Kingdoms, Dichotomous Keys, Diversity, - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Kingdoms, Dichotomous Keys, Diversity, & Resilience

Slide2

Homework

Review pp. 8-23 in your textbook and answer

1.1 even questions

1.2, questions 1, 3, 5

Define:

unicellular

&

multicellular

prokaryotic

&

eukaryotic

autotrophic

&

heterotrophic

sexual

&

asexual

Species

Concepts

?

Slide3

Definitions

Unicellular

: single-celled

Multicellular

: more than one cell

Prokaryote

: smaller, simpler type of cell without a membrane-bound nucleus

Eukaryote

: larger, more complex type of cell with a membrane-bound nucleus

Autotroph

: obtains energy by making its own food (sunlight)

Heterotroph

: consumes other organisms to obtain energy and nutrients

Sexual reproduction

: requires the genetic material from two parents to form offspring with a unique combination of genes (unique to the Domain,

Eukarya

)

Asexual reproduction

: offspring

arise from a single parent, and inherit the genes of that parent

only.

The offspring will be exact genetic copies of the

parent (

eg

. in

Eukarya

include some reptiles, insects, and fish).

Slide4

Eukaryotic cells

Us!

Membrane-bound nucleus

much

larger

and

more complex

than prokaryotic cellsExamples?Organisms we can see

Slide5

Prokaryotic cells

Do not have a nucleus

. Genetic material is found in the cytoplasm

Smaller

, and

less complex

than eukaryotic cells

There

are

at least

20

times more

prokaryotic cells on Earth than there are eukaryotic cells

Slide6

Features common to all cells

Slide7

D

O

M

A

I

N

S

K

I

N

G

D

O

M

S

Slide8

Kingdoms(refer to text p. 29, table 1.5)

Slide9

DKPCOFGS: We need a mnemonic!

D

omain

K

ingdom

Phylum Class O

rder

F

amily

G

enus

S

pecies

Slide10

Dichotomous KeysAn identification solution that uses many 2-part choices to narrow down the solution

We did this! With our shoes!

(

eg

.

leather

and

not leather

)

Another activity… meet the

Norns

!

…for more practice and information, look at text pp. 40-1

Slide11

Criteria depends on Taxonomic rank

(refer to p. 29, Table 1.5

vs

p. 30, #9)

If we’re interested in the Kingdom what types of criteria are we looking at?

If we’re interested in the Species rank, what types of criteria are we looking at?

Slide12

How to Make a Dichotomous Key From a Table of Bacterial Characteristics

(for use in running the minimum number of tests in identifying an unknown bacterium)

ericstavney.net/

ppts

/a10d%20DichoKeyExample.ppt

Slide13

Organism

Characteristics

Alcaligenes faecalis

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, alkaline with litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Citrobacter freundii

Gram negative bacillus; acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, acid produced in litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram positive oval coccus found as streptococci, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation negative, catalase negative, non-motile, acid in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-negative,, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium leprae

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Corynebacterium xerosis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation positive, non-motile, acid from litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram negative bacilli, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, acid from litmus milk, not hemolytic, H2S positive

Table of Characteristics for Eight Bacteria

Slide14

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Streptococcus pneumoniae Aeromonas hydrophila

Dichotomous Key to Identifying Eight Bacteria

Slide15

Organism

Characteristics

Alcaligenes faecalis

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, alkaline with litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Citrobacter freundii

Gram negative bacillus; acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, acid produced in litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram positive oval coccus found as streptococci, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation negative, catalase negative, non-motile, acid in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-negative,, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium leprae

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Corynebacterium xerosis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation positive, non-motile, acid from litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram negative bacilli, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, acid from litmus milk, not hemolytic, H2S positive

Table of Characteristics for Eight Bacteria

Table of Characteristics for Eight Bacteria

Slide16

Organism

Characteristics

Alcaligenes faecalis

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, alkaline with litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Citrobacter freundii

Gram negative bacillus; acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, acid produced in litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram positive oval coccus found as streptococci, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation negative, catalase negative, non-motile, acid in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-negative,, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium leprae

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Corynebacterium xerosis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation positive, non-motile, acid from litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram negative bacilli, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, acid from litmus milk, not hemolytic, H2S positive

Table of Characteristics for Eight Bacteria

Table of Characteristics for Eight Bacteria

Slide17

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Streptococcus pneumoniae Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram stain

negative

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Aeromonas hydrophila Streptococcus pneumoniae

positive

Dichotomous Key to Identifying Eight Bacteria

Slide18

Organism

Characteristics

Alcaligenes faecalis

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, alkaline with litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Citrobacter freundii

