The Age of Jefferson - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Age of JeffersonSlide2
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Election of 1800 (1 of 3)

Role of mudslinging

National Gazette (Freneau) v. Gazette of the United States (

Fenno

)

“Down with the tories, down with the British faction!”Sally Hemings rumorsAttack Ads (Reading #1)Slide4

Reading #1If Jefferson wins the election…

“The

Bible would be cast into a bonfire, our holy worship changed into a dance of Jacobin

phrensy

, our wives and daughters dishonored, and our sons converted to the disciples of Voltaire and the dragoons of Marat

.”*See image on next slide*Slide5
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“At the present

solomn

and momentous epoch, the only question to be asked by every American, laying his hand upon his heart is, “Shall I continue in allegiance to

GOD—AND A RELIGIOUS PRESIDENT;

Or impiously declare for JEFFERSON—AND NO GOD???”Slide7

Election of 1800 (2 of 3)Adams’s unpopularityAlien and Sedition Acts“the

most abominable and degrading Executive act that could fall from the lips of the first magistrate of an independent people

.”

Depicted as a miniature King George III

“The

reign of Mr. Adams has been one continued tempest of malignant passions. Indeed, the president has never opened his lips, or lifted his pen without threatening and scolding; the grand object of his administration has been to exasperate the rage of contending parties to culminate and destroy every man who differs from his opinions.”Slide8

Election of 1800 (3 of 3)Hamilton’s ArroganceAaron Burr carries New York3/5 Compromise help

The tie

Hamilton

breaks the tie, favors JeffersonSlide9

The “Revolution” of 1800Coined by JeffersonOverthrow of a tyrannical partyPeaceful transfer of power (Reading #2)

New ideals

Jefferson’s red hair, no wig

Walked to his inauguration

Toleration (Readings #3 & #4)

Few personal appearances to Congress…Slide10
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Reading #2“I have this morning witnessed on of the most interesting scenes a free people can ever witness. The changes of administration, which in every government and in every age have most generally been epochs of confusion, villainy and bloodshed, in this our happy country take place without any species of distraction or disorder.”Slide12

Reading #3“The

will of the majority is in all cases to prevail. [But] that will to be rightful must be reasonable; the minority possess their equal rights, which equal law must protect, and to violate would be oppression. . . . We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”Slide13

Reading #4“If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this Union or to change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it.”Slide14

Assessing Jefferson’s Presidency(1 of 5)Moderate, not radicalFederalists kept many posts

No attack on the Bank

No repeal of the tariff

No aid to France

Louisiana PurchaseSlide15

Assessing Jefferson’s Presidency(2 of 5)The role of dinner partiesViolin

Wine

Food

CharmSlide16

Assessing Jefferson’s Presidency(3 of 5)Ended excise taxes$1,000,000 decline in revenue, but…

Albert Gallatin

Laissez-faireSlide17

Assessing Jefferson’s Presidency(4 of 5)Barbary Coast PiratesTribute and ransoms to Algiers and Tripoli

“Shores of Tripoli”Slide18

Assessing Jefferson’s Presidency(5 of 5)

“The most extraordinary collection of talent, of human knowledge, that has ever been gathered together at the White House, with the possible exception of when Thomas Jefferson dined alone.”Slide19

Conflicts with the Judicial BranchLast vestige of the Federalists“Midnight Judges”“Few die, none resign.”

John Marshall, 35 years…

Marbury v. Madison

Judiciary Act of 1789

Issue of Separation of Powers

Birth of Judicial ReviewReading #5Slide20

Reading #5[A] legislative act contrary to the constitution is not law; [otherwise] written constitutions are absurd…

It is emphatically the province and duty of the Judicial department to say what the law is. . . .Slide21

LouisianaFrance gets it back from Spain!“The day that France takes possession of New Orleans, we must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation.”

Thomas Jefferson (how awkward!)

French loss of Haiti=decreased value for Louisiana

French with Britain

$15 million bargain

A step closer to an “empire of liberty”But, the Constitution… But time is ticking… (Reading #6)Slide22

But first a pic…Slide23

Reading #6“It is the case of a guardian, investing the money of his ward in purchasing an important adjacent territory; and saying to him when of age, I did this for your good; I pretend to no right to bind you; you may disavow me, and I must get out of the scrape as I can; I thought it my duty to risk myself for you.”Slide24

Aaron Burr Loses ItSwitches to Federalist Party; plots New England and New York secessionDuel with Hamilton

Louisiana conspiracy; trial for treason

Moves to France, wants Napoleon to invade AmericaSlide25

Neutrality ChallengedOld issueFrance and Britain at warBritain closes French ports to foreign trade

France does the same

American neutrality challenged

Shipping harassed

1808-1811: 6,000 citizens “impressed” by British

Chesapeake-Leopard AffairSlide26

Trade RestrictionsEmbargo Act, 1807Article I, Section 8, Clause 3

Shuts down exports

“Peaceful coercion”

Commerce destroyed

Ports empty

Crops and goods stockpile, glut marketFederalists urge nullification; New England mulls secessionSee reading #7 (next page)Non-Intercourse Act: resumes trade with all but Britain and France, but…Turns out it all hurt us more than it hurt themUnexpected benefit?—Encouraged domestic manufacturing in New EnglandMacon’s Bill No.2: a carrot and a stick? Will end neutrality…Slide27

Reading #7“Let every man who holds the name of America dear to him, stretch forth his hands and put this accursed thing, this Embargo from him. Be resolute, act like sons of liberty, of God, and your country; nerve your arm with vengeance against the Despot who would wrest the inestimable germ of your Independence from you—and you shall be

Conquerors!!!

”Slide28

Reading #8“The injuries received from France do not lessen the enormity of those heaped upon us by

England

. . . . In this ‘straight betwixt two’ we had an unquestionable right to select our enemy. We have given the preference to

Great Britain

. . . On account of her more flagrant wrongs.”Slide29

American Indian ProblemsWar hawks want to clear the WestTecumseh and

Tenskwatawa

(“The Prophet)

Battle of Tippecanoe

Harrison v.

TenskwatawaTecumseh dies fighting for British in 1813Battle of the ThamesProof that the British were backing the Indians all along?Slide30

Reading #8A“Sell a country? Why not sell the air, the clouds, and the great sea, as well as the earth? Did not the Great Spirit make them all for the use of his children?”Slide31

Reading #8B“[He was] one of those uncommon geniuses who spring up occasionally to produce revolutions and overturn the established order of things. If it were not for the vicinity of the United States, he would perhaps be founder of an Empire that would rival in glory that of Mexico or Peru.”Slide32

War of 1812British seen as the aggressorsactions at seaarming Indians

Republican bias toward French

Possibility of gaining Canada

also seen as the base of our Indian problems

Federalists oppose the war, almost treasonousSlide33

Reading #9“I prefer the troubled sea of war, demanded by the honor and independence of this country, with all tis calamities and desolation, to the tranquil and putrescent pool of ignominious peace.”Slide34

President John F. Kennedy called a meeting of Nobel Prize winners

“The most extraordinary collection of talent, of human knowledge, that has ever been gathered at the White House, with the possible exception of when Thomas Jefferson dined alone.”Slide35