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Ferry Transit Capacity Ferry Transit Capacity

Ferry Transit Capacity - PowerPoint Presentation

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Ferry Transit Capacity - PPT Presentation

Presentation Overview Learning objectives Ferry facilities and service Vessels Ferry terminals Operations Capacity considerations Learning Objectives Gain an understanding of the wide variety of vessels service types and conditions which influence ferry service ID: 267444

capacity ferry service passenger ferry capacity passenger service vessel terminal berth time security vessels tcrp control transit access holding presentation factors dock

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Slide1

Ferry Transit CapacitySlide2

Presentation Overview

Learning objectives

Ferry facilities and service

Vessels

Ferry terminals

Operations

Capacity considerationsSlide3

Learning Objectives

Gain an understanding of the wide variety of vessels, service types, and conditions which influence ferry service

Unlike other transit services, ferry services tend to vary widely and have little in common with each other

Presentation of vessel access considerations and typical terminal configurations

Become familiar with factors affecting ferry capacity:

Berth capacity

Dock capacity

Vessel passenger capacitySlide4

Changes from the 2nd Edition

Re-organization of chapter for clarity

Updated content

Removal of material unnecessarily specific to certain systems

Generalization of other content to increase applicability

Discussion of maritime security (MARSEC)

Purpose is to promote a framework for understanding ferry operations and capacity instead of specific approaches for certain system types

New spreadsheet tool for helping evaluate ferry transit capacitySlide5

Ferry Facilities

and Service

Colman Dock, SeattleSlide6

Ferry Facilities and Service

Ferries provide a significant transit element in many cities:

New York

San Francisco

Seattle

Vancouver, BC

Boston

Also in smaller communities:

Nantucket – Martha’

s Vineyard

Victoria, BC

BostonSlide7

Many Systems Go Unnoticed

Washington has:

Eight publicly owned ferry operators with 16 routes

At least three privately operated systems

Several tourist systems (excursions)

Ferry on Puget Sound, WASlide8

Distinct Types of Ferry Service

Mixed auto–passenger

Passenger-only

Water taxies

Water taxi, BaltimoreSlide9

Route Types

Crossing bodies of water

Island service

Parallel to shoreline

Two

-

stop routes

Multi-stop routes

Ferry services crossing San Francisco BaySlide10

Factors Unique to Ferry Service

Tidal influence (ranges from minimal to 40 feet)

Water body and shoreline

Harbor congestion

Weather (fog, wind)

Vessels are usually one or few of a kind

Berthing requirements vary by

vessel class

Length, width, freeboard,

door locations

Island service requirements

Emergency, commercial,

reservations, other

Harbor ferries, CopenhagenSlide11

Factors Unique to Ferry Service (cont’d.)

Most trips are multimodal

System lack of spare vessels

Operation by non-traditional transit providers

Regulatory environment (US Coast Guard)

Certificates of Inspection – Capacity

Crew size (dispatch problems)

Security requirements

MARSEC Levels 1, 2, and 3Slide12

Ferry Vessels

Staten Island Ferry, New YorkSlide13

Factors Determining Vessel Type

Type of service

Auto–passenger, passenger-only, water taxi

Required speed

Conventional or high-speed

Environmental factors

Seas, reliability

Operational costs

Speed-dependentSlide14

Vessel Types

Monohull

Catamarans

Small

Waterplane

Area Twin Hull (SWATH)

Hydrofoils

Surface effect ships

Hovercraft

Catamaran, Sydney, AustraliaSlide15

Ferry Terminals

Ferry Building dock, San FranciscoSlide16

Factors Influencing Ferry Terminal Siting

Difficult shoreline issues – residential, downtown, industrial

Public access – views – aesthetics

Shoreline conditions

Water depth

Currents

Fetch & breakwaters

Marine traffic

Marine life

Ferry terminal, Sidney, British ColumbiaSlide17

Terminal Elements

Street access

Terminal building

Lobby (open queuing area)

Ticketing (fare sales)

Control (collection, passenger count, security)

Secure holding (security, pre-load)

Boarding control

SeaBus Terminal, North Vancouver, British ColumbiaSlide18

Terminal Elements (cont’d.)

