Physical Properties of Pure Substances - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Physical Properties of Pure Substances

Intensive vs. ExtensiveSlide2

Essential Standard6.P.

2 Understand

the structure

, classifications

and physical properties of matter.Slide3

Clarifying Objective6.P .

2.3 Compare

the physical properties of pure substances that

are independent

of the amount of matter present including density, melting point, boiling point, and solubility to properties that are dependent on the amount of matter present to include volume, mass and weight.Slide4

Essential QuestionWhat is an INTENSIVE property of a pure substance?

What is an EXTNESIVE property of a pure substance?

What is the main difference between INTENSIVE & EXTENSIVE properties of pure substances?Slide5

Pure SubstanceA Pure Substance is a sample of matter that has the same COMPOSITION & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

All Elements on the Periodic Table & Water are pure substancesSlide6

Periodic TableSlide7

Physical PropertiesA physical property of a substance is a property that can be seen without changing the substance into another substance

Examples include…

Color

Luster (shiny)

Odor Slide8

Intensive Physical Properties

Intensive Physical Properties are those properties that no matter what size will ALWAYS BE THE SAME

Intensive Physical Properties include…

Solubility

Density

Melting Point

Boiling PointSlide9

SolubilitySolubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve

If the pure substance cannot dissolve it is said to be insoluble

The faster a pure substance dissolves the more soluble it isSlide10

Solubility

Solubility is Intensive as it does not matter how much of the substance you have it will either dissolve or it won’t (INTENSIVE)

The speed of dissolving does not matter on how much of the substance you have it will still dissolve at the same speedSlide11

Solubility (Example)

If you stir a cup sugar in some water it disappears into the water

The sugar disappearing is the sugar DISOLVING making sugar soluble

It doesn’t matter if you put 2 cups of sugar into water it will still dissolve

KOOLAIDSlide12

Density

Density is how COMPACTED TOGETHER a substance is (not how much something weighs)

A Bowling Ball is very dense because the atoms are COMPACTED TOGETHER

A bulletin board made of cork is not very dense because the atoms are not packed close togetherSlide13

DensityDensity is INTENSIVE PHYSICAL property because it DOES NOT matter how much you have it will still have the same DENSITYSlide14

Density (Example)

Bulletin Board is not very dense

The atoms are far apart for a solid

You can put a pin or thumb tack into a bulletin board

Now think of trying to put a pin or tack into a BOWLING BALL

You can’t because bowling balls are too denseSlide15

Melting PointMelting Point is the temperature at which point a substance begins to melt

It is INTENSIVE because it does not matter how much of the substance you have it will begin melting at the same temperature Slide16

Melting Point (Example)

Lets use gold as an example of a substance

I can use it because it is a pure substance that is on the Periodic Table

No matter how much gold you have whether it be my wedding ring or a car made out of gold

If you heat it to 1948 degrees it will begin to meltSlide17

Boiling PointBoiling Point is the temperature at which a substance begins to boil

Boiling Point is INTENSIVE because it doesn’t matter how much of the substance you have it will start boiling when it hits its boiling pointSlide18

Boiling Point (Example)

Lets use WATER as an example

Water will boil at 212 degrees

It doesn’t matter if you have a cup of water or a bathtub of water as soon as it reaches 212 degrees it will start to boilSlide19

Extensive Physical Properties

Extensive Physical Properties are those properties that DEPEND ON THE AMOUNT OF MATTER of the object

Extensive Physical Properties include…

Volume

Mass

Weight Slide20

VolumeVolume is the AMOUNT OF SPACE that a solid, liquid or gas takes up

Volume is EXTENSIVE as it DOES DEPEND on the amount of the sampleSlide21

Volume (Example)

Lets use a cup & swimming pool for an example

Which one of these takes up more space

The one that takes up more space will have a GREATER/BIGGER VOLUME (swimming pool)Slide22

MassMass is the amount of MATTER a substance contains & it never changes

Mass is EXTENSIVE as it DOES DEPEND on how big the sample isSlide23

Mass (Example)

Lets us an elephant and a baby as an example

The larger the sample the LARGER/BIGGER the mass

Because the elephant is bigger it will have more mass

But don’t get confused it will have the same mass no matter where it is (Earth or Space)Slide24

WeightWeight is the FORCE OF GRAVITY on an object

Weight is EXTENSIVE as it DOES DEPEND on where the sample isSlide25

WeightThis means the more gravity in a place the more the substance will weigh (it will still have the same mass though)

Weight will change depending on where the substance is because of GRAVITYSlide26

Weight (Example)

We will use Earth & the Moon as an example

Where will a person weigh more Earth or the Moon

There is more GRAVITY pulling us to Earth because it is bigger it has a larger GRAVITATIONAL PULL

This means we will WEIGH more thereSlide27

EOG Questions

How does 250

mL

of water compare to 500

mL

of water?

A) They

have the same melting point but different boiling points.

B) They have the same boiling point but different melting points.

C) They have the same volume but different densities.

D) They have the same density but different volumes.Slide28

Important Points

Properties of Pure substances can be either INTENSIVE or EXTENSIVE

INTENSIVE means that no matter how much or where the substance is the properties will be the same

EXTENSIVE means that properties depend on either how big the sample is or where the sample is

There are 4 INTENSIVE properties

Solubility

Density

Melting Point

Boiling Point

There are 3 EXTNESIVE properties

Volume

Mass

Weight