Using the social cognitive theory to reduce smoking among night shift workers - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Using the social cognitive theory to reduce smoking among night shift workers

Presented by Allison Erickson

MPH 515: Principles of Health BehaviorSlide2

Basic information about smoking

N

umber one leading

cause of preventable death in the United States, leading to more than 440,000 deaths per year (CDC, 2013)“Smoking causes an estimated 90% of all lung cancer deaths in men and 80% of all lung cancer deaths in women.” (CDC, 2013)The chemicals found in cigarettes are known to cause hypertension, leading to CVD (CDC, 2013) (see image)Slide3

Why night shift workers?

United States works 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, 365 days per year

Shift work (or irregular working hours) is working between 6:00pm-7:00am any day of the week

Around 21 million Americans work some form of shift work (McMenamin, 2007)40% increased risk for CVD compared to day workers (Wang et al., 2011)Night shift workers consume tobacco products two times more often than day shift workers (Circadian Age, Inc., 2009)Increase in tobacco use in this population exacerbates adverse health effects, like CVDSlide4

Overview of the literature

Using aspects of different ecological theories, researchers showed that blue-collar workers had a 55.2% prevalence of smoking compared to 33.1% of white-collar workers

(Nishiura

et al., 2009) Work environments impact the prevalence of smoking (Nishiura et al., 2009) “…education should be individually tailored and reinforced by taking the social environment into account

”

(Nishiura et al.,

2009, p. 54) Slide5

The wellness program: Target Audience

Place

Suburb of a metropolitan city

Small manufacturing company (50-75 employees)All employees work between 8:00pm and 6:00am Over half use tobacco products, primarily smoking cigarettesThe problem:Leadership has received complaints from non-tobacco using employees about the smoke coming in the building and frequent cigarette breaksMore people are taking unnecessary breaks costing the company time and moneyName of Program: “Quit for YOU!”Slide6

The wellness program: Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

F

ocuses

on one’s social environment, one’s personal characteristics, and behavioral interactions with othersFive constructs:KnowledgePerceived self-efficacyOutcome expectationsGoal formationSociostructural factors

Bandura’s Triadic Reciprocal Determinism Slide7

The wellness program: SCT Application

Knowledge:

R

eceive knowledge about how tobacco use is beneficial to the night shift workersMotivational Interviewing (MI) to create a gateway of knowledge about changing behaviors and the benefit of the change Posters, brochures, and quick facts about smoking dangers and information about the program will be posted around the worksite Perceived Self-Efficacy

The wellness staff will evaluate the employee’s perceived ability to make the change based on past quit experiences including quit attempts and what has worked or not

worked

Ask about task-specific understanding of making the change

The use of group sessions will aid in increased self-efficacySlide8

The wellness program: SCT Application

Outcome Expectations

Benefits will be examined on the personal, familial, workplace, financial, and workplace

levelsPositive message and self-talk: “If I quit smoking, then I will have whiter teeth” instead of “If I quit smoking, I will be tired all the time.”Will also be evaluated at the beginning to gauge the expectations of the employees prior to starting the programGoal Formation:Individual and group goal setting processes

Use of SMART goals for the individual sessions

The groups will set goals that are more target oriented and group

developed

As goals are met, the goal would be for self-efficacy to increase as well for the individual and the group togetherSlide9

The wellness program: SCT Application

Sociostructural Factors:

Long-term goal

of the program is to begin to change the culture from a smoking culture workplace to a workplace of intolerance toward smokingDevelop unity and comradery among those quitting to boost motivation and self-efficacyWellness staff will utilize leadership from the company to cheer the employees on and engage with them in conversation about how this will impact the life of the employee personally, but also how the change will impact the culture of the workplace for

goodSlide10

Conclusion

In 1999, the CDC reported a total loss of $157 billion due to tobacco use in America

(PACP, n.d.)

The need for tobacco cessation programs in workplaces will save money all around and save millions of livesUtilizing health behavior theory for program development and implantation, health professionals will be able to effectively and scientifically assist positive health behavior change. Slide11

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013).

Health effects of cigarette smoking.

Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/index.htmMcMenamin, T.M. (2007). A time to work: Recent trends in shift work and flexible schedules. Retrieved from: http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2007/12/art1full.pdfNishiura, C., Narai, R., Ohguri, T., Funahashi, A., Yarita, K., & Hashimoto, H. (2009). The effect of smoking prevalence at worksites on individual cessation behavior.

Journal of Occupational Health, 51,

48-56.

Professional Assisted Cessation Therapy. (n.d

.) Employers’ smoking cessation guide: Practical approaches to a costly workplace problem.

Retrieved from: http://www.endsmoking.org/resources/employersguide/pdf/employersguide-2nd-edition.pdfWang, X.S., Armstrong, M.E.G., Cairns, B.J., Key, T.J., & Travis R.C. (2011). Shift work and chronic disease: The epidemiological evidence. Occupational Medicine, 61, 78-89.