/
AP Psych DMA AP Psych DMA

AP Psych DMA - PowerPoint Presentation

luanne-stotts
luanne-stotts . @luanne-stotts
Follow
399 views
Uploaded On 2016-02-23

AP Psych DMA - PPT Presentation

In Pavlovs experiments the dogs salivation triggered by the taste of food was an An event that increases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is an Please turn in FRQ 3 Dont forget to write down the questions amp to leave room for your answers ID: 227471

albert amp baby watson amp albert watson baby experiment clip negative reinforcement rat reinforcer subject clapping stimulus white positive

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "AP Psych DMA" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

Slide1

AP Psych DMA

In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an….

An event that increases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is an….

Please turn in FRQ #3

Don’t forget to write down the questions & to leave room for your answers.Slide2

Today’s Agenda

DMA/turn in FRQ

Review session info

FRQ expectationsExample of ConditioningLittle AlbertSchedules of reinforcementHomework:Chap. 8 notes due Thursday, Oct. 27thChap. 8 test – Thursday, Oct. 27thSlide3

Chap. 8 Test Review Session

7:00 AM Wheeler’s room Wednesday, Oct. 26

th

Slide4

FRQ Expectations

Formative

FRQs

– writing 1st drafts, turning in for feedback10 points eachYou will only receive 10 points if you…Submit a full draftALL parts of the question have been addressedALL terms have been defined & appliedTDA has been followed

26

students submitted FRQ drafts on Friday

12 of them failed because they did not submit full drafts

.Slide5

Who was Skinner?

What did he research?

Discuss with a neighborSlide6

Please take out a piece of

paper & grab a textbook…Slide7

I need a volunteer…

You will get

damp

Slide8

Please

write your responses on your paper…

1. Please

identify each of these for the squirt bottle demonstration.NS, UCS, UCR, CS and CRSlide9

More questions to answer on your paper…

2.

What

is reinforcement?3. What is the difference between positive & negative reinforcement? Please give examplesSlide10

What is reinforcement?

Any event that increases the frequency of a preceding action.

What is the difference between positive & negative reinforcement?

Positive – strengthens a response by presenting a (typically) pleasurable stimulus.Food, attention, approval, money…Negative – strengthens a response by reducing or removing an averse stimulus.Taking an Aspirin for a headache, smoking a cigarette to calm down, hitting the snooze button…Slide11

Office Clip

sorry abou

t the poor picture quality…

ClipSlide12

On your paper, please answer

4. Identify

the NS, UCS, UCR, CS and CR from

The Office clip.Slide13

Conditioning & Gaming…

ClipSlide14

I need 3 volunteersSlide15

Boo/Clapping Operant Conditioning

We need an action (different one for each volunteer)

When our 1

st subject comes in…Clap every time he/she gets close to or does something like the actionWe’re trying to shape their behavior.When our 2nd subject comes in…Boo continuously until he/she does what we want.

3

rd

subject – will get boos & clapping

DO NOT prompt them in anyway (except by using the proper

reinforcer

).Slide16

Please answer on your paper…

5. Why

was the clapping a positive

reinforcer?6. Why was the booing a negative reinforcer?7. How did we shape the subject’s behavior?8. Was the booing/clapping a primary or secondary/conditioned reinforcer?9. What type of reinforcement schedule did we use? Page 326-327 if you need to refresh your memory.Slide17

Little Albert

Watson & RaynerSlide18

Historical Importance

Turn of the century

everybody

is into Freud and psychoanalysisPavlov and Watson move us into behaviorism. Radically opposed to the psychoanalytic viewpoint.First to assert that emotional responses exist because we have conditioned to respond to certain stimuli in the environment.Slide19

Jumping the gun a bit

Watson is famous for the following quote:

“Give

me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own special world to bring them up in , and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant, and ,yes, beggarman and thief.” (Watson, 1913)Slide20

Emotional Theory

Watson theorized

that…

If a stimulus that automatically produces a certain emotion in you (such as fear) is repeatedly experienced at the same moment as a neutral stimulus (such as a rat) …the NS will become associated in your brain with fear.Slide21

Bringing up Baby

Albert B. was the subject recruited for this experiment.

Albert was 11 months old. He was obtained from a hospital where he had been raised as an orphan.

There was considerable hesitation on part of the researchers, but they went ahead with the experiment.Slide22

There is NO WAY this experiment would be performed today

Basic ethical standards would prohibit it.Slide23

Watson and Rayner justified the experiment by explaining that such emotional pairings happen naturally, and that they intended to uncondition the baby

.

(This never occurred as Albert was adopted before they had a chance

.)Note: Watson and Rayner were not cruel or sadistic people. This was before ethical standards existed. Slide24

But on to the experiment:

First Albert was exposed to a variety of stimuli:

A white rat

A rabbitA monkeyA dogMasksWhite cotton woolHe was curious, but emotionally unaffected.Slide25

Now for the fear

UCS was a loud noise caused by hitting a four foot steel bar with a hammer.

The NS was a rat.

The process was repeated seven times.Afterward, the rat alone caused Albert to cry.Slide26

Generalization

When presented with a white rabbit, He leaned away, whimpered, and then burst into tears

.

Remember – Albert was NOT conditioned to be afraid of the rabbit.Slide27

He also had bad reactions to a dog, a white fur coat, a package of cotton, a Santa mask, and Watson’s head (he had gray hair

.)

To test whether the location (room) had any bearing the experimenters changed rooms.

Albert still had a negative reaction, although it was lesser.Slide28

Why does this matter?

BIG factor in the explanation and treatment of

phobias

Applicable to studies like Sullivan & Lewis’ work with the facial expressions of infants i.e. how can we understand what baby is feeling in order to help baby out?Slide29

Watson & Baby Albert

Video clip