Human Anatomy and Physiology - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Spring Lab Practical

Study Slides

Know all anatomical structures

Figure 7.16a Diencephalon and brain stem structures.

Third ventricle

Anterior

commissure

Hypothalamus

Optic

chiasma

Pituitary gland

Mammillary body

Pons

Medulla oblongata

Spinal cord

(a)

Cerebral hemisphere

Corpus callosum

Choroid plexus of third

ventricle

Occipital lobe of

cerebral hemisphere

Thalamus

(encloses third ventricle)

Pineal gland

(part of epithalamus)

Corpora quadrigemina

Cerebral aqueduct

Cerebral peduncle

Fourth ventricle

Choroid plexus

Cerebellum

Midbrain

Figure

7.4a Structure of a typical motor neuron.

Mitochondrion

Nucleus

Dendrite

Cell body

Nissl

substance

Axon hillock

Neurofibrils

Axon

Collateral

branch

One Schwann cell

Node of Ranvier

Schwann cells,

forming the myelin

sheath on axon

Axon

terminal

(a)

Action

potentialarrives.

Figure 7.10 How neurons communicate at chemical synapses.

Axon oftransmittingneuron

1

Receiving

neuron

Dendrite

Axon terminal

Vesicles

Synaptic

cleft

Slide 2

Figure

11.3b Gross anatomy of the heart.

Left pulmonary artery

Superior vena cava

(b) Frontal section showing interior chambers and valves.

Aorta

Left atrium

Left pulmonary veins

Pulmonary semilunar

valve

Left

atrioventricular

valve (bicuspid valve)

Aortic semilunar valve

Left ventricle

Interventricular

septum

Myocardium

Visceral pericardium

(

epicardium

)

Right pulmonary

artery

Right atrium

Right pulmonary

veins

Fossa

ovalis

Right

atrioventricular

valve (tricuspid valve)

Right ventricle

Chordae

tendineae

Inferior vena cava

Figure 13.1 The major respiratory organs shown in relation to surrounding structures.

Nasal cavity

Nostril

Larynx

Trachea

Right main

(primary)

bronchus

Right lung

Diaphragm

Left main

(primary)

bronchus

Left lung

Oral cavity

Pharynx

Figure 13.5a Respiratory zone structures.

Alveolar duct

Respiratory

bronchioles

Terminal

bronchiole

(a)

Diagrammatic view of respiratory

bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

Alveoli

Alveolar duct

Alveolar

sac

Figure 14.1 The human digestive system: Alimentary canal and accessory organs.

Mouth (oral cavity)

Tongue

Esophagus

Parotid gland

Sublingual gland

Submandibular

gland

Salivary glands

Pharynx

Stomach

Pancreas

(Spleen)

Transverse colon

Descending colon

Ascending colon

Cecum

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

Appendix

Anal canal

Anus

Small

intestine

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Liver

Gallbladder

Large intestine

Figure 14.8 The large intestine.

Right colic

(hepatic) flexure

Transverse

colon

Haustrum

Ascending colon

Ileum (cut)

Ileocecal

valve

Cecum

Appendix

Rectum

Anal canal

External anal sphincter

Sigmoid

colon

Teniae

coli

Cut edge of

mesentery

Descending

colon

Transverse

mesocolon

Left colic

(splenic) flexure

Figure 14.4a Anatomy of the stomach.

Esophagus

Cardia

Fundus

Serosa

Body

Rugae

of mucosa

Greater

curvature

Pyloric

antrum

Pyloric

sphincter

(valve)

Duodenum

Pylorus

Lesser

curvature

Oblique layer

Circular layer

Longitudinal layer

Muscularis

externa

(a)

Figure

12.4 Structure of a lymph node.

Afferentlymphaticvessels

Afferent

lymphatic

vessels

Germinal

center in

follicle

Efferent

lymphatic

vessels

Cortex

Follicle

Medullary cord

Medullary sinus

Hilum

Trabecula

Subcapsular

sinus

Capsule

Figure

9.3 Location of the major endocrine organs of the body.

Pineal gland

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid glands

Thymus

Adrenal glands

Pancreas

Ovary (female)

Testis (male)

Figure

15.1a Organs of the urinary system.

Hepatic veins (cut)

Inferior vena cava

Adrenal gland

Aorta

Iliac crest

Rectum (cut)

Uterus (part

of female

reproductive

system)

(a)

Renal artery

Renal hilum

Renal vein

Kidney

Ureter

Urinary

bladder

Urethra

Figure

15.2b Internal anatomy of the kidney.

Renal column

Renal cortex

(b)

Minor calyx

Fibrous capsule

Renal

pyramid

Cortical radiate vein

Cortical radiate artery

Arcuate

vein

Arcuate

artery

Interlobar

vein

Interlobar

artery

Segmental arteries

Renal vein

Renal artery

Renal pelvis

Major calyx

Ureter

Figure

15.3b Structure of the nephron.

Peritubular

capillaries

Glomerular

capillaries

Glomerular

(Bowman’s)

capsule

Efferent arteriole

Afferent arteriole

Cells of the

juxtaglomerular

apparatus

Cortical radiate

artery

Arcuate

artery

Cortical radiate

vein

Arcuate

vein

Distal

convoluted

tubule

(DCT)

Proximal convoluted

tubule (PCT)

(b)

Collecting duct

Nephron loop

Figure

15.6 Basic structure of the female urinary bladder and urethra.

Ureter

Urinary

bladder

Trigone

Internal urethral

orifice

Internal urethral

sphincter

Urethra

Urogenital

diaphragm

Ureteral orifice

External urethral

sphincter