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Atmosphere and Winds Atmosphere and Winds

Atmosphere and Winds - PowerPoint Presentation

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Atmosphere and Winds - PPT Presentation

E4p2XAF I Characteristics of the Atmosphere Composition of the Atmosphere Atmosphere mixture of gases around the Earth 78 Nitrogenreleased from decayeruptions 21 Oxygen 1 Other Carbon Dioxide Argon ID: 515484

air pressure energy atmosphere pressure air atmosphere energy winds wind layer high belts effect thermal radiation degrees equator cold greenhouse moves earth

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Atmosphere and Winds

E4.p2X-A,F, ISlide2

Characteristics of the AtmosphereSlide3

Composition of the Atmosphere

Atmosphere

-mixture of gases around the Earth

78% Nitrogen-(released from decay/eruptions)

21% Oxygen

1% Other- (Carbon Dioxide, Argon)Can also contain liquid and solidsWater vaporDirt, smoke, ash, etcSlide4

Pressure

Air Pressure-

measure of force which air molecules push on a surface

Changes throughout the atmosphereSlide5

Atmosphere is held around the planet by gravity

Gravity pulls at the air molecules, giving them greater weight the closer they are to the Earth

Altitude-

height of an object above Earth’s surface

As altitude increases, pressure decreasesSlide6

Layers of the Atmosphere

Troposhere

-

Lowest layer

90% of atmosphere’s mass

Stratosphere-Second lowest layerExtremely cold, moisture-less, Contains the Ozone LayerSlide7

Layer cont...

Mesosphere-

Second highest layer

Coldest layer ( -93 degree Celsius)

Contains large wind storm

Thermosphere-Uppermost layer Highest temps due to spread of particlesSlide8

A Fifth Layer?

Ionosphere-

Upper

Meso

and Lower

ThermospheresAbsorbs gamma and X-raysReflects radio waves and radiant energy in colorsSlide9

Assignment Day 1

1.What is the connection between altitude and pressure?

2. What is the relationship between gravity and pressure?

3. Define- atmosphere, air pressure, altitude

4. Draw a Diagram of the Layers of the Atmosphere

Include: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphereSlide10

Heating the AtmosphereSlide11

Do Now

What does this pie chart represent?

Gases of the Atmosphere!

78% N

21% O

1% otherSlide12

Temperature-

amount of energy in a given space

Please Draw

Slide13

Energy in the Atmosphere

What are the three ways thermal energy is transferred?

Convection

Conduction

RadiationSlide14

Radiation

How Earth receives Sun’s energy

Sun’s Radiation:Slide15

Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Effect-

atmosphere traps thermal energy

Atmosphere!

Sun’s RadiationSlide16

Greenhouse Gases-

Gases that raise the temp of the atmosphere

Ex: Carbon dioxide

Global Warming-

rise in

avg global tempsRadiation Balance- balance between incoming energy from the sun and outgoing energy into spacePlanting trees helps maintain balanceSlide17

Assignment Day 2

1. What are the three types of thermal energy transfer?

2. Which type of thermal energy transfer is how the Earth get’s energy from the sun?

3. Which type of thermal energy transfer causes winds? (Think of the circular motion)

4

. Please draw and label the greenhouse effect.5. Why does the planting of trees help with radiation balance?Slide18

Pressure and WindsSlide19

Wind

Which type of thermal energy transfer is the cause of wind?

CONVECTION/CONVECTION CURRENTS!

Wind-

moving air

Wind and wind movements are causes by differences in air pressureSlide20

Why Air Moves

Greater pressure, faster wind movement

Pressure caused by uneven heating of Earth

High Pressure

Polar air is cold and dense

Cold, sinking air creates high pressure areaLow PressureEquator air is warm and less denseRises and creates low pressure areaSlide21

Pressure difference causes air movement

Air generally moves from high to low pressure

Please DrawSlide22

Pressure Belts

Low Pressure Belts-

Equator

60 degrees N and S

High Pressure Belts-

30 degrees N and S N and S PolesSlide23

Cause for Pressure Belts

Pressure Belts AKA Convection Cells

High Pressure

Warm air from Equator moves towards Poles

At about 30 degrees, air begins to cool and sinks

Low PressureCold air from Poles moves towards EquatorAt about 60 degrees, air begins to warm and risesSlide24

Coriolis Effect

Coriolis Effect-

Curving motion of objects and wind due to Earth’s rotation

Winds don’t blow directly North or South

Affected

by rotationSlide25

Types of Winds

Trade Winds

Between equator and 30 degree both

hemis

Westerlies

Between 30-60 degrees in both hemisFlow to the west, opposite of trade windsEasterliesBetween 60degrees and poles in both hemis

Cold, sinking air flows to the eastSlide26

Types of Winds (cont

)

Doldrums

low pressure at Equator where trade winds meet

Horse Latitudes

30 degree area of high pressureJet StreamsNarrow belts of high speed winds (up to 500mph)Local WindsMove short distances in any directionSlide27
Slide28

Assignment Day 3

1. How does the Coriolis Effect affect winds?

2. Where are the Doldrums and the Horse Latitudes located at?

3. What factor(s) cause wind?

4. What is the difference between high pressure and low pressure areas?

5. What is the other name for the Pressure Belts? Explain why this makes sense.