Education The State of Education Series March 2013 A Global Report Tertiary Education Indicators This presentation includes data on Gross Enrollment Rates GER for preprimary and tertiary ID: 421332
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Tertiary" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
TertiaryEducation
The State of Education Series
March 2013
A Global ReportSlide2
Tertiary Education: IndicatorsThis presentation includes data on:Gross Enrollment Rates (GER) for pre-primary and tertiaryCorrelations between GDP per capita and enrollment rates for each educational levelIncome/Gender/Location Disparities
Expenditures on Tertiary EducationSlide3
Acronym GuideAcronym
NameEAP East Asia and PacificECA Europe
and Central AsiaLAC Latin American and the CaribbeanMNA Middle East and North AfricaSAS South AsiaSSA Sub-Saharan AfricaWLD World (
Global
Aggregate)
GER
Gross Enrollment Rate
GDP p.c.
Gross Domestic Product
per capita
GNI
Gross National Income
GAR
Gross Attendance Rate
GPI
Gender Parity Index (female value/male value)Slide4
Tertiary EnrollmentsSlide5
How many youth are enrolled?Tertiary – Gross Enrolment Rates (GER)Around 30% of tertiary age youth were enrolled in tertiary education 2010. This figure was a 10 percentage point improvement over 2000 (19%).
ECA has consistently had the highest tertiary GERs of any region. Over half (55.6%) of tertiary age youth were enrolled in 2010 which is a 17 percentage point increase over 2000. EAP has more than doubled its tertiary GER over time.SSA lags behind other regions with 6.8% of youth enrolled in 2010. Almost ¾ of tertiary age youth around the world are not enrolled in tertiary education.Slide6
Which countries have the lowest tertiary enrollment rates?These countries have less than 4% of tertiary age students enrolled in tertiary education.33 countries have less than 10 percent of tertiary age youth enrolled.50 countries have more than half of tertiary age youth enrolled.
8 countries have tertiary GERs higher than 80% and 4 countries have tertiary GERs higher than 90%: Finland, the United States, Cuba, and Korea, Rep.
10 Countries with the Lowest Tertiary Gross Enrollment Rates(2008-2011)1Turks and Caicos Islands0.082Malawi0.723Niger1.514Eritrea1.99
5
Tanzania
2.11
6
Chad
2.17
7
Central African Republic
2.57
8
Burundi
3.25
9
Afghanistan
3.33
10
Dominica
3.57
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, Nov. 2012
Notes: Figures are most recent year with data between 2008-2011. Purple = 2011; Black = 2010; Blue = 2009; Green = 2008.
Data were not available for 72 of 214 countries.Slide7
Which countries have improved tertiary enrolment rates the most?These countries have improved their tertiary gross enrolment rates by 27 to 70 percentage points between 1999-2001 and 2009-2011.7 countries more than doubled their tertiary GER – Cuba, Venezuela, Cyprus, Montenegro, Czech Rep., Romania, and Armenia.
All of the countries are in LAC or ECA.10 Countries with the Most Improvement in Tertiary Gross Enrollment Rates
Percentage Points Improved1999-2001 GER2009-
2011
GER
% Improved
1
Cuba
70.0
25.2
95.2
277.8
2
Venezuela, RB
49.8
28.3
78.1
175.6
3
Cyprus
33.0
21.6
54.6
152.8
4
Montenegro
31.1
16.6
47.6
187.9
5
Czech Republic
30.5
30.1
60.7
101.5
6
Romania
30.5
28.4
58.8
107.4
7
Uruguay
29.5
33.8
63.3
87.4
8
Ukraine
27.1
52.4
79.5
51.8
9
Belarus
27.0
55.9
83.0
48.3
10
Armenia
26.6
24.9
51.5
106.7
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, Nov. 2012;
Notes: Most recent data year available was used from 2008-2011.
Data were not available for 97 of 214 countries
. Slide8
Gross Enrollment Ratio. TertiarySource: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, Nov. 2012Note: Data displayed is for
the latest available year (2008-2011)The maps displayed were produced by EdStats. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of the World Bank Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The maps are for reference only. Slide9
Do countries with higher income per capita have higher tertiary enrollment rates?Most countries with gross national income (GNI) per capita less than $1000 have tertiary GERs less than 11%. Tajikistan (20%) and Kyrgyz Rep (49%) are the two exceptions. Countries with GNI pc more than $20,000 have tertiary GERs higher than 50% except for Qatar (10%), Luxembourg (10.5%), Brunei (17.2%), and Liechtenstein (36.0%).
Most countries with a GNI pc higher than $20,000 have tertiary GERs higher than 50%.Slide10
Which regions have reached gender parity in tertiary enrollments?In 2000, the world gender parity index (GPI) for tertiary enrollments was 1.0 – perfect gender parity. Since then, female GERs have been higher than male GERs, and the GPI has been moving above 1.0.
MNA is the only region within +/- 0.05 of gender parity in 2010. LAC and ECA have consistently had higher female GERs, and EAP has reversed from a male bias to a female bias.SAS and SSA have maintained a strong male bias in tertiary enrolments over time.
