Early Civilizations During the New Stone Age permanent settlements appeared in river valleys and around the Fertile Crescent River valleys provided water and rich soil for crops as well as protection ID: 436992
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Slide1
WHI. 3 (A,B,C,D, & E)
Early
CivilizationsSlide2
During the New Stone Age,
permanent settlements
appeared in river valleys and around the Fertile Crescent.River valleys provided water and rich soil for crops as well as protection from invasion.
Essential UnderstandingSlide3
Mesopotamian civilization: Tigris and
Euphrates River
Valleys (Southwest Asia)Egyptian civilization: Nile River Valley and Nile Delta (Africa)
Indian
civilization: Indus River Valley (South Asia)Chinese civilization: Huang He Valley (East Asia)
River valley civilizations
(
about 3500 to 500 B.C
. [
B.C.E.])Slide4
These river valleys offered rich soil and
irrigation water
for agriculture, and they tended to be
in locations
easily protected from invasion by nomadic peoples.Slide5
Hebrews settled between the
Med. Sea and
the Jordan River Valley (part of Fertile Crescent in Southwest Asia).Phoenicians settled along the Med. coast (part
of Fertile Crescent in Southwest Asia
).Nubia was located on the upper (southern) Nile River (Africa).Other early civilizations (about 2000 to 500 B.C.[B.C.E.])Slide6
River valleys were the “Cradles
of Civilization
.” Essential UnderstandingsSlide7
Hereditary rulers: Dynasties
of kings
, pharaohsRigid
class system where
slavery was acceptedDevelopment of social patternsSlide8
World’s first states (i.e.,
city-states, kingdoms
, empires)Centralized government, often based on religious authorityWritten law codes e.g.,
Ten Commandments
, Code of HammurabiDevelopment of political patternsSlide9
Use of metal (e.g., bronze,
iron) tools
and weaponsIncreasing agricultural surplus: Better tools, plows, irrigationIncreasing trade along rivers and by sea (Phoenicians)
Development
of the world’s first citiesDevelopment of slaveryDevelopment of economic patternsSlide10
Polytheism was practiced by
most early
civilizations.Monotheism was practiced by the Hebrews.Religion was a major part of life in all early civilizations.
Development of religious traditionsSlide11
Pictograms: Earliest written symbols
Hieroglyphics
: EgyptCuneiform: SumerAlphabet: PhoeniciaLanguage and writingSlide12
Language and writing were
important cultural
innovations.……Duh!Essential UnderstandingSlide13Slide14
Greek for “Between the rivers” (Tigris and Euphrates)
3 Regions
Sumer
Babylonia
AssyriaMesopotamiaSlide15
Sumer
Written Language Cuneiform
Became dominant region due to irrigationIncreased food supply
Built world’s first citiesSlide16
Hammurabi’s Code – most extensive and earliest code of laws known
“Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth”
If you steal…
If you spy…
Babylon and King HammurabiSlide17
Assyria and Nebuchadnezzar
The Hanging GardensSlide18
Contributions
Cuneiform writing (Sumerian)
Wedge-shaped writing
2. Epic of Gilgamesh
King Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s adventureshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMSsosBfkg8