/
Writing Systems in the East Writing Systems in the East

Writing Systems in the East - PowerPoint Presentation

lois-ondreau
lois-ondreau . @lois-ondreau
Follow
383 views
Uploaded On 2016-04-28

Writing Systems in the East - PPT Presentation

Lingfei zhou Jingyu guan shuo wang qin li Pro W A Johnson Greek civ duke Kunshan university Writing systems in the East 1 Step 1 What is the East Writing System Writing systems in the East ID: 296680

east writing dongba systems writing east systems dongba signs chinese greek system language making script alphabet people dynasty cuneiform

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Writing Systems in the East" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Writing Systems in the East

Lingfei zhou; Jingyu guan; shuo wang; qin li. Pro. W A. JohnsonGreek civ, duke Kunshan university

Writing systems in the East

1Slide2

Step 1 What is the East Writing System?

Writing systems in the East 2Slide3

Oracle Bone Script

Writing systems in the East 3Slide4

Development in ShapeWriting systems in the East

4日

Sun MoonSlide5

Development in Sound

single syllable zero-consonantal syllable like “啊”, pronounced Ah, IPA[A]limited variety in pronunciationWriting systems in the East 5Slide6

Development in MeaningWriting systems in the East

6比(to compare)

“water”

river

” is “

hu

ì

(IPA[

xei

])

”,

” are both pronounced “

hu

ì

”Slide7

Dongba SymbolsSlide8

Origin and development

The Dongba script appears to be an independent ancient writing system, though presumably it was created in the environment of older scripts. According to Dongba Revolution in China, the use of Dongba was discouraged.In 1957, the Chinese governmreligious fables, the Dongba script was created by the founder of the Bön religious tradition of Tibet, Tönpa Shenrab (Tibetan: ston

pa gshen rab) or

Shenrab Miwo (Tibetan:

gshen

rab

mi

bo

). From Chinese historical documents, it is clear that

dongba

was used as early as the 7th century, during the early Tang Dynasty. By the Song Dynasty in the 10th century,

dongba

was widely used by the

Naxi

people. It continues to be used in certain areas; thus, it is the only pictographic language in the world still actively maintained.

After the 1949 Communist

ent

implemented a Latin-based phonographic writing system for

Naxi.During

the Cultural Revolution, thousands of manuscripts were destroyed. Paper and cloth writings were boiled into construction paste for building houses. About half of the

dongba

manuscripts that survive today had been taken from China to the United States, Germany and Spain.

Today

Dongba

is nearly extinct, and the Chinese government is trying to revive it in an attempt to preserve

Naxi

culture. Slide9

Usage

The script was originally used as a prompt for the recitation of ritual texts. For inventories, contracts, and letters, the geba script was used. Milnor concludes it is "unlikely that it [the Dongba script] would make the minor developmental leap to becoming a full-blown writing system. It arose a number of centuries ago to serve a particular ritual purpose. As its purpose need not expand to the realm of daily use among non-religious specialists—after all, literate Naxi today, as in the past, write in Chinese—at most it will presumably but continue to fulfill the needs of demon exorcism, amusing tourists and the like."Tourists to southern China are likely to encounter Dongba in the Ancient City of Lijiang where many businesses are adorned with signs in three languages: Dongba, Chinese, and EnglishSlide10
Slide11

Structure and form

Dongba is both pictographic and ideographic. There are about a thousand glyphs, but this number is fluid as new glyphs are coined. Priests drew detailed pictures to record information, and illustrations were simplified and conventionalized to represent not only materialistic objects but also abstract ideas. Glyphs are often compounded to convey the idea of a particular word. Generally, as a mnemonic, only keywords are written; a single pictograph can be used to recite different phrases or an entire sentence.Examples of Dongba rebus include using a picture of two eyes, to represent fate ,a rice bowl for both 'food' and 'sleep', and a picture of a goral stands in for an aspectual particle.Slide12

Step 2

Writing systems in the East 12Chronological Order

Chinese

Greek

Cuneiform(3200BC)

Hieroglyph (

3

000 BC)

Oracle (14century BC)

《the book of songs》

诗经

(11century)

Greek Alphabet(800BC)

LinearB

(1500-1200BC)

《Iliad》(760-710BC)

bronze

inscription

(1300BC)

Hsiao

chuan

小篆

(221BC)

隶书

(Qin Dynasty)

《Homer》(9-8century BC)

A sign “X”(5000BC)

Some Signs (7000 BC)

Hieroglyph (3400 BC)

“日”“月”“

X”

#”

、“∞”、“▽”“△”Slide13

When and where

Did they go their separate ways?Writing systems in the East 13Slide14

Until

the moment of Linear B, still similarMeaning: signs represent something Shape-forming: abstraction of pictures Pronunciation: single syllable (Chinese Oracles at that time probably did so, but remain a hypothesis). Writing systems in the East

14Slide15

Writing systems in the East 15But what on earth happened later? Why did they become different and why

?