Vessel access

Pier (deep water)

Berth (mooring)

Ramp (elevation)

Gangway (access)

Circular Quay, Sydney, AustraliaSlide19

Example Terminal Configuration

Terminal Building

Street Access

Boarding Control

Secure Holding

Lobby

Ticketing

Ticket Collection

Security

Passenger Count

Gangways

Berths

Ramp

PierSlide20

Issues with Multiple Routes at a Single Terminal

Passenger control and separation by route

Simultaneous vessel landings can occur

Embarkation and disembarkation conflicts

Terminal Building

Street Access

Boarding Control

Secure Holding

Lobby

Ticketing

Ticket Collection

Security

Passenger Count

Gangways

Berths

Ramp

PierSlide21

More Common Terminal Arrangement #1

Street Access

Terminal Building

Boarding Control

Secure Holding

Lobby

Ticketing

Ticket Collection

Security

Passenger Count

Gangways

Berths

Ramps

PiersSlide22

Street Access

Terminal Building

Boarding Control

Secure Holding

Lobby

Ticketing

Ticket Collection

Security

Passenger Count

Gangways

Ramp

Pier

More Common Terminal Arrangement #2Slide23

Operations

Active Pass, British ColumbiaSlide24

Routes and Crossing Capacity

Multi-stop routes:

Passengers may or may not disembark at a stop

Passenger count is difficult to maintain

First-in first-out pre-staging passengers is difficult

Crossing between two points:

All passengers disembark at each stop

Multi-stop ferry service, Brisbane, AustraliaSlide25

Capacity

Island ferry service, Fur, DenmarkSlide26

Berth Capacity

Berth capacity: Arrival service time

Vessel clearance time

Maneuver

Tie up

Gangway placement

Disembarking time

Passenger volume – bottleneck location

Passenger walking times (from vessel to holding area access)Slide27

Berth Capacity (cont

d.)

Berth capacity: Departure service time

Embarking time

Passenger volume – bottleneck location

Passenger walking times (from holding area to vessel)

Vessel clearance time

Gangway removal

Tie up

Maneuver

Total of departure service time, arrival service time, and an operating margin to account for delays gives the minimum service time per vessel

These times will be different for different vessels using a berth, and will vary by time of day with passenger volumes

These service times determine the maximum number of vessels that can be scheduled to use a berth during an hourSlide28

Notes on Berth Capacity (cont

d.)

Simultaneous disembarking and embarking

May not be viable due to security requirements

Difficult at best—no control in a hazardous area

Passenger load control is difficult

Automobile embarking and disembarking

Procedure included in TCQSM

Not addressed further in this presentation

Schedule float/operating margin

Additional time for consideration of uncertain or extreme conditionsSlide29

Dock and Route Capacity

Dock capacity

Sum of individual berth capacities

Number of vessels serving berth in an hour

Passenger capacity of vessel(s) serving berth (not all vessels using a given berth may be identical)

Vessel passenger capacities will vary by amount of crew provided

Route/crossing capacity

Vessel frequency

Vessel passenger capacity

Peak hour factor (PHF)

Accounts for fluctuations in demand during the analysis hour

Not all offered capacity will be able to be used, except under a reservation system, if pass-ups are not to occur

Capacity = (frequency) ×(weighted average vessel passenger capacity) ×(PHF)Slide30

More Information

TCRP Report 165: TCQSM—Chapter 9, Ferry Transit Capacity

Ferry capacity spreadsheet included on the CD-ROM

TCRP Report 152: Guidelines for Ferry Transportation Services

TCRP Synthesis 102: Integrating Passenger Ferry Service with Mass Transit

All of these documents are available as:

Free individual printed copies and PDF downloads through the TCRP Dissemination Program

http://www.tcrponline.org

Free PDF downloads directly

from TCRP

http://

www.trb.org/TCRP/Public/TCRP.aspx (Publications section)or simply do an Internet search for the report number (e.g., TCRP Report 165)

Individual or multiple copy purchases from the TRB Bookstorehttp://books.trbbookstore.org/ Slide31

Acknowledgments and Permissions

Presentation authors

Bill Carter and Ryan Avery (Parsons Brinkerhoff, Quade & Douglass)

Photo credits

Colman Dock: Bill Carter

All others: Paul Ryus

This presentation was developed through TCRP Project A-15C

Research team: Kittelson & Associates; Parsons Brinkerhoff,

Quade &

Douglass; KFH Group; Texas A&M Transportation Institute; and Arup

This presentation and its contents may be freely distributed and used, with appropriate credit to the presentation authors and photographers, and the Transit Cooperative Research Program