Why Air Moves. Wind is created by differences in air pressure. Bigger difference = faster wind. Caused by unequal heating of earth. Air. The air by the equator is warm and rises. Low pressure. The air by the poles is cold and dense. ID: 537082
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Presentations text content in Wind Notes
Slide1
Wind Notes
Slide2
Why Air Moves
Wind is created by differences in air pressureBigger difference = faster windCaused by unequal heating of earth
Slide3
Air
The air by the equator is warm and risesLow pressureThe air by the poles is cold and denseHigh pressureWind will then travel from poles to equatorMove from area of high pressure to area of low
Slide4
Pressure Belts
Wind travels in small belt pattersIt never travels too far because it will cool as it moves and sink back downMoves at a about 30 degrees at a time or down the earth
Slide5
Earth
’
s rotation affects wind direction
Without the earths rotation the global winds would flow directly from the poles to the equator. Coriolis EffectInfluence of Earth’s rotation on objects that move over Earth.
Slide6
The Coriolis Effect
The wind does not travel perfectly north to southEarth’s rotation causes wind to travel in a curved path
Slide7
Coriolis Effect
Global winds curve as Earth turns beneath them.
Northern Hemisphere
Winds curve to the rightSouthern HemisphereWinds curve to the leftOnly noticeable for winds that travel long distances.Causes global winds to travel along 3 routes in each hemisphereRoutes are called global wind belts
Slide8
Types of Wind
Local windSea BreezeLand BreezeMonsoon – Seasonal changes in windGlobal windDoldrums / Horse LatitudesEasterlies / WesterliesJet StreamBoth caused by uneven heating
Slide9
Global Winds
The distance winds travel varies.
Some winds die out quickly
Global windsWinds that travel long distances in steady patterns over several weeksCaused by uneven heating between the equator and the north and south poles
Sunlight is concentrated near the equator because it strikes the surface directly
Sunlight is more spread out near the poles because it strikes at a lower angle
Slide10
Global Winds Continued
Near the equator concentrated sunlight heats the surface to a high temperature. Warm air rises, producing low pressure.
In regions closer to the poles, the sunlight is more spread out. The air above them is cooler and dense. Sinking dense air produces high pressure that sets global winds in motion.
Slide11
Calm Regions
Doldrums
Low-pressure zones near equator
The rising, moist air produces clouds and heavy rain.Horse LatitudesHigh-pressure zones located 30 degrees north and south of the equator.Clear and dry weather
Slide12
Wind Belts
Coriolis
effect creates 3 wind belts
in each hemisphereTrade WindsBlow from east. Move towards equator. Die out as they near the equatorWesterliesBlow from the west. Move towards the poles. Brings storms across much of the U.S.EasterliesBlow from the east. Move towards mid-latitudes. Storms occur when cold air from easterlies meets the warm air of the westerlies.
Slide13Slide14Slide15
Effects of Wind on Travel
How would wind effect travel?
Sailors used to dread traveling through the doldrums and the horse latitudes because there
wasn’t enough wind.To avoid the calm regions, sailors sought out global wind beltsSailors rely on trade winds to get across the ocean
Slide16
Jet streams flow near the top of the troposphere
Jet streams
Flow in upper troposphere
Travels west to eastOften moves at high speeds (greater than 124 mi/hr).Form because Earth’s surface is heated unevenly.Loop north and south
Slide17
Jet Streams
Each hemisphere has 2 jet streamsSubtropical jet streamFlow closer to poles in SUMMERPolar jet streamHas a strong influence of weatherCan pull cold air down from Canada or pull warm air up.Strong storms form along its loops
Slide18
Patterns of heating and cooling cause local
winds
Local Winds
Some winds change daily in a regular pattern.Blow within small areasLand breezes and Sea breezes are similar but opposite.
