English Business 2 for Management - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

English Business 2 for ManagementLecture 2

Dea

AdlinaSlide2

Using Some, Any, Much, Many, A lot of, every, and

A few

Expressions of QuantitySlide3

COUNT or NONCOUNT ??

Common NONCOUNT nouns

Whole groups made up of similar items:

baggage, money/cash/change, jewelry, food, fruit

Fluids:

Water, coffee, tea, oil

Solids:

Ice, meat, gold, iron, paper

Gases:

Steam, air, oxygen, smoke, pollution

Particles:

Rice, corn, dust, hair, saltSlide4

COUNT or NONCOUNT ??

Common NONCOUNT nouns

Abstractions:

Beauty, confidence, time, work, grammar, peace, help, honesty

Languages:

Arabic, English, Japanese

Field of study:

Chemistry, literature, engineering

Recreation:

Baseball, tennis, chess, poker

General activity:

Driving, studying, walking (and other gerunds)

Natural phenomena:

Weather, heat, humidity, lightning, rainSlide5

Expressions of Quantity

Used with count nouns

Used with

noncount

nouns

One

Each

Every

One appleEach appleEvery appleØØØTwoBothA couple ofThree, etc.A fewSeveralManyA number ofTwo applesBoth applesA couple of applesThree applesA few applesSeveral applesMany applesA number of applesØØØØØØØØA littleMuchA great deal ofØØØA little riceMuch riceA great deal of riceNot any/noSomeA lot ofLots ofPlenty ofMostAllNot any/no applesSome applesA lot of applesLots of applesPlenty of applesMost applesAll applesNot any/no riceSome riceA lot of riceLots of ricePlenty of riceMost riceAll rice

Expressions of QuantitySlide6

ANY

Used in negatives

Compare NOT vs. No:

I

do not

have

any

money  NOT: to make a verb negative.I have no money  used as an adjectiveSlide7

SOME and ANY

Examples:

There was someone in his room. (+)

There was

n’t

any

one in his room. (-)

There was no one in his room. (-)We have some time to waste. (+)We don’t have any time to waste. (-)We have no time to waste. (-)Slide8

Gerunds and infinitives

How to useSlide9

Gerunds

The

–

ing

form of a verb used as a noun, i.e., as a subject or an object.

Playing

tennis is fun.

We enjoy playing tennis.He’s exited about playing tennis.SOVSOprepVGerund phraseSlide10

Using IT + to Infinitive

using gerunds as subjects

Example of gerunds to infinitive form:

Crouching  to crouch

Flipping  to flip

Blaming others

is an unseemly behavior

It

is an unseemly behavior to blame othersThe word it refers to and has the same meaning as the infinitive phrase at the end of the sentenceSlide11

changing Gerund into To + infinitive

Riding

a horse

is always fun

.

To ride

a horse

is always fun.It is always fun to ride a horse GerundverbTo + infinitiveverbverb

To + infinitive

Added subjectSlide12

It + gerunds

Sometimes used when the speaker is talking about a particular situation and wants to give the idea of “while”

Tom was drunk.

It

was dangerous

riding

with him.

We were in danger

while we were riding with him.Slide13

Connectors

Coordinating, Subordinating, CorrelativeSlide14

Coordinating Connectors and, but, or

To connect words or phrases that have the same grammatical function in a sentence.

This use of conjunctions is called

parallel structure

.Slide15

Coordinating Connectors and, but, or

Steve

and

his friend

are coming to dinner.

He

is waving his arms and (is) shouting at us.These shoes are old but comfortable.NounverbAdjectiveNounverbThe same auxiliary verb may be omitted

AdjectiveSlide16

Coordinating Connectors and, but, or

He wants

to watch

TV

or

(to) listen

to some music.Susan raised her hand, snapped her finggers and asked a question.verbverbverbinfinitiveinfinitiveSlide17

Subordinating Connectors because, because of

Because

the weather was cold

, we stayed home.

Because of

the cold weather

, we stayed home.

Due to the cold weather, we stayed home.nounSubject + verbAdverb clauseSlide18

Correlative ConnectorsNot only…but also, either or…neither nor, both…and

Both

my mother

and

my sister

are here.Not only my parents but also my sister is here.But alsoEither…orNeither…norTake a plural verb for both…andDepends on the subject that is closer to the verbNounSlide19

Correlative ConnectorsNot only…but also, either or…neither nor, both…and

The research project will take

both

time

and

money.

Yesterday it

not only

rained but also snowed.I’ll take either chemistry or physics next.The book is neither interesting nor accurate.Slide20

Negation

Hardly, Barely, Rarely, Seldom, etcSlide21

Negationnegative adverb

Never, Rarely, Seldom

Hardly, Barely, scarcely (ever)

Example:

I

never

go there.

I have

barely ever gone there.Slide22

Beginning a sentence with a negative word.

Never

will

I

do that again.

Rarely

have I eaten better food.Hardly ever does he come to class on time.When a negative word begin a sentence, the subject and verb are inverted.Slide23

Commands(in imperative sentence)

Negative commands

Negative Indirect CommandsSlide24

Commands

Commands

Shut the door.

Be on time.

Negative commands

Don’t shut the door.

Never be late.

Don’t (you) ever open that box!Slide25

Commands

Negative commands

Don’t (you) ever open that box!

Negative Indirect Commands

She told me to never open that box.

She instruct me to not open that box.Slide26

This is the end of lecture 2

See you in the next 2 weeks