PPT-Evolution strategies

Chapter 4 ES quick overview Developed Germany in the 1970s Early names I Rechenberg HP Schwefel Typically applied to numerical optimisation Attributed features fast good optimizer for realvalued optimisation. Assessment Statements. Outline. . the method for dating rocks and fossils using radioisotopes, with references to . 14. C and . 40. K.. Define half-life. Deduce the approximate age of materials based on a simple decay curve for a radioisotope.. Change over time…. Geology. Began to study rock layers called strata. George Cuvier. Studied fossils. Found extinct species and noticed the deeper the fossil the more unique. Catastrophism. Charles Lyell. The . formation of a new . species. 15.3 Speciation. What is a species?. A group of organisms with similar characteristics capable of producing fertile . offspring. Members of a . species. . share. the . The Importance of Evolution in Ecology. Ecologists study proximate or “how” questions:. How nutrients flow through ecosystems. Evolutionary biologists study ultimate or “why” questions:. Why does a stickleback fish have armor in one lake but not another?. Lauryn. . Langlois. Ashley Mooney. Debora Tolliver. What is Creationism?. Creationism is a theory that states that matter, life, and the world were created by God (or some other supreme being in different religions) out of nothing. . THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF MICROBIAL LIFE. HOW DID LIFE ORIGINATE?. SPONTANEOUS GENERATION. LIFE ARISING FROM NON-LIVING MATTER. LONG BELIEVED AS THE ACCEPTED EXPLANATION OF ORIGINATION OF LIFE. EXPERIMENTS EVENTUALLY SHOWED IT TO BE IMPOSSIBLE. Evidence of Evolution. Essential Questions. What is the anatomical evidence of evolution?. How are fossils used as evidence of evolution?. What evolutionary evidence do we have from the field comparative embryology?. LAMARCK (1744 – 1829) . He proposed . 3 theories. to explain how species change…. Theory of Need. Theory of Use and Disuse. The Theory that Acquired Traits Can Be Passed on to Offspring.. August Weismann (1834-1914). A mechanism for change in populations.. Any change in the . inherited . traits within a population across generations. Individuals better adapted to their environment tend to survive and . produce more offspring. What do we use in order to determine evolutionary relationships?. Fossil Record. Anatomical Evidence. Molecular Evidence. Embryological Evidence. Evidence for Evolution. Fossil Record. Evidence for Evolution. Mechanisms of concerted evolution. Unequal cross-over. Gene conversion: non-reciprocal transfer of information between homologous sequences; the main mechanism invoked to explain concerted evolution. Evolution. – when a species of plants or animals adapts to their environment in order to survive over a long period of time. Key points!. Species. Plants or Animals. Adaptations. In order to survive. . The process by which organism change over time. Based on science, not opinion.. Darwin. :. Evolution is descent with modification. Evolution. :. changes through time. Species accumulate difference. . The process by which organism change over time. Based on science, not opinion.. Darwin. :. Evolution is descent with modification. Evolution. :. changes through time. Species accumulate difference.