Objective To demonstrate how camouflage can help an organism to survive in its environment Bell work What is camouflage A method used by organisms to conceal by altering or obscuring their appearance ID: 591673
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Masters of Disguise
Objective:
To demonstrate how camouflage can help an organism to survive in its environment.Bell work:What is camouflage?A method used by organisms to conceal by altering or obscuring their appearanceHow does an animal use camouflage to survive in its environment?Blend in with its environment to hide from or confuse predatorsBlend in to catch prey off guard
© Getting Nerdy, LLCSlide2
Now you see me!
Traits are inherited and some traits make it easier for living things to survive and reproduce.
Camouflage is a trait that makes it very hard to see an animal in its natural habitat. Camouflage is an important part of their survival. It hides the animal from its predators while, at the same time, making the animal a sneaky predator itself. An animal that is best camouflaged in its environment has the best chance to survive, reproduce, and pass its color pattern on.
Now you don’t!
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Natural Selection In Action:
The Peppered Moth There are two phenotypes for a type of moth found in England:
black and white speckled
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Before the
Industrial Revolution
, the white “peppered moth” had the
largest
population because they matched the light colored bark on the trees. This meant that birds couldn’t spot them and eat them, so they
lived longer
.Slide4
When the Industrial Revolution happened, the factories poured out black smoke, covering the white trees with black soot. This caused the white moths to
stand out, and the birds ate them sooner than the black ones. The black moth population then grew rapidly because the birds were not naturally selecting them. If this progression were to continue for generations and generations, the gene for the white moths may be completely eliminated from the species. In other words, the birds would cause all of the white moths to go
extinct because of evolution.
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Concealing Coloration:
when an animal blends in with its background
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The light underside of many predatory animals like this ray allow them to blend in with the sun filled waters as they hunt for food below
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Disruptive coloration: when an organism’s color is broken up with a pattern like stripes or spots so it confuses or conceals when alone or in a group
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Stripes and spots give the illusion of light and shadow and often confuse prey and predator’s eyes alikeSlide12
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Mimicry
: when an animal copies or mimics the form of something else
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OWL BUTTERFLY MIMICRY: Eye spots on wings resemble owl eyes. When the butterfly spreads its wings, the eye spots may scare predators.
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Caterpillar-Snake Mimicry
: These caterpillars have special adaptations that create the illusion of snake eyes or markings so that when predators see them, they are often deterred from eating them because they think they are snakes.Slide16
VICEROY-MONARCH MIMICRY:
The Viceroy butterfly has a secret defense. It resembles the distasteful Monarch butterfly which deters animals from eating it, resulting in their survival…
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LEAF MIMICRY:
Many insects mimic leaves and other components of nature in order to camouflage themselves from predators and prey…Slide18
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FLY-HORNET MIMICRY:
We all know that hornets can leave a nasty sting. This fly (pictured upper left) is a mimic of the common yellow jacket hornet (pictured below). Because of this coincidental resemblance, most predators will leave the fly alone, mistaking it for the stinging kind…Slide19
Now you see me!
So, you think you can make it in the wild? Try your hand at creating
Camouflage that will help you survive in various environments with this interactive game …Now you don’t!© Getting Nerdy, LLCSlide20
Camouflaged Chameleons
Objective:
To explore and simulate camouflage in animalsHere’s what you’ll need to conduct this experiment: Chameleon pattern, colored pencils, markers or crayonsWhat You Do: Day 1
Think about the three types of camouflage we discussed and design a chameleon so that it can be camouflaged somewhere in the classroom.Make the chameleon as invisible as possible.
Cut out the chameleon. Tape the chameleon to it’s hiding spot.
Return to your seat.
© Getting Nerdy, LLCSlide21
Camouflaged Chameleons
Objective: To explore and simulate camouflage in animalsHere’s what you’ll need to conduct this experiment:
Your EYES, a pencil and a piece of paper to tally your kill!What You Do: Day 2You’re a predatory bird! You will have 10 minutes to quietly stalk your chameleon prey! Afterward, answer the following conclusion questions from your sheet.© Getting Nerdy, LLC
um… you see that tasty chameleon over there or is it just me?
…what chameleon? I don’t see anything but a white slide…
…la…la…la… hope nobody sees me…Slide22
What Happened? The Results and Conclusions:
How many chameleons did you see?
Which type of camouflage do you think was the best at hiding the chameleon? Why do you think this type of camouflage made it difficult to see the chameleons?Which type of camouflage do you think was least successful at hiding the chameleon? Why?© Getting Nerdy, LLC…nobody’s home…Slide23
So what does this all mean?...
Those chameleons that blended in have the traits that help them to survive. Those that didn’t blend in do not have those traits. Organisms that do not have the necessary traits to survive in the environment will not live as long as those that do have the traits. Therefore, they will not be able to reproduce as much as the organisms that live a long time. More organisms with the desired traits will live from generation to generation. This process is known as
natural selection. Remember that natural selection is what drives EVOLUTION! Let’s test it out in this fun Natural Selection Game!
© Getting Nerdy, LLCSlide24
Factors Affecting Natural Selection:
Overproduction:
the more offspring born, the more mouths to feed which equals fewer resources available to allVariation: if there is no variation within species, all individuals will have the same traits and an equal chance of surviving and reproducing Competition: different species compete or fight over resources which can affect the number of organisms that survive from generation to generationEnvironmental change: changes in the environment may favor certain characteristics over others – ex. Having thick fur during a particularly cold winter may favor an organism’s survivalRemember that natural selection does not grant organisms what they “need,” it only works with what they are “born” with…
This is the perfect tool for the job!
© Getting Nerdy, LLCSlide25
Remember that Natural Selection is what
DRIVES EVOLUTION
! Let’s see natural selection and evolution in action as we play “Who wants to live a million years?” Complete the activity on your worksheet as we go through this interactive evolution website.