Why do some areas of the world have higher fertility rates BABY O MATIC How many will you have Why do governments care about fertility What can be done to control fertility What is Fertility ID: 614434
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Slide1
BR and Fertility
Why do some area’s of the world have higher fertility rates?
BABY O MATIC
How many will you have?
Why do governments care about fertility?
What can be done to control fertility?Slide2
What is Fertility?
The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography states that
Fertility
is a terms which refers in general context to all aspects of human reproduction leading to live births, but in a narrow sense to the achieved number of live births. Slide3
Global Trends
The United Nations is a key observer in global population trends and it has a few agencies that monitor different aspects of the population. The main agency is the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA).
Fertility Rate
is the number of children born to women of child-bearing age. Slide4
Birth Rates, Total Fertility Rates and Replacement Rates
Crude Birth Rate
is the number of babies born per 1,000 population
Total Fertility Rate
(TFR) is the number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime, based on the current birth rates. The present world average is 3.1. The TFR is one of the best indicators of population growth.
In 1998 the UN stated that 2.1 was the TFR needed by a country to replace its population.
The Replacement Rate
is when there are just enough children born to balance the number of people who die. Slide5
What are the fertility issues?
Fact – Many countries have too many people
Fact – Some countries have too few people Fact – Some countries have ethnic, social, cultural, economic, political, environmental problems
So how do countries control/improve their fertility?Slide6
What are the factors that influence Fertility?
Biological factors
Marriage Patterns Patterns of sexual activity
Length of Breastfeeding
Induced Abortion
Sterility
Use of contraceptionSlide7
Higher levels of family planning use are associated with lower levels of childbearing.
In Africa, where a small proportion of married women of childbearing age practice family planning (26 percent), on average women have more than five children each.
In contrast, in more developed regions, where a much greater percentage of married women of childbearing age practice family planning (68 percent), women have fewer children (under two on average).Slide8
Diverging Trends in Fertility Reduction
Average number of children per womanSlide9
Life Expectancy at Birth, in YearsSlide10
What are the factors that influence Fertility?
Socio-economic factors
The value and welfare of children The value and status of women Slide11
What are the factors that influence Fertility?
Institutional Policies
Government policy Religion Slide12
An example of how high levels of fertility affect a country.
Gambia, West Africa.
Make comprehensive notes on this case study. Before we watch, set out one or more pieces of paper with the following questions as headings.
Why has Gambia got a largely Youthful population? CAUSES- SOCIAL – ECONOMIC - CULTURALWhat problems is this growth causing?
What small scale projects are taking place in the Gambia?
SOLUTIONS - Explain what they involve.
How are they improving the situation?Slide13
Mortality – Death Rates
What causes mortality rates to vary across the world?
Read through page 7 – 9.
Answer the questions on p7, 8 and 9.Slide14
Infant and child mortality
Why are the deaths of infants and children a more important measure of development than adult mortality?
In 250 words Explain why countries in sub-saharan Africa have higher death rates and lower life expectancies compared with Europe.Slide15
Life Expectancy-1930Slide16
Life Expectancy-1960Slide17
Life Expectancy-1990Slide18
Life expectancy for men in EuropeSlide19
Life expectancy for European women