Did you know that the a group of people’s passion for

making money

had saved the Greek language?

Let’s explore.Slide16

“WE LOVE MONEY!”

Users of this upswing language were a group of people extremely good at navigation and making money, even better than Jewish. They were brave, aggressive and intelligent, engaged in trade around the Mediterranean. Everything involves making money attracted them to struggle for, whatever it was normal business or slave trade. Writing systems in the East

16Slide17

Writing systems in the East

17Slide18

business boomed

“official language”-cuneiform, was not convenient at

all(in accounting ,

etc

).

The cuneiform

was blocking their rapid speed of

blossoming

Writing systems in the East

18

Logical trainSlide19

Writing systems in the East

19So they quickly created some new “signs” directly representing some consonants that could help them recognize words at the soonest, even this list of signs were absent from vowels.Slide20

Writing systems in the East

20In fact, these non-vowel signs was a creative combination of Babylon cuneiform signs which evolved from Sumerian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyph signs. Later on, this so-called “alphabet” invention was so succinct and effective that it was used broadly, even affected Greek people who were in the lack of writing system, crying for the loss of Linear B. Slide21

Actually this intelligent and profit-minded group of people were called Phoenicians, who had no idea that their great passion for making money had even saved Greece.

Writing systems in the East 21Slide22

So that was exactly what happened.

The Greek language rebirthed by adopting this new mode of thinking and new signs of recording their vocal language. use some visual signs to “record” and “spell” their vocal language instead of giving each of them a syllable and making them represent something. unlimited words, more adaptive and easier to learn that the latter one. Then, Greek people added vowels in it, making this alphabet more suitable for Greek language and adjusted its number, finally making it a 24-letter complete alphabet writing system of Greek language.Writing systems in the East 22Slide23

While Chinese

writing system kept developing in the sense of logograph, using signs, that is, characters to represent things and give them pronunciation. What wonderful in Chinese characters is the cultural deposit they preserved in the long run of history and through what we can see ancestors wisdom and their world view.23Slide24

Basically, it is now clear that

it was the loss of Linear B and the accidental appearance of Phoenician which they adopted later successfully that made these two writing system begun to go their separate ways. Then story on these two continents changed as well.Writing systems in the East 24Slide25

How can you do that? They are all languages in nature, which adopted to their unique environment with different approaches to solve problems. You can go fishing with either your rod or your net.

Writing systems in the East 25Slide26

Poems

It is the mares that bear me, as far as my heart desires, may you be very happy when you set out in the light of dawn…. May you mount the chariot and have the road open before you. May the Wind Monarch and the Rain Legions wet down the road [to reduce the dust]. … May the Green Goddess travel at your side. with the maidens, Daughters of the Sun, hurrying to escort me, having left behind the House of Night for the light, pushing the veils from their heads with their hands. Writing systems in the East 26

In a felicitous year and a good month, an auspicious day and a fortunate

hour,

as the divine maidens place me upon the auspicious path of the

Dragon,

a path that can carry a man with understanding as far as the stars. Thereon am I borne, as the wise mares strain to pull the chariot … May the White Tiger help you advance. May the Vermillion bird [the sun] lead you. May Xuanwu [god of night and darkness] be your companion. … May you have joy without

end….Slide27

Shape and SoundWriting systems in the East

27LogographyCuneiformChinese Bone Script

Hieroglyphic

Phonography

Early

Syllabaries

Phoenician

Alphabet

Pictographic

(ideographs)Slide28

bei and bei

北 North背 BackWriting systems in the East 28

通假字

六书Slide29

Six CategoriesWriting systems in the East

29

East Han Dynasty (25-220)

9000+ words

82%

形声字

Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279)

23000

+ words

90

%

形声字

Modern Chinese

7000

+ words

(Commonly used

)

80%

形声字

形 声 字

shape sound word Slide30

Spectrum

30Shape

Sound

Pictograph

Alphabet

Chinese

😵

🔡 

🐶

😁

😌 

“Not

until modern times has English and French Orthography abandoned Greek hyperphoneticism to return to a partly semasiographic and logographic writing

.”

Powell. Page 244

😵

English

Pseudoscience…Slide31

THX

Writing systems in the East 31