Sudden Illness Fainting Diabetic Emergencies Seizures Stroke Fainting Partial or complete loss of consciousness Cause Temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain When brain is deprived of blood it will momentarily shut down ID: 708002
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Sudden Illness Chapter 15" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Sudden Illness
Chapter 15Slide2
Sudden Illness
Fainting
Diabetic Emergencies
SeizuresStrokeSlide3
Fainting
Partial or complete loss of consciousness
Cause:
Temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain
When brain is deprived of blood, it will momentarily shut down
Triggers:
Emotionally stressful situationPainSpecific medical conditionStanding for long period of time/overexertionSudden change of position: laying down > standing upSlide4
Fainting
Can occur without any warning
Warning signs:
Sweating
Vomiting
Distortion or dimming of vision
Head/abdominal painSlide5
Fainting: Care
Self correcting condition
Victim will usually regain consciousness within a minute
Falling usually creates the injury; not fainting itself
Place victim on back and elevate feet
Loosen restrictive clothing
Check for life threatening injuriesSlide6
Fainting: Care
Do Not:
Give the victim food/water
Slap the victimSplash water on face
If the victim recovers quickly there is no need to call 9-1-1
Call physician or emergency department to determine if episode was linked to more serious conditionSlide7
Diabetes Mellitus
A chronic condition in which your body’s ability to break down sugars and carbohydrates are effected
Typically your body breaks down sugars and carbohydrates into
glucose
Glucose is needed to fuel the cells in your body, but your cells need
insulin
to take in the glucoseWith diabetes your body doesn’t:Make enough insulinCan’t use the insulinBothSlide8
Diabetes
7
th
leading cause of death in AmericaCan lead to other health issues
Kidney, heart, periodontal (tooth) disease
StrokeSlide9
Diabetic Emergency
Situation in which a victim becomes ill because of imbalance of insulin and sugar in bloodstream
Without proper balance the cells will starve and the body will not function properlySlide10
Diabetes Type I
Insulin dependent
The body produces little or no insulin
Tends to develop in childhood
Need daily injections of insulinSlide11
Diabetes Type II
The body produces insulin but the cells do not use it effectively or not enough is produced
May not need injections; only regulated dietSlide12Slide13
Insulin Imbalance Condition
Hyperglycemia
Insulin levels are too low, sugar levels too high
Hypoglycemia
Insulin levels too high, sugar levels too lowSlide14
Insulin Shock
Sugar is used too rapidly
Too much insulin
Fails to eat adequate or because of sudden illness cannot keep food down
Over exercise, burns off sugar too quickly
Experience great emotional stress
Because of lack of sugar, brain will not function properlySlide15
Insulin Shock
Signs & Symptoms
Dizziness
DrowsinessConfusion
Irregular breathing
Abnormal pulse
Feeling/looking illSlide16
Diabetic Emergency
If conscious
Check for non-life threatening injuries
FoodSugar, fruit juice, candy
If unconscious
Call 9-1-1
Monitor signs of life and breathingDO NOT try anything by mouthSlide17
Seizures
Normal function of brain is disrupted
Electrical activity becomes irregular resulting in loss of body control
Causes:
Injury
Disease
FeverPoisoningInfectionsChronic condition (epilepsy)Slide18
Seizures
Generally last 1-3 minutes
Victim may experience an Aura
Unusual sensation or feelingSuch as a visual hallucination
Strange sounds, taste, smell
Urgent need to get to safetySlide19
Seizures
During the seizure
Breathing may become irregular or stop
DroolEyes may roll upward
Body may become rigidSlide20
Seizures
Non-convulsive
Convulsive
Mild blackouts
Body will remain relatively still
Bystanders may mistake as daydreaming
More severe
Sudden, uncontrolled muscular contractions
Lasting several minutesSlide21
Seizures: Care
Do Not hold or restrain victim
Could cause injury
Do Not place anything in their mouthRarely bite tongue/cheeks
Move any objects such as furniture away
Try to stay calmSlide22
Seizures: Care
When over, victim will usually be drowsy and disoriented
Allow them to rest
Reassure victimCheck for any injuriesSlide23
Seizures: Care
When to call 9-1-1
Seizure lasts more than 5 min
Repeated seizures without regaining consciousness
Victim appears to be injured
No predisposing condition
PregnantInfant/child experiencing the seizureDiabeticTakes place in waterFails to regain consciousnessSlide24
Febrile Seizure
Infants or young children who could be at risk for epilepsy, as well as seizures brought on by a rapid body temperature increase
Common in children under 5 who have a rectal fever of 102 degrees
Infections will trigger it
Ear, throat, digestive systemSlide25
Febrile Seizures: Signs & Symptoms
Sudden rise in body temp
Change in consciousness
Rhythmic jerking of the head and limbs
Confusion
Drowsiness
Crying outBecoming rigidHolding breathRolling eyes upwardSlide26
Febrile Seizures: Care
Cool the body down immediately
Contact physician
Make them comfortableDO NOT try to restrain
DO NOT place anything in mouthSlide27
Stroke
Blood flow to the brain is cut off
Brain cells are then deprived of oxygen and begin to die
Causes:
Blood clots
Ruptured arteries in brain caused by head injury, high blood pressure
Aneurysm: weak area in the wall of an artery that balloons out and can ruptureTumor or swelling from head injurySlide28
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
“Mini Stroke” or “Warning Stroke”
Difference between a TIA and a stroke is a TIA is only a
temporary clot
Symptoms usually disappear within minutes or hours
Victims now have a higher chance of a stroke
Call 9-1-1Slide29
Hypertension
High Blood Pressure
This increases a risk for a stroke 7x’s
Putting pressure on arteries making them more likely to burstSlide30
Stroke Risk Factors
Unpreventable
Preventable
Age
Genetics
Family History
TIADiabetesHeart Disease
Control blood pressure
Do not smoke
Healthy Diet
Exercise Regularly
Control DiabetesSlide31
Stroke: Act FAST
F
Facial drooping
AArm weakness
S
Speech slurred
TTime: call 9-1-1 immediatelySlide32
Stroke: Signs & Symptoms
Looking/feeling ill
Abnormal behavior
Blurred vision
Unequal pupils
Severe headache
Confusion/change in moodDroolingLose bowel/bladder controlSlide33
Stroke: Care
Call 9-1-1
If unconscious; make sure airway is open
Check for non-life threatening injuriesReassure the victim
DO NOT give any food/drink
Use simple “yes” and “no” questions