khalifa Synonyms Fasciolasis Fasciolosis Liver Flukes infestation Liver rot Defination It is an acute Fasciolosis or chronic Fasciolasis infectious disease of cattle buffaloes sheep and goats characterized by digestive and nutritional disturbances ID: 1047753
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1. Fasciolasis by: Dr/ Fatma khalifa
2. Synonyms Fasciolasis, Fasciolosis, Liver Flukes infestation, Liver rot
3. Defination It is an acute (Fasciolosis) or chronic (Fasciolasis) infectious disease of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats characterized by digestive and nutritional disturbances
4. Etiology The disease caused by two species of flat leaf parasite of genus Fasciola which belonged to Trematodes class and Fasciolidea family.
5. 1-Fasciola hepatica:Fasciola hepatica, is more common in temperate and cold areas such as Europe and recorded in Egypt due to importation of living animals from European countries.2-Fasciola gigantic :Fasciola gigantic,Is common in Africa especially in tropical areas and is enzootic in Egypt .
6. Transmission Infective stage : encysted metacercaria.Transmission : ingestion of encysted metacercariae with grass .
7. Host susceptibility 1-Cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and camels .2-Equines, carnivores and primates .3-Man ,infection via ingestion of watercress and uncleaned vegetables .4-Rabbit, swine are incidental hosts and are potential reservoir .
8. Intermediated host
9. Life cycle
10. Development fasciola parasite
11. Pathogensis 1-ingestion of encysted metacercariae.2-Ex-cyst in duodenum.3-Burrows through intestinal wall.4-Enters peritoneal cavity.5-Migration to liver which is the main site of infection causing sever damage to hepatic tissue and bile ducts .
12. Clinical signs Acute formIt is fatal form of the disease usually occurs due to ingestion of large numbers of metacercariae at one time . This form is common in sheep and is characterized by:1-Sudden death without previous illness.2-Fever,affected animal stands apart from the flock with dullness and lack of appetite.3-Palness and edema of the mucous membrane .4-The abdomen distended and painful to touch.5-Blood stained discharge may pass from nostrils and anus.
13. Chronic form 1-Loss of body weight and debility.2-Pale or ictric mucous membranes.3-Submandibular edema (bottle jaw).4-Diarrhea with offensive odor.5-Easily detached wool in sheep.
14. Diagnosis Diagnosis :1-Case history.2-Clinical signs and postmortem lesion.3-Laboratory diagnosis:Fecal sample for examination by direct smear, sedimentation technique, Mac -master technique .4-Serological diagnosis by ELISA.5-Differential diagnosis :Acute form should be differentiated from disease cause sudden death as Anthrax ,Pulpy kidney ,Struck and black disease .Chronic form should be differentiated from Intestinal Tuberculosis ,Internal parasitic infestation ,Johne's disease and Chronic salmonellosis .
15. Treatment 1-Ranide,Rafoxanide 7.5 mg/kg b.w orally .2-fasciolid 10 mg/kg b.w S/C .4-Ivomec super 1ml/50kg b.w S/C .5-Fasinex 10mg/kg b.w for sheep and 12mg/kg b.w for cattle orally6-Albendazole 5mg/kg b.w for sheep and 10 mg/kg b.w for cattle orally .7-Hapadex 4ml/kg b.w orally .
16. Prevention and control 1-Animal in infected areas should be regularly treated twice annually .2-Prevent animals from grazing in infested pasture .3-Infested pasture shouldn't used for making hay . 4-Eradication of intermediated host (snails) by using muluscicides such as ;copper sulfate 22.5 kg/Hectar ,5% solution .Sodium penta chlorphenate11.2 kg/Hectar in 4500 liter of water (spray) .5-Improvement of the irrigation and drainage system .