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Medical Laboratory Quality clinical laboratory testing is evidenced by: performing the Medical Laboratory Quality clinical laboratory testing is evidenced by: performing the

Medical Laboratory Quality clinical laboratory testing is evidenced by: performing the - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2020-06-16

Medical Laboratory Quality clinical laboratory testing is evidenced by: performing the - PPT Presentation

Ensuring that appropriate clinical laboratory tests are ordered Procuring clinical laboratory test samples in an efficient timely manner Producing accurate clinical laboratory test results Correlating and interpreting clinical laboratory test data ID: 779366

urine blood specimen test blood urine test specimen laboratory sugar clinical sample patients a1c glucose strip fsbs collected finger

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Medical Laboratory

Slide2

Quality clinical laboratory testing is evidenced by: performing the correct test, on the right person, at the right time, producing accurate test results, with the best outcome, in the most cost-effective manner. This is accomplished by:

Ensuring that appropriate clinical laboratory tests are ordered;

Procuring clinical laboratory test samples in an efficient, timely manner;

Producing accurate clinical laboratory test results;

Correlating and interpreting clinical laboratory test data;

Disseminating clinical laboratory test information to clinicians and patients in a timely manner;

Evaluating the outcome of clinical laboratory testing for each individual patient and the entire health care system;

Utilizing qualified medical laboratory personnel.

Slide3

Obtaining Blood Glucose

Record & Report

Fasting BS: Before the patient has had anything to eat/drink.

PPBS: 2 hr postprandial blood sugar is collected exactly 2 hrs after the patient finishes eating.

The patients BS should return to normal within 2 hrs.

Specimens that are not collected at the proper time can cause misinterpretation of the results. (report all results to the RN)

STAT BS: BS must be checked immediately.

Slide4

Obtaining Blood Glucose

Record & Report

Fingerstick

Blood Sugar: FSBS is checked by collecting a sample of capillary blood with a lancet. This is transferred to a reagent strip or other test strip.

Slide5

Obtaining Blood Glucose

Record & Report

Important observations of diabetic patients

Inadequate food intake

Eating food not allowed on diet

Refusal of meals, supplements, or snacks

Inadequate fluid intake

Excessive activity

Complaints of dizziness, shakiness, racing heart

Blood sugar values outside of normal reporting range for your facility

Slide6

Hyperglycemia

Nausea, vomiting

Weakness

Headache

Full, bounding pulse

Fruity smell to breath

Hot, dry, flushed skin

Labored respirations

Drowsiness

Mental confusion

Unconsciousness

Sugar in the urine

High blood sugar as measured by FSBS

Slide7

Hypoglycemia

Complaints of hunger, weakness, dizziness

Shakiness

Skin cold, moist, clammy, pale

Rapid, shallow respirations

Nervousness and excitement

Rapid pulse

Unconsciousness

No sugar in urine

Low blood sugar as measured by FSBS

Slide8

FSBS

Need:

Gloves

Alcohol sponge

Lancet

Blood glucose meter

Reagent strip or test strip

Sharps container

Plastic bag for used supplies

Wipe patients finger with alcohol, allow to dry

Pierce the side of the middle or ring finger using lancet

Discard lancet

Squeeze finger gently to obtain drop of blood

Hold site directly over test strip

Wipe patients finger with alcohol and apply pressure

Slide9

A1C

Measurement of glucose levels in the blood over a prolonged period of time. It differs from the

fingerstick

blood sugar because it provides a snapshot of the patient’s diabetic control over the past 2 to 3

mths

. The % of A1C in whole blood is

50% from the most recent 30 days

25% from the previous 30-60 days

25% from the previous 60-90 days

Normal (non-diabetic) A1C = 5%

ADA recommended goal < 7%

In some facilities, a value above 6.5% is further addressed

Slide10

A1C

Slide11

A1C

Slide12

Urine

Physical testing of urine includes:

Color

Odor

Transparency

Specific gravity

Physical characteristics normal/abnormal

Slide13

Collecting a Urine Sample

(documentation)

Urine Specimen used for a variety of laboratory tests such as urinalysis.

Usually collect the first urine voided in the morning because this urine is more concentrated and may reveal more abnormalities. Also usually has an acidic pH which helps preserve any cells.

Specimen can be collected in:

Bedpan, urinal, specimen hat, specimen cup

Usually 120mL is sufficient (if unable to produce that amount send what is collected to lab anyway)

Slide14

Collecting a Urine Sample

(documentation)

Midstream (clean-catch) Specimen: a urine specimen that is free from contamination. Because microorganisms are present on the genital area and on the specimen containers, special precaution are used to obtain a specimen.

Genital area will be cleansed thoroughly

Female: front to back motion, external lip, internal lip, then center.

Male: Circular motion from

meatus

down

Slide15

Midstream specimen

Slide16

Obtaining a Sterile Specimen

Slide17

24 Hr Urine Sample

The first urine voided in a 24-hr specimen is discarded because it was produced before the start of the test.

Preserving a 24-hr specimen can be done by cold storage or chemicals.

Slide18

Collecting a Stool Sample

(Documentation)

It is important to send a sample being examined for ova and parasites to the lab immediately because it is most accurate within 30 minutes and it should stay at body temperature.

When an occult blood test is positive it indicates there is blood present in the stool.

All urine and stool specimens should be placed in a biohazard bag when transported to avoid contamination from spills.

Slide19

Proper Procedure for

Capillary Blood Test

Slide20

Basic Technique for

Venipuncture