peppers arc cone-shaped and taste very hot. Theygrow upright above the - PDF document

peppers arc cone-shaped and taste very hot. Theygrow upright above the plantÕsleaves. TheyÕre 3Ú4 inch to 2 incheslong, have three cells, and may orDifferent colored fruit can growon a plant at the same time, makingCelestial peppers are ornamental,grow best in containers, and aregood patio plants. Popular varietiesare Celestial, Floral Gem, andFresno Chile.Tabasco peppers are 1 to 3inches long, slim, tapered, and verycommercially for making tabascosauce. Other hot peppers are ChiliOrnamental and novelty pep-pers include the varieties Riot,Marbels, and the orange, lantern-shaped, ultra-hot Habanero.Climatic requirementsBecause peppers are of tropicalorigin and in the same family aswhen temperatures are warm.Consequently, delay transplantingThe ideal temperature forgrowing green peppers is 70 to 80°Fduring the day and 60 to 70°F atnight.Blossoms may not set fruit iftemperatures are below theseranges or if soil is too dry.Some varieties that experiencetemperatures below 60°F will noteven blossom. Select the varietyPeppers mature slowly. Undergood growing conditions, they takeIn many areas, temperaturesduring the day and night are so lowOther environmental conditionsthat cause an extreme loss of waterday will cause rapid, excessivetranspiration that the plant canÕtSoil preparationPepper plants grow best inwarm, well-drained soils of moder-Cultivation should mix cropresidues and organic matter in thebed for transplanting. Over-and has a tendency to crust. IdealFertilizerOne pound of a pre-plantfertilizer (20-20-20, for example) formended. One week after blossom-ing begins, sidedress with 11Ú2ounces of ammonium sulfate forYou can base the amount offertilizer you apply on a soil testPlanting transplantsPeppers are best started in homegardens by using transplants aftera rapid growth rate.If peppers start blooming and setfruit while the plants are too small,should be removed.DonÕt attempt to grow peppersfrom seed unless you have aseedlings donÕt grow satisfactorilyPepper seedlings under house lights or onwindowsills.Transplant stocky, sturdy plantsinto a well-prepared soil that hasbeen fertilized before. Normally, apre-plant fertilizer of 0.2 poundsidedress with 11Ú2 ounces ammo-nium sulfate for every 10 feet ofrow space.Make the transplant holes 3 to 4inches deep and about 14 to 18Move the plants carefully fromthe box or flat and set them in theDonÕt cover the roots deeperthan the original soil ball. Leave aplants after planting.Try to transplant peppers in theevening or on a cloudy day. Thisplants from excessive wind andWhile use of peppers varies fromfamily to family, about three to fourPlastic mulchesand row coversPeppers respond well to plasticmulch and row covers. Plasticmulch should be black or the newbe removed when temperaturesinside the cover exceed 90°F for 2 or3 consecutive days at mid after-Cultivationand wateringIf cultivation is necessary toremove other plant competition, itshould be shallow. Deep cultivationyield and quality.After the plants are well estab-lished, applied mulches can con-serve soil moisture, prevent soilweed growth.Insects and diseasesThese insects may be a problem:green peach aphid, gardenmites, and wireworms.Disease also can hurt pepperplants. These include: curly topringspot virus, anthracnose,cercospora leaf spot, commonmosaic, root rot, and verticilliumDiscouragePlant Diseases in Your Home Garden,tions Orders, Agricultural Commu-Corvallis, OR 97331-2119).Harvesting and dryingYou can harvest at any time.Peppers generally are harvested bybranches from the plant.Some gardeners prefer to cut offthe fruits to prevent damage to themature, yields will be greater.The first peppers should beready 8 to 10 weeks after trans-When the fruits are mature, theywill break easily from the plant. The Two methods are used to dry hotpeppers.The traditional method is to pickfruits when mature, tie the stemsA simpler method consists ofpulling up the entire plant andStorageIn general, fresh peppers have ashort storage life (1 to 2 weeks).°F)and 85 to 90% relative humidityStore hot peppers after drying inan airtight container out of the heat When you use dried hot peppers,place in a pestle and grind. ForIf you have never used hotpeppers in cooking, start off withpeppers are really hot!Extension Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, O.E. Smith, director. ThisOregon State University Extension Service offers educational programs, activities,and materialsÑwithout regard to race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disabilityÑasrequired by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amend- eppers come in perhaps agreater variety of sizes,shapes, colors, and tastesthan most other garden vegetables.The most popular peppers are thepungent Hungarian wax types.Peppers produce a large yield ina small amount of space, makingAlthough there are numerouscommon or commercial names forfleshed fruit.Pungency, which is determinedby the amount and location of thecapsaicin, varies fromsweet to hot. The ÒsweetÓ includeThe ÒhotÓ include Anaheim,Cayenne