Some provisional definitions of circular migration for stat - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Some provisional definitions of circular migration for statistical purposes

Giampaolo LANZIERI

International Workshop on Methodological Challenges for the Study of Return and Circular Migration - TEMPERSlide2

How to identify circular migration?

Intuitive concept, but difficult to make it operationalVarious dimensions:Repetition

: how many migration segments needed?

Directionality

: country of origin/destination?Duration: time threshold?Purpose: labour-related?Status: only legal/managed migration?Other policy/social dimensions (developmental impact, etc.)…

TEMPER Workshop, Madrid, 22 January 2015

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Additional issues

Definition/limitation of circular migration as for:Simple

vs. complex

patterns

Starting point of the 'circularity'Time width of referenceApplicability of 'mirror criteria'Number of circular emigrants to B measured in A should equal the number of circular immigrants from A measured in B'Sustainability' of the data collectionPossibly no additional burden, readily available, minimum costs, possibility of regular production, etc..

Nesting in official migration statistics? Implications for:Concept of residence (usual residence)T

ime criterion (12 months)Actual/intended stayDifficulty for information on migration history and destinations

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Definition by the EMN

From the European Migration Network (Asylum and Migration Glossary, 2012:121):Circular migration is a repetition of

legal

migration by the same person between two or more countries.

Mainly targeting Third-Country NationalsTEMPER Workshop, Madrid, 22 January 2015G. Lanzieri - Provisional definitions circular migration

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An on-going work

UNECE Task Force on 'Measuring Circular Migration':

approved by the Bureau of the Conference of European Statisticians in early 2013

2 years duration

15 members: NSOs, national policy makers and international organizations (including Eurostat)to propose a common international statistical definition of circular migration (among other things)report under preparation / several definitions discussed

TEMPER Workshop, Madrid, 22 January 2015

G. Lanzieri - Provisional definitions circular migration

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Some preliminary considerations

If data on circular migration are nested in (Eurostat) official migration statistics:

Any migration is a change of country of

usual residence

The duration of (actual or intended) stay is at least 12 monthsThere is no reference to purpose or legal status or any additional criteriaNational border-crossings within the EU are international migrationsOn annual basis, the number of circular migrants is equal to the number of circular migrations (identity event = person experiencing the event)Circular migrants are a subset of migrants and they could be tabulated as such

TEMPER Workshop, Madrid, 22 January 2015

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Provisional proposals by Eurostat/1

Circular immigrant is:

a

foreign-born

person who has immigrated more than once to the same country (over the latest ten years?). (NOTE: implicitly, the duration of each stay in the country is of at least one year); ora person who has immigrated more than once to the same country (over the latest ten years?)

. Data on circular immigrants should preferably be broken down by country of birth and by country of origin.Similar for short-term circular immigrants, duration of stay in the country between 3 and 12 months

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Provisional proposals by Eurostat/2

Circular emigrant is:a

native-born

person who has emigrated more than once from the same country (over the latest ten years?). (NOTE: implicitly, the duration of each stay abroad is of at least one year); ora person who has e

migrated more than once from the same country (over the latest ten years?)

. Data on circular emigrants should preferably be broken down by country of birth and by country of destination.Similar for short-term circular e

migrants

, with duration of stay

abroad between

3 and 12 months

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Provisional proposals by Eurostat/3

From the point of view of the event:

Circular

immigration

is a repeated immigration by the same foreign-born person (over a period of 10 years?).Circular emigration is a repeated emigration by the same native-born person (over

a period of 10 years?).Alternatively:

Circular migration is a repeated migration by the same person (over a period of 10

years?

),

where the country of origin and/or of destination are/is the same.

Similar

for short-term circular migration, with duration between 3 and 12 months

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G. Lanzieri - Provisional definitions circular migration

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Provisional proposals by Eurostat/4

Introducing the concept of

loop

:

Circular migration is (defined as) a series of at least two migration loops made by the same person. The loop is composed by a sequence of moves with international border crossings and where the duration of stay in each country is of at least 12 months. A

single loop is (defined as) 'return migration'.It focuses on start-end

cycles:from the reporting country

from an 'origin'

Not yet defined how to deal with intermediate steps:

Once considered circular, all successive steps are also circular

It is considered circular only at completed loops

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Provisional conceptual definitions by UNECE Task Force

Circular

migration is a sequence of international moves where at least two countries are lived in more than once by the same

person..

