DecodingSpelling Vocabulary Dr Kathleen J Brown University of Utah Reading Clinic Sources Unlocking Literacy 2003 by Marcia K Henry Speech to Print 2000 by Louisa C Moats ID: 613346
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Slide1
From syllables to morphemes
Decoding/Spelling
Vocabulary!
Dr. Kathleen J. Brown: University of Utah Reading Clinic
Sources:
Unlocking Literacy
(2003) by Marcia K. Henry
Speech to Print
(2000) by Louisa C. MoatsSlide2
English = Complex--Thanks to Invasions!
Original Celts
Angles, Saxons & Jutes bring
German Augustine brings Latin Vikings bring DanishNormans bring French Rennaisance brings GreekSlide3
Who’s To Blame for Deep Orthography?
Anglo-Saxon base words include 4,500 Old English words that have survived.
- short, common words (e.g., hus, froend)Norman (French) invasion brought 8,000 new words (justice) & irregular spelling (e.g., niht night, queen cween)Slide4
So What’s the Big Deal?
English is
morphophonemic
.It preserves spelling (to preserve meaning)—even when phonemes change.sign -- signaturemel
o
dy – mel
o
dic – mel
o
dious
i
m
a
ge – im
a
gine
k
n
ow
- kn
ow
ledgeSlide5
English Words: Decode, Spell, & Understand!
Closed and open syllables account for 75% of English syllables.
12 Latin roots & 2 Greek forms provide clues to > 100,000 English wordsSlide6
Most Useful Latin & Greek Morphemes
- LATIN
fer
(to bear, to yield) - ten, tain, tin, tinu (to hold)sist, sta, stat, stit (to stand) - scrib, script (to write)
fac
, fact,
fect
,
fic
(to make, to do) -
plic
, ply (to fold)
tend, tens, tent (to stretch, strain) -
duc
, duce, duct (to lead)
spec,
spect
, spic (to see, watch, observe) -
mit
, miss (to send)
pond
, pose, pound (to put, place, set
)
cap,
ciet
,
ceive
,
cep
,
cept
,
cip
(to take, seize, catch, receive, hold)
GREEK
g
raph (written, drawn) - ology (study of)Slide7
English Words: Decode, Spell, & Understand!
T
o
decode, spell, and infer the meaning of BIG WORDS, kids need to know syllable patterns & morphemic patterns!Ergo, WE need know these patterns
&
become skilled at teaching them!Slide8
Syllable Patterns
syllable = vowel and its surrounding(s)
determine vowel sound unit of speech (larger than phoneme), not meaning6 types: closed, open, v-e, r-controlled, vowel team, consonant-leKnowing 6 syllable types = tool for finding boundaries & applying vowel sounds in polysyllabic words. dis – rup – tive Slide9
Morpheme Patterns
smallest units of
meaning
4 types: base, root, affix, compound word bases, roots & affixes can be bound (-ion, struct, re-) or free (hope
)
dis –
rupt
–
iveSlide10
What to Teach, When & to Who?
Once kids can handle basic 1-2 syllable words and easy suffixes (e.g., helps, helping, returns, returned),begin morphology.
Late 2
nd Grade and on!Slide11
What to Teach, When & to Who?
Curriculum
: Start with Anglo-Saxon base words. Teach compound words. Then, most frequent affixes. Then
, Latin roots with affixes. Then Greek.Instruction:I do. We do. You do.Kids need to talk it and write it at least 10 times accurately.Slide12
Compounds
2 base words together
Each must be able to stand on its own.
2 morphemes (can also add A-S affixes)grandfather, flashlight, shellfish, railroadpretty easy stuff….Slide13
Anglo-Saxon Bases +Affixes
Bases = free (can stand on own)
1 morpheme (sometimes 2)
class, like, change, turn, friend, transmitAffixes = bound (cannot stand on own)1 morpheme dis-, co-, re-, ex-, pre-, bi-, non-, transSlide14
Concept Syllable Points
swiftlySlide15
Concept Morpheme Points
swiftlySlide16
Concept Syllable Points
d
isinformationSlide17
Concept Morpheme Points
disinformationSlide18
1
st
Encountered Prefix for A-S Base Words
PrefixMeaninga-on, in; to A-S & Latin
a
like, around, awake, away
Notice that the base is inflected leaving the prefix to take a schwa sound. This is very common!
White, Sowell, &
Yanagihara
, 1989Slide19
Most Frequent Prefixes for A-S Base Words
Prefix
Meaning
in-to, toward; notun-not, undo
A-S or Latin
mis
-
bad, wrong
A-S or
Latin
dis-
not
(absence, apart)
These 4 account for 58% of prefixed words in G3-G9 text.
White, Sowell, &
Yanagihara
, 1989Slide20
Most Frequent Suffixes for A-S Base Words
Suffix
Meaning
-s, -es, - ed, -ingnumber, tense, part of speech
-
ly
, -
er
/or, -ion,-
ible
/able
same as above
1
st
row accounts for 65% of suffixed words in G3-G9 text. 2
nd
row adds 17%.
Do the math!
White, Sowell, &
Yanagihara
, 1989Slide21
Be A Mind Reader!
disinformation
misanthropic
circumstantial
assiduous
irreconcilable
diagnosticianSlide22
Reminders
Model, model, model both process & language until they get it.
Baby steps, then increase challenge!
Use consistent prompts (tell them location & action).Ask them to “pair share” after each step.