Gram negative bacillus; acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, acid produced in litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram positive oval coccus found as streptococci, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation negative, catalase negative, non-motile, acid in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-negative,, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium leprae

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Corynebacterium xerosis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation positive, non-motile, acid from litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram negative bacilli, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, acid from litmus milk, not hemolytic, H2S positive

Table of Characteristics for Eight Bacteria

Slide19

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Streptococcus pneumoniae Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram stain

negative

positive

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Aeromonas hydrophila Streptococcus pneumoniae

Galactose fermentation

negative

Alcaligenes faecalis Citrobacter freundii

Aeromonas hydrophila Pseudomonas fluorescens

positive

Dichotomous Key to Identifying Eight Bacteria

Slide20

Organism

Characteristics

Alcaligenes faecalis

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, alkaline with litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Citrobacter freundii

Gram negative bacillus; acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, acid produced in litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram positive oval coccus found as streptococci, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation negative, catalase negative, non-motile, acid in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-negative,, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium leprae

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Corynebacterium xerosis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation positive, non-motile, acid from litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram negative bacilli, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, acid from litmus milk, not hemolytic, H2S positive

Table of Characteristics for Eight Bacteria

Slide21

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Streptococcus pneumoniae Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram stain

negative

positive

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Aeromonas hydrophila Streptococcus pneumoniae

Galactose fermentation

negative

Alcaligenes faecalis Citrobacter freundii

Aeromonas hydrophila Pseudomonas fluorescens

H

2

S production

positive

negative

Alcaligenes

faecalis

Aeromonas

hydrophila

positive

Dichotomous Key to Identifying Eight Bacteria

Slide22

Organism

Characteristics

Alcaligenes faecalis

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, alkaline with litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Citrobacter freundii

Gram negative bacillus; acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, acid produced in litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram positive oval coccus found as streptococci, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation negative, catalase negative, non-motile, acid in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-negative,, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium leprae

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Corynebacterium xerosis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation positive, non-motile, acid from litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram negative bacilli, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, acid from litmus milk, not hemolytic, H2S positive

Table of Characteristics for Eight Bacteria

Slide23

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Streptococcus pneumoniae Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram stain

negative

positive

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Aeromonas hydrophila Streptococcus pneumoniae

Galactose fermentation

negative

Alcaligenes faecalis Citrobacter freundii

Aeromonas hydrophila Pseudomonas fluorescens

H

2

S production

positive

negative

Alcaligenes

faecalis

Aeromonas

hydrophila

positive

Dichotomous Key to Identifying Eight Bacteria

Litmus milk

acid

alkaline

Citrobacter

freundii

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Slide24

Organism

Characteristics

Alcaligenes faecalis

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, alkaline with litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Citrobacter freundii

Gram negative bacillus; acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, acid produced in litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram positive oval coccus found as streptococci, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation negative, catalase negative, non-motile, acid in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-negative,, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium leprae

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Corynebacterium xerosis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation positive, non-motile, acid from litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram negative bacilli, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, acid from litmus milk, not hemolytic, H2S positive

Table of Characteristics for Eight Bacteria

Slide25

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Streptococcus pneumoniae Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram stain

negative

positive

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Aeromonas hydrophila Streptococcus pneumoniae

Galactose fermentation

negative

Alcaligenes faecalis Citrobacter freundii

Aeromonas hydrophila Pseudomonas fluorescens

H

2

S production

positive

negative

Alcaligenes

faecalis

Aeromonas

hydrophila

positive

Dichotomous Key to Identifying Eight Bacteria

Litmus milk

acid

alkaline

Citrobacter

freundii

Pseudomonas fluorescensacid fastAcid-fast stainingnot acid fastMycobacterium smegmatis Corynebacterium xerosis Mycobacterium leprae Streptococcus pneumoniae

Slide26

Organism

Characteristics

Alcaligenes faecalis

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, alkaline with litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Citrobacter freundii

Gram negative bacillus; acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, acid produced in litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram positive oval coccus found as streptococci, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation negative, catalase negative, non-motile, acid in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-negative,, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium leprae

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Corynebacterium xerosis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation positive, non-motile, acid from litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram negative bacilli, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, acid from litmus milk, not hemolytic, H2S positive

Table of Characteristics for Eight Bacteria

Slide27

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Streptococcus pneumoniae Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram stain

negative

positive

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Aeromonas hydrophila Streptococcus pneumoniae

