Relationships between Effort-RewardImbalance, Over-Commitment, and Fat - PDF document

Relationships between Effort-RewardImbalance, Over-Commitment, and Fatiguein Japanese Information-Technology WorkersARITAISHIKITANI and Eiji YDepartment of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University Received Aug 10, 2005; Accepted Oct 12, 2005Correspondence to: J. Takaki, Department of Hygiene and PublicHealth, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2Ð11Ð1 Kaga,Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan (e-mail: jirosinryounaika- Jiro T et al.: Relations of ERI, Fatigue in IT Workersentered into the regression model10, 11). All variables were11). All the values were two-tailed. Allstatistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (Version12.0J, Tokyo).Ninety-four individuals participated in this study. Allparticipants were Japanese. The internal consistenciesof each scale were 0.54 for ERIQ extrinsic effort, 0.86for ERIQ reward, 0.78 for ERIQ over-commitment, and0.92 for POMS fatigue. Participant characteristics andable 1. ERIQ extrinsic effort, over-commitment, andeffort-reward ratio scores were positively associated with)The ERIQ)The interactioneffect of the ERIQ effort-reward ratio and over-change, 0.059; F to test change, 8.465;=0.005). The regression lines and predicted valuesthe non-standardized regression coefficients and aredepicted in Fig. 1. Values that were 1 SD above andlow scores for both the ERIQ effort-reward ratio and over-commitment. Increase of the POMS fatigue scoreaccompanying the increase of the ERIQ effort-rewardover-commitment scores than in those with low ones.fatigue, and increase of fatigue accompanying the increaseof ERI was greater in individuals with high over-commitment than in those with low over-commitment.These results agreed with SiegristÕs hypothesized modelthat describes the negative effect of ERI and its Table 1.Participant characteristics and partial correlations with fatigue (n=94) MeanSDMinimumMaximumAge (yr)28.24.02344 POMS* fatigue score8.76.1026 N% Male sex8388.3 MeanSDMinimumMaximumprMean overtime work hours per month112.512.396.5156.60.120.310 extrinsic effort score13.14.75410.310.002ERIQ reward score45.76.92555Ð0.47ERIQ reward subscale score of financial remuneration15.73.1620Ð0.44ERIQ reward subscale score of esteem21.33.6925Ð0.44ERIQ reward subscale score of career opportunities8.71.4410Ð0.140.226ERIQ effort-reward ratioÐ0.500.42Ð1.610.650.49 ERIQ over-commitment score14.13.37220.43 Interaction effects of effort-reward ratio and over- J Occup Health, Vol. 48, 2006exacerbation with over-commitmentstudies demonstrating the interaction effects of ERI andover-commitment. A study of 204 German femalenurses showed interaction effects on emotional exhaustion. A study of 11,175 Dutch employeesshowed interaction effects on emotional exhaustion and. Additionally, a study of 167effects on exhaustion, job dissatisfaction, psychosomatic. The authors. In our study, despite the relativelysample size, a significant interaction effect on fatiguewas detected. ERI and over-commitment seem to becompany.There are some limitations to our study. As the studyan IT company, the results may not be applicable to allJapanese workers. However, at present in most Japanesesufficient time for rest, continue to be on the rise.As this was a cross-sectional study, causal relationshipswere not determined. However, because over-commitment is defined as an intrinsic factor, likeworkplace, and lead to negative health outcomes. TheworkersÕ ERI and over-commitment, in order to reduceReferencessutsumi and N Kawakami: A review of empiricalstudies on the model of effort-reward imbalance atnew theory. Soc Sci Med 59, 2335Ð2359 (2004)J Siegrist: Adverse health effects of high effort-low 3)Siegrist J. A theory of occupational stress. In: DunhamLondon: Whurr Publishers, 2000: 63Ð66.sutsumi, T Ishitake, R Peter, J Siegrist and TMatoba: The Japanese version of the Effort-Rewardsutsumi, K Kayaba, M Nagami, A Miki, Y Kawano,Ohya, Y Odagiri and T Shimomitsu: The effort-reward imbalance model: experience in JapaneseH Pikhart, M Bobak, J Siegrist, A Pajak, S Rywik, JKyshegyi, A Gostautas, Z Skodova and M Marmot:McNair DM, Losr M, Droppleman LF. Profile of moodIndustrial Testing Service, 1971.K Yokoyama, S Araki, N Kawakami and T Takeshima:validity. Jpn J Public Health 37, 913Ð918 (1990)LJ Cronbach and WG Warrington: Time-limit tests:RM Baron and DA Kenny: The moderator-mediatorPers Soc Psychol 51, 1173Ð1182 (1986)Jaccard J, Turrisi R, Wan CK. Interaction Effects in12)AB Bakker, CH Killmer, J Siegrist and WB Schaufeli:Effort-reward imbalance and burnout among nurses. Jeffort-reward imbalance and employee well-being: alarge-scale cross-sectional study. Soc Sci Med 50,N van Vegchel, J de Jonge, T Meijer and JP Hamers:Different effort constructs and effort-reward imbalance:effects on employee well-being in ancillary health careworkers. J Adv Nurs 34, 128Ð136 (2001)N Bolger: Coping as a personality process: aprospective study. J Pers Soc Psychol 59, 525Ð537timeÕs the charm? J Pers 64, 993Ð1005 (1996)