Slide19
Land Breeze / Sea Breeze
Slide20
Land Breeze
Wind blows from the land to the oceanHappens during the NightLand cools down causing it to have a low air pressureWater maintains its temperature causing it to have a higher air pressureAir will move from high pressure to low pressureIt will move from the land to water
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DownloadNote - The PPT/PDF document "Wind Notes" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Presentations text content in Wind Notes
Wind Notes
Slide2Why Air Moves
Wind is created by differences in air pressureBigger difference = faster windCaused by unequal heating of earth
Slide3Air
The air by the equator is warm and risesLow pressureThe air by the poles is cold and denseHigh pressureWind will then travel from poles to equatorMove from area of high pressure to area of low
Slide4Pressure Belts
Wind travels in small belt pattersIt never travels too far because it will cool as it moves and sink back downMoves at a about 30 degrees at a time or down the earth
Slide5Earth
’
s rotation affects wind direction
Without the earths rotation the global winds would flow directly from the poles to the equator. Coriolis EffectInfluence of Earth’s rotation on objects that move over Earth.
Slide6The Coriolis Effect
The wind does not travel perfectly north to southEarth’s rotation causes wind to travel in a curved path
Slide7Coriolis Effect
Global winds curve as Earth turns beneath them.
Northern Hemisphere
Winds curve to the rightSouthern HemisphereWinds curve to the leftOnly noticeable for winds that travel long distances.Causes global winds to travel along 3 routes in each hemisphereRoutes are called global wind belts
Slide8Types of Wind
Local windSea BreezeLand BreezeMonsoon – Seasonal changes in windGlobal windDoldrums / Horse LatitudesEasterlies / WesterliesJet StreamBoth caused by uneven heating
Slide9Global Winds
The distance winds travel varies.
Some winds die out quickly
Global windsWinds that travel long distances in steady patterns over several weeksCaused by uneven heating between the equator and the north and south poles
Sunlight is concentrated near the equator because it strikes the surface directly
Sunlight is more spread out near the poles because it strikes at a lower angle
Slide10Global Winds Continued
Near the equator concentrated sunlight heats the surface to a high temperature. Warm air rises, producing low pressure.
In regions closer to the poles, the sunlight is more spread out. The air above them is cooler and dense. Sinking dense air produces high pressure that sets global winds in motion.
Slide11Calm Regions
Doldrums
Low-pressure zones near equator
The rising, moist air produces clouds and heavy rain.Horse LatitudesHigh-pressure zones located 30 degrees north and south of the equator.Clear and dry weather
Slide12Wind Belts
Coriolis
effect creates 3 wind belts
in each hemisphereTrade WindsBlow from east. Move towards equator. Die out as they near the equatorWesterliesBlow from the west. Move towards the poles. Brings storms across much of the U.S.EasterliesBlow from the east. Move towards mid-latitudes. Storms occur when cold air from easterlies meets the warm air of the westerlies.
Slide13Slide14Slide15Effects of Wind on Travel
How would wind effect travel?
Sailors used to dread traveling through the doldrums and the horse latitudes because there
wasn’t enough wind.To avoid the calm regions, sailors sought out global wind beltsSailors rely on trade winds to get across the ocean
Slide16Jet streams flow near the top of the troposphere
Jet streams
Flow in upper troposphere
Travels west to eastOften moves at high speeds (greater than 124 mi/hr).Form because Earth’s surface is heated unevenly.Loop north and south
Slide17Jet Streams
Each hemisphere has 2 jet streamsSubtropical jet streamFlow closer to poles in SUMMERPolar jet streamHas a strong influence of weatherCan pull cold air down from Canada or pull warm air up.Strong storms form along its loops
Slide18Patterns of heating and cooling cause local
winds
Local Winds
Some winds change daily in a regular pattern.Blow within small areasLand breezes and Sea breezes are similar but opposite.
Slide19Land Breeze / Sea Breeze
Slide20Land Breeze
Wind blows from the land to the oceanHappens during the NightLand cools down causing it to have a low air pressureWater maintains its temperature causing it to have a higher air pressureAir will move from high pressure to low pressureIt will move from the land to water