Galactose fermentation

negative

Alcaligenes faecalis Citrobacter freundii

Aeromonas hydrophila Pseudomonas fluorescens

H

2

S production

positive

negative

Alcaligenes

faecalis

Aeromonas

hydrophila

positive

Dichotomous Key to Identifying Eight Bacteria

Litmus milk

acid

alkaline

Citrobacter

freundii

Pseudomonas fluorescensacid fastAcid-fast stainingnot acid fastMycobacterium smegmatis Corynebacterium xerosis Mycobacterium leprae Streptococcus pneumoniae positiveCatalase producednegativeMycobacterium smegmatisMycobacterium leprae

Slide28

Organism

Characteristics

Alcaligenes faecalis

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, alkaline with litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Citrobacter freundii

Gram negative bacillus; acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, acid produced in litmus milk, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Gram negative bacillus, acid-fast negative, does not ferment galactose, catalase positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram positive oval coccus found as streptococci, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation negative, catalase negative, non-motile, acid in litmus milk, hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-negative,, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Mycobacterium leprae

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast positive, galactose fermentation negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, alkaline in litmus milk not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Corynebacterium xerosis

Gram positive club-shaped bacilli, acid-fast negative, galactose fermentation positive, non-motile, acid from litmus milk, catalase positive, not hemolytic, H

2

S negative

Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram negative bacilli, acid-fast negative, ferments galactose, catalase positive, motile, acid from litmus milk, not hemolytic, H2S positive

Table of Characteristics for Eight Bacteria

Slide29

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Streptococcus pneumoniae Aeromonas hydrophila

Gram stain

negative

positive

Alcaligenes faecalis Mycobacterium smegmatis

Citrobacter freundii Mycobacterium leprae

Pseudomonas fluorescens Corynebacterium xerosis

Aeromonas hydrophila Streptococcus pneumoniae

Galactose fermentation

negative

Alcaligenes faecalis Citrobacter freundii

Aeromonas hydrophila Pseudomonas fluorescens

H

2

S production

positive

negative

Alcaligenes

faecalis

Aeromonas

hydrophila

positive

Dichotomous Key to Identifying Eight Bacteria

Litmus milk

acid

alkaline

Citrobacter

freundii

Pseudomonas fluorescensacid fastAcid-fast stainingnot acid fastMycobacterium smegmatis Corynebacterium xerosis Mycobacterium leprae Streptococcus pneumoniae positiveCatalase producednegativeMycobacterium smegmatisMycobacterium lepraepositiveHemolysisnegativeCorynebacterium xerosisStreptococcus pneumoniae

Slide30

DIV

E

R

S

I

T

Y

!

Slide31

Ecosystem Diversity

Slide32

Diversity!

Ecosystem Diversity:

T

he variety of ecosystems in the

biosphere (

landscapes

)

Ecosystem Services:Can you think of any examples? For a grassland?

A ravine?

Wetlands?

Temperate forests?

Tropical rainforests?

Is it important to preserve ecosystem

d

iversity? Why?

Slide33

Diversity!

Species Diversity

:

The variety and abundance of

species

in a given

area (

community)-What are some examples of species diversity?-

How might species diversity at the level of primary production (plants) affect other

trophic

levels in food chains?

Slide34

Species Diversity

Slide35

Species Diversity

Slide36

Species Diversity

Slide37

Species Diversity

Slide38

Diversity!Genetic Diversity:

T

he variety of genes in a

population

of interbreeding individuals

-Why is genetic diversity important?

-What would happen if a population lacked genetic diversity?

Slide39

Genetic Diversity

(

Homo sapiens

)

Slide40

Resilience!

Biodiversity

is

the most important factor in ensuring resilience

at the ecosystem (landscape), species (communities),

and genetic (population) scalesWhat

is resilience

?

Resilience

is the ability of an ecosystem to maintain a balance in the face of outside disturbances

What

are

some examples of threats

to resilience

?

Loss of resilience = more

brittle

populations, communities, and ecosystems

How

does this relate to Endangered Species?

Slide41

Endangered species profile #1Polar bear (Ursus

maritimus

)

Slide42

IMPORTANCE of the POLAR BEAR

Polar

bears are at the

top of the food chain

and have an important role in the overall health of the marine environment. Over thousands of years, polar bears have also been

an important part of the cultures and economies of Arctic peoples. Polar bears depend on sea ice for their existence and are directly impacted by climate change—serving as important indicator species.

http://worldwildlife.org/species/polar-bear

Slide43

A Warming Climate Takes its Toll on the Polar Bears of

Hundson

Bay

Slide44

Homework

Review:

text pp. 44-47: 1-22, 30, 32, 33

text pp. 48-49: 1-13, 17-23 (use the self-check summary at the bottom of page 49 for questions you don’t understand)Quiz Next Class! -

Wed, Feb 13