1a) …to take up temporary or permanent residence; (or)2a) …and where the person has been living each time for more than three months in those countries; (or)

2b) …and where the person has been living each time for at least twelve months in those countries

Like 2b for short-term circular migration, but with duration between 3 and 12 months

TEMPER Workshop, Madrid, 22 January 2015

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Lanzieri

- Provisional definitions circular migration

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Provisional operational definitions by UNECE Task Force

3.a)

A circular

immigrant

is a person who has immigrated more than once to the same country (over the latest ten years). 3.c) A circular emigrant is a person who has emigrated more than once from the same country (over the latest ten years). Similar for

short-term circular migration, i.e. between 3-12 months

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Ex: simple patterns, person born in A

Classification at

last

migration

in country:Using only entries/exits

Using also country of birth

Using loops from origin

A

B

A

B

A

B

A-

B-A

I

E

I

E

I

E

A-B-

A-B

CE

CI

CE

CI

E

I

A-B-A-

B-A

CI

CE

I

E

CI

CE

A-B-A-B-

A-B

CE

CI

CE

CI

E

I

A-B-A-B-A-

B-A

CI

CE

I

E

CI

CE

A-B-A-B-A-B-

A-B

CE

CI

CE

CI

EI

TEMPER Workshop, Madrid, 22 January 2015

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Legend: I=immigrant; E=emigrant; CI=circular immigrant; CE=circular emigrant

Loops: only completed cycles from selected origin A;

full knowledge since A

including next destinationSlide14

Slightly more complex patterns…

Classification at

last

migr

.in country:

Using only entries/exits

Using also country of birth

Using loops from origin

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

A-B-

C-A

I

X

E

I

X

E

I

X

E

A-B-

C-B

X

CI

E

X

CI

E

X

I

E

A-B-C-

A-B

CE

CI

X

CE

CI

X

E

I

X

A-B-C-

B-A

I

CE

X

I

E

X

I

E

X

A-B-C-

A-C

CE

X

CICEXCIEXIA-B-C-B-CXCECIXECIXEI

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Legend: I=immigrant; E=emigrant; CI=circular immigrant; CE=circular emigrant; X=not involved

Loops: only completed cycles from selected origin A;

full knowledge since A including

next destinationSlide15

…and further complicated patterns

Classification at

last

migr

.in country:

Using only entries/exits

Using also country of birth

Using loops from origin

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

A-B-C-A-

B-C

X

CE

CI

X

E

CI

X

E

I

A-B-C-A-B-

C-A

CI

X

CE

I

X

E

CI

X

CE

A-B-C-B-C-

B-A

I

CE

X

I

E

X

I

E

X

A-B-C-A-B-C-

A-B

CE

CI

X

CE

CI

X

E

I

X

…

TEMPER Workshop, Madrid, 22 January 2015

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Legend: I=immigrant; E=emigrant; CI=circular immigrant; CE=circular emigrant; X=not involvedLoops: only completed cycles from selected origin A; full knowledge since A including next destinationSlide16

Some references

On the work of the UNECE Task Force:Schachter, J. (2013): "Task Force on Measuring Circular Migration: A Progress Report". Presentation at the Eurostat Working Group on Population Statistics, Luxembourg, 16-17 December 2013.

Bustos

, A. et al. (2014):

"A Collective Attempt at Defining Circular Migration". Paper for the Work Session on Migration Statistics, Chisinau, 10-12 September 2014.European Migration Network:(2011): "Temporary and Circular Migration: empirical evidence, current policy practice and future options in EU Member States"(2012): "Asylum and Migration Glossary 2.0"

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Thank you for the attention!

For any further information: giampaolo.lanzieri@ec.europa.eu

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