Gender disparities in tertiary enrolment rates vary greatly across regions.Slide11
Does gender parity exist in tertiary enrollments in most countries?Only 9
countries are within +/-0.05 of gender parity in tertiary enrollments.63% of countries have a female bias in tertiary enrolments vs. 37% with higher male enrolment rates. One country – Vietnam – has perfect gender parity (1.0).In 10 countries, the female GER more than doubles the male GER. These countries are island nations in LAC and Qatar (see next slide).
The majority of countries have higher female enrolment rates than male enrolment rates in tertiary education.Slide12
Which countries have the largest gender disparities in tertiary enrolments?
10 Countries with the Largest Male Bias in Tertiary Enrolments(2008-2011)
1Chad0.172Congo, Rep.0.213Afghanistan0.244Congo, Dem. Rep.0.315Central African Republic0.32
6
Eritrea
0.33
7
Guinea
0.33
8
Ethiopia
0.36
9
Benin
0.38
10
Niger
0.38
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, Oct. 2012; Notes: Maroon=2011; Black = 2010; Purple = 2009; Blue = 2008; Data were not available for 73 of 213 countries.
10 Countries with the Largest Female Bias in Tertiary Enrolments
(2008-2011)
1
Qatar
5.38
2
Dominica
3.35
3
Antigua and Barbuda
2.58
4
St. Lucia
2.57
5
Guyana
2.52
6
Barbados
2.38
7
Jamaica
2.28
8
Cayman Islands
2.24
9
Bermuda
2.12
10
St. Kitts and Nevis
2.10
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, Oct. 2012;
Notes: Black = 2010; Blue = 2008; Data were not available for 73 of 213 countries. Slide13
Do gender, income, or location disparities exist in post-secondary attendance ratios?Levels of gender disparity in post-secondary attendance are much lower than levels of location and income disparity. More girls than boys attend post-secondary schools in EAP, ECA, and LAC.
Rural areas have between 5 (SSA) and 15 (LAC) percent lower attendance ratios than urban areas.Income is the largest source of disparity across regions. Income disparities range from 8 percentage points in SSA to 34 in LAC.2
Income is the largest source of disparity in post-secondary gross attendance ratios in all regions.Slide14
Expenditures on Tertiary EducationSlide15
Which countries spend the least per student on tertiary education?On average, countries spend 91% of per capita GDP per tertiary student. The median spending is 30%. These countries spend between 3.5 and 12%.Three countries are in ECA and 3 are in EAP.Korea, Rep. has the 12
th lowest spending level, but has a 103% gross enrollment rate.Six of 9 countries have private enrollment shares higher than 50%.
10 Countries with the Lowest Share of p.c. GDP per Tertiary Student(2006-2012)Share of pc GDP (%) per studentTertiary Enrolment Rate (GER)Private
Enrollment Share (%)
1
Mongolia
3.5
57.2
38.7
2
Armenia
7.5
48.9
22.8
3
Lebanon
8.1
57.7
60.8
4
Liechtenstein
9.2
36.0
100.0
5
Peru
9.2
43.0
54.3
6
Philippines
9.6
28.2
65.9
7
Kazakhstan
10.2
43.2
50.6
8
Myanmar
10.8
14.8
9
El Salvador
11.6
23.4
66.6
10
Georgia
12.3
30.0
20.9
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, Feb. 2013
Notes: Figures are for the most recent year with data available: Black figures are for 2011; Blue are for 2010; Green for 2009; Maroon for 2008; Purple for 2007; Data were not available for 96 countries.Slide16
Which countries spend the most per student on tertiary education?All the listed countries are in Sub-Saharan Africa.These countries spend from 2 to 18 times GDP per capita on each tertiary student.Despite high spending, all the countries in the list have gross enrollment rates less than 8%. These countries are all within the bottom 20 countries in tertiary enrolment rates.
10 Countries with the Highest Share of p.c. GDP per Tertiary Student
(2006-2012)Share of pc GDP (%) per studentTertiary Enrolment Rate (GER)Private Enrollment Share (%)1
Malawi
1859.4
0.8
10.3
2
Lesotho
1331.1
3.5
3
Tanzania
868.2
2.1
4
Niger
564.6
1.5
25.0
5
Burundi
350.8
3.2
57.7
6
Swaziland
296.4
4.4
7
Botswana
256.3
7.4
100.0
8
Chad
247.9
2.3
28.2
9
Burkina Faso
243.1
3.9
22.0
10
Mauritania
193.5
4.4
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, Feb. 2013
Notes: Figures are for the most recent year with data available: Black figures are for 2011; Blue are for 2010; Green for 2009; Maroon for 2008; Purple for 2007; Beige for 2006; Data were not available for 96 countries.Slide17
Public Expenditure per Pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Tertiary (2006-2012)Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, 2013
Note: Data displayed is for the latest available yearThe maps displayed were produced by EdStats. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of the World Bank Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The maps are for reference only. Slide18
This presentation utilizes the following data sources:1) UNESCO Institute for Statistics data in the EdStats Query The presentation was created with the most recent UIS data release that included 2010 data for most indicators/countries. Indicators were calculated by UIS according to definitions available in the
EdStats Query. 2) Income/Gender/Location Disparity slides were based on data and analysis extracted from:Demographic and Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, and Living Standards Measurement Studies for 1985-2007; Reports were generated through