.
Most people with HPV do not know they are infected and never develop symptoms or health problems from it. Some people find out they have HPV when they get genital warts. Women may find out they have HPV when they get an abnormal Pap test result (during cervical cancer screening). Others may only find out once they’ve developed more serious problems from HPV, such as cancers.Slide52
How common is HPV and the health problems caused by HPV?
HPV (the virus):
About 79 million Americans are currently infected with HPV. About 14 million people become newly infected each year. HPV is so common that most sexually-active men and women will get at least one type of HPV at some point in their lives.
Health problems related to HPV include genital warts and cervical cancer.
Genital warts:
Before HPV vaccines were introduced, roughly 340,000 to 360,000 women and men were affected by genital warts caused by HPV every year.* Also, about one in 100 sexually active adults in the U.S. has genital warts at any given time.
Cervical cancer:
More than 11,000 women in the United States get cervical cancer each year.
There are other conditions and cancers
caused by HPV that occur in people living in the United States. Every year, approximately 17,600 women and 9,300 men are affected by cancers caused by HPV.
*These figures only look at the number of people who sought care for genital warts. This could be an underestimate of the actual number of people who get genital warts.Slide53
Pubic Lice
Cause
Infestation of the pubic hair by pubic or crab lice that survive by feeding on human blood.
Lice
are insects that pierce the skin and secrete a substance that causes itching and swelling.
Nits
are tiny white lice eggs that attach to body hair.
Methods of Transmission
Intimate Sexual Contact
Sleeping on infested sheets, wearing infested clothing, sharing infested towels, and sitting on a toilet seat that has been used by a person who has lice.
Symptoms
Itching in the pubic area.
Lice may be visible.Slide54
Pubic Lice
Diagnosis
A physician examines the body to find the lice.
Treatment
A prescription drug is used as a shampoo to kill the lice.
Complications
Discomfort from itching and irritation.Slide55Slide56Slide57
Viral Hepatitis
Cause
Viral infection of the liver.
Hepatitis A, B, C, E and delta hepatitis.
Methods of Transmission
Intimate Sexual Contact
Sharing contaminated drug needles.
Contaminated food and water.
Pregnant female to her baby.
Symptoms
Many people have no symptoms
Most common early symptoms – mild fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite.
Later symptoms – dark/foamy urine, pale colored feces, abdominal pain, and jaundice.Slide58
Viral Hepatitis
Diagnosis
Blood test
Treatment
Bed rest
Healthful diet
Avoidance of alcoholic beverages.
Drugs may
be prescribed
for improved liver function.
Vaccines are also now available.
Complications
Increases the risk of developing liver cancer.
Can lead to liver failure and death.
Many cases are not a serious threat to health.Slide59Slide60
Reduce the Risk of STD’s
Abstain from sex until you are married.
Change your behavior and be tested for STD’s and HIV if you have been sexually active.
Have a monogamous marriage if you choose to marry in the future.
Choose a drug-free lifestyle.
Avoid use of injection drugs.
Change your behavior if you use drugs.
Avoid sharing a needle to make tattoos or to pierce ears and other body parts.
Follow universal precautions.
Take other precautions to prevent STD’s.Slide61Slide62
Objective Questions
What are two STD’s for which there is no cure?
Why is it dangerous to share a needle for a tattoo or ear piercing?
Suppose that someone wrote an editorial in the newspaper saying that STD’s other than AIDS are nothing to worry about. Write a reply to the editorial entitled “Why STD’s are a big deal.”
This must be at least 2 paragraphs, with 4 sentences in each paragraph. Explain your answer!Slide63
Trichomoniasis
Cause
Caused by a single-celled protozoan.
Males – Most common infection site is the urethra.
Females – Most common infection site is the vagina.
Methods of Transmission
Intimate Sexual Contact
Protozoa may survive up to 24 hours on damp towels.
Sharing infected towels.
Vaginal Sprays and Douches
Symptoms in Males
Thin, whitish discharge from the penis
Painful, difficult urination.
Most males do not experience any symptoms.Slide64
Trichomoniasis
Symptoms in Females
About half of all infected females have no symptoms.
May be a yellow-green or gray vaginal discharge that has an odor.
Painful urination
Irritation or itching in the genital area
Diagnosis
A smear of the discharge is examined under a microscope.
Treatment
The drug Metronidazole is used to treat trichomoniasis.
Complications
May cause pregnant females to deliver low birth weight or premature babies.Slide65
Trichomoniasis
in WomenSlide66Slide67
Trichomoniasis
in MenSlide68