E4p2XAF I Characteristics of the Atmosphere Composition of the Atmosphere Atmosphere mixture of gases around the Earth 78 Nitrogenreleased from decayeruptions 21 Oxygen 1 Other Carbon Dioxide Argon ID: 515484
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Slide1
Atmosphere and Winds
E4.p2X-A,F, ISlide2
Characteristics of the AtmosphereSlide3
Composition of the Atmosphere
Atmosphere
-mixture of gases around the Earth
78% Nitrogen-(released from decay/eruptions)
21% Oxygen
1% Other- (Carbon Dioxide, Argon)Can also contain liquid and solidsWater vaporDirt, smoke, ash, etcSlide4
Pressure
Air Pressure-
measure of force which air molecules push on a surface
Changes throughout the atmosphereSlide5
Atmosphere is held around the planet by gravity
Gravity pulls at the air molecules, giving them greater weight the closer they are to the Earth
Altitude-
height of an object above Earth’s surface
As altitude increases, pressure decreasesSlide6
Layers of the Atmosphere
Troposhere
-
Lowest layer
90% of atmosphere’s mass
Stratosphere-Second lowest layerExtremely cold, moisture-less, Contains the Ozone LayerSlide7
Layer cont...
Mesosphere-
Second highest layer
Coldest layer ( -93 degree Celsius)
Contains large wind storm
Thermosphere-Uppermost layer Highest temps due to spread of particlesSlide8
A Fifth Layer?
Ionosphere-
Upper
Meso
and Lower
ThermospheresAbsorbs gamma and X-raysReflects radio waves and radiant energy in colorsSlide9
Assignment Day 1
1.What is the connection between altitude and pressure?
2. What is the relationship between gravity and pressure?
3. Define- atmosphere, air pressure, altitude
4. Draw a Diagram of the Layers of the Atmosphere
Include: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphereSlide10
Heating the AtmosphereSlide11
Do Now
What does this pie chart represent?
Gases of the Atmosphere!
78% N
21% O
1% otherSlide12
Temperature-
amount of energy in a given space
Please Draw
Slide13
Energy in the Atmosphere
What are the three ways thermal energy is transferred?
Convection
Conduction
RadiationSlide14
Radiation
How Earth receives Sun’s energy
Sun’s Radiation:Slide15
Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect-
atmosphere traps thermal energy
Atmosphere!
Sun’s RadiationSlide16
Greenhouse Gases-
Gases that raise the temp of the atmosphere
Ex: Carbon dioxide
Global Warming-
rise in
avg global tempsRadiation Balance- balance between incoming energy from the sun and outgoing energy into spacePlanting trees helps maintain balanceSlide17
Assignment Day 2
1. What are the three types of thermal energy transfer?
2. Which type of thermal energy transfer is how the Earth get’s energy from the sun?
3. Which type of thermal energy transfer causes winds? (Think of the circular motion)
4
. Please draw and label the greenhouse effect.5. Why does the planting of trees help with radiation balance?Slide18
Pressure and WindsSlide19
Wind
Which type of thermal energy transfer is the cause of wind?
CONVECTION/CONVECTION CURRENTS!
Wind-
moving air
Wind and wind movements are causes by differences in air pressureSlide20
Why Air Moves
Greater pressure, faster wind movement
Pressure caused by uneven heating of Earth
High Pressure
Polar air is cold and dense
Cold, sinking air creates high pressure areaLow PressureEquator air is warm and less denseRises and creates low pressure areaSlide21
Pressure difference causes air movement
Air generally moves from high to low pressure
Please DrawSlide22
Pressure Belts
Low Pressure Belts-
Equator
60 degrees N and S
High Pressure Belts-
30 degrees N and S N and S PolesSlide23
Cause for Pressure Belts
Pressure Belts AKA Convection Cells
High Pressure
Warm air from Equator moves towards Poles
At about 30 degrees, air begins to cool and sinks
Low PressureCold air from Poles moves towards EquatorAt about 60 degrees, air begins to warm and risesSlide24
Coriolis Effect
Coriolis Effect-
Curving motion of objects and wind due to Earth’s rotation
Winds don’t blow directly North or South
Affected
by rotationSlide25
Types of Winds
Trade Winds
Between equator and 30 degree both
hemis
Westerlies
Between 30-60 degrees in both hemisFlow to the west, opposite of trade windsEasterliesBetween 60degrees and poles in both hemis
Cold, sinking air flows to the eastSlide26
Types of Winds (cont
)
Doldrums
low pressure at Equator where trade winds meet
Horse Latitudes
30 degree area of high pressureJet StreamsNarrow belts of high speed winds (up to 500mph)Local WindsMove short distances in any directionSlide27Slide28
Assignment Day 3
1. How does the Coriolis Effect affect winds?
2. Where are the Doldrums and the Horse Latitudes located at?
3. What factor(s) cause wind?
4. What is the difference between high pressure and low pressure areas?
5. What is the other name for the Pressure Belts? Explain why this makes sense.