Digestive System in Poultry Important Terms Enzymes Specialized protein that disassemble or assemble organic materials and are water soluble dissolve in water Lipid fatty or waxy organic compound involved in energy storage eg cholesterol ID: 1000688
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1. Attention Getterhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOsU86KfIWU
2. Digestive System in Poultry
3. Important TermsEnzymes: Specialized protein that disassemble or assemble organic materials and are water soluble (dissolve in water)Lipid: fatty or waxy organic compound involved in energy storage (e.g., cholesterol) Carbohydrates: complex sugar molecule, broken down into glucoseGlucose: simple sugar that is a main source of energyBile: produced by the liver and breaks down ingested fatsProtein: broken down into amino acids to be used as building blocks for the body
4. Did You Know?Digestive system is 75% of the abdominal cavity!Birds visually inspect possible food sources. Unlike other species of livestock, chickens must stick their head in the air to swallow their food.
5. Important OrgansMouthEsophagusCropStomachProventriculusVentriculus “Gizzard”Liver and Gall BladderPancreasSmall IntestineCecaLarge IntestineCloaca and Vent
6. Digestive SystemFunction of the Digestive System:Breaks down feed to utilize the nutrients for growth and maintenance of the animal and excrete wastes not needed by the animal.
7. Trace the Digestive SystemTraveling down chicken’s digestive track food goes through:MouthEsophagusCropStomachProventriculusVentriculus “Gizzard”LiverGall BladderPancreasSmall IntestineCecaLarge IntestineCloacaVent
8. MouthConsists of:BeakTongueSalivary GlandsProduction of salivaNO LipsNO TeethFunction:Ingest nutrients and swallow food through the esophagus.BeakTongueSalivary Glands
9. Importance of SalivaActs as a LubricantLow ability to tasteLow enzymatic activityLow ability to break down food
10. Species Differences of the MouthPoultry:Low taste abilityHighly developed salivary glands, produce more saliva than aquatic birdsAquatic Birds (non domesticated)Ex: ducksPoorly developed salivary glandsEat many foods that are wet that replace the need for salivary glandsLivestock SpeciesHigh taste abilityProduce high amounts of saliva Ex: cattle produce 15-20 gallons of saliva a day
11. EsophagusConnects the mouth to the crop and connects the crop to the Proventriculus.Function: transports food and water to the crop or the Proventriculus.
12. CropConnects to the ProventriculusFunction:Store undigested foodMoisten and soften the ingested foodBirds can eat food, store it here, and digest it laterSpecies Differences:Migratory birds use the crop to store days worth of food so that when migrating they do NOT need to find food.
13. StomachBirds have 2 stomachsProventriculus:“Glandular stomach”Digestion begins hereProteins are digested hereSimilar to the human stomachVentriculus “Gizzard”Muscular stomachReduces the particle size of food
14. PancreasDigestive Function:Helps digest starches, sugars, and fatsEndocrine Function:Produces insulin
15. Liver and Gall BladderLiver Digestive FunctionProduce bile (MOST IMPORTANT)Bile is important because it breaks down ingested fats.Gall Bladder Digestive FunctionStores excess bile produced by the liver.Empties this bile into the small intestines whenever fats enter it.
16. Small IntestineCompletes the digestion and absorption processLong 4 feet3 segments make up the small intestineDuodenal LoopJejunumIleum
17. Small Intestine Cont.Duodenal Loop:Extends from the Ventriculus “Gizzard” to the JejunumPancreas, Liver and Gall Bladder branch off the Duodenal LoopEnzymes convert digested food into amino acid and glucoseJejunum:Connects from Duodenal Loop to IleumReceives bile from Liver or Gall Bladder to break down fatsIleum:Connects to Jejunum to the Large IntestineDigestion ends here and end products (amino acids and fats) are absorbed for use by the blood stream
18. Ceca2 pouches located where the Ileum joins with the large intestineDigests fiber hereLike the cattle rumenSalmonella levels are the highest hereNOT all poultry have salmonella inside them
19. Large IntestineConnected to the Ileum and ends at the CloacaCloaca: collects and mixes feces and urineShort in length compared to small intestine4 inchesDigestive function:Reabsorb water and salts from the undigested mass(feces)Pass the partially dehydrated digested mass to the cloaca
20. Large Intestine Length Vs. Small Intestine Length4 inches About the length of 1 IPhone4 feetAbout the length of 10.5 IPhonesVs.
21. Cloaca and VentCloaca:Connects to the end of the large intestine and ends at the ventCollects and Mixes feces and urineVent:Common exit point of feces and urine
22. Label the Digestive System3._______10._____11.__________4._________5. _________6. ___________7. ________8. __________9. _________12._______13._________14._____1. _________MouthCropProventriculusVentriculusPancreasDuodenal LoopJejunumIleumLiverGall BladderCecaCloacaVent2.___________Esophagus
23. 3 Required Nutrients in Poultry DietsCarbohydrates: Turn into SugarsVia enzymesFats:LipidsNOT water solubleProteins:Turn into Amino AcidsVia enzymes
24. 3 Required Nutrients in Poultry Diets1. Carbohydrates: (sugars)A Carbohydrate is a complex sugar moleculeBroken down in the pancreasCarbohydrates are turned into glucoseAbsorbed by the bloodstream and used for energyExamples of Carbohydrates: bread, pasta, or grains
25. 3 Required Nutrients in Poultry Diets2. Fats: (lipids)Are NOT water solubleBile produced, by the liver, specifically break down fatsFats are turned into fatty acids and glycerol which are absorbed and used as an energy source and energy reserveExamples: Peanut oil or butterPeanut OilButter
26. 3 Required Nutrients in Poultry Diets3. Proteins: (amino acids)Broken down in the proventriculusAbsorbed in the small intestineCan be used for energyBroken down into amino acids that are used to build and repair tissue (e.g., muscle tissue)Examples: Soybean meal or cottonseed mealSoybean MealCottonseed Meal
27. Reference Websiteshttp://www.cattlepages.com/facts/http://www.thepoultryconsultancy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=62http://www.geauga4h.org/poultry/poultry_feed.htmhttp://www.poultryhub.org/physiology/body-systems/digestive-system/