and Jalapeno; and the veryBell peppers, probably the mostpopular type grown in gardens, are 50¢ N.S. MANSOUR4 to 6 inches long, and sometimesthey taper slightly. They start off asBells normally are harvested inthe mature, green stage. They serveetable dishes.About 200 varieties are in the N.S. Mansour, Extension vegetable cropsAdapted for use in Oregon from a Celestial peppers arc cone-shaped and taste very hot. Theygrow upright above the plantÕs3Ú4 inch to 2 incheslong, have three cells, and may orDifferent colored fruit can growon a plant at the same time, makingTabasco peppers are 1 to 3inches long, slim, tapered, and veryOrnamental and novelty pep-pers include the varieties Riot,Climatic requirementsBecause peppers are of tropicalorigin and in the same family asThe ideal temperature forgrowing green peppers is 70 to 80°Fduring the day and 60 to 70°F atnight.Blossoms may not set fruit iftemperatures are below theseSome varieties that experiencetemperatures below 60°F will noteven blossom. Select the varietyPeppers mature slowly. Undergood growing conditions, they takeIn many areas, temperaturesduring the day and night are so lowOther environmental conditionsthat cause an extreme loss of waterSoil preparationPepper plants grow best inwarm, well-drained soils of moder-Cultivation should mix cropresidues and organic matter in theFertilizerOne pound of a pre-plantfertilizer (20-20-20, for example) for1Ú2ounces of ammonium sulfate forYou can base the amount offertilizer you apply on a soil testPlanting transplantsPeppers are best started in homegardens by using transplants afterIf peppers start blooming and setfruit while the plants are too small,DonÕt attempt to grow peppersfrom seed unless you have aPepper seedlings Archival copy. For current version, see: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/ec1227 under house lights or onwindowsills.Transplant stocky, sturdy plantsinto a well-prepared soil that has1Ú2 ounces ammo-nium sulfate for every 10 feet ofMake the transplant holes 3 to 4inches deep and about 14 to 18Move the plants carefully fromthe box or flat and set them in theDonÕt cover the roots deeperthan the original soil ball. Leave aTry to transplant peppers in theevening or on a cloudy day. ThisWhile use of peppers varies fromfamily to family, about three to fourPlastic mulchesPeppers respond well to plasticmulch and row covers. Plastic°F for 2 or3 consecutive days at mid after-CultivationIf cultivation is necessary toremove other plant competition, itAfter the plants are well estab-lished, applied mulches can con-Insects and diseasesThese insects may be a problem:green peach aphid, gardenDisease also can hurt pepperplants. These include: curly topDiscouragePlant Diseases in Your Home Garden,Harvesting and dryingYou can harvest at any time.Peppers generally are harvested bySome gardeners prefer to cut offthe fruits to prevent damage to theThe first peppers should beready 8 to 10 weeks after trans-When the fruits are mature, theywill break easily from the plant. The fruits may be left on the plant toTwo methods are used to dry hotpeppers.The traditional method is to pickfruits when mature, tie the stemsA simpler method consists ofpulling up the entire plant andStorageIn general, fresh peppers have ashort storage life (1 to 2 weeks).°F)and 85 to 90% relative humidityStore hot peppers after drying inan airtight container out of the heat Archival copy. For current version, see: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/ec1227 When you use dried hot peppers,place in a pestle and grind. Forextra hot powder, grind the seeds,If you have never used hotpeppers in cooking, start off withExtension Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, O.E. Smith, director. ThisOregon State University Extension Service offers educational programs, activities,and materialsÑwithout regard to race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disabilityÑasrequired by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amend- Archival copy. For current version, see: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/ec1227 eppers come in perhaps agreater variety of sizes,than most other garden vegetables.Peppers produce a large yield ina small amount of space, makingAlthough there are numerouscommon or commercial names forPungency, which is determinedby the amount and location of thecapsaicin, varies fromsweet to hot. The ÒsweetÓ includeBell peppers, probably the mostpopular type grown in gardens, are EC 1227/Reprinted July 199350¢ PEPPERSN.S. MANSOUR4 to 6 inches long, and sometimesBells normally are harvested inthe mature, green stage. They serveAbout 200 varieties are in theBell group. California Wonder andGiant, Pip, Canape, Lady Bell,Varieties that are not red atmaturity include Golden Bell,Pimiento peppers are sweet withvery thick walls. The fruit is conical,Cherry peppers are cherry- orglobe- shaped with three cells. TheyVarieties include Sweet Cherry,BirdÕs Eye, Red Cherry Small, and N.S. Mansour, Extension vegetable cropsP Archival copy. For current version, see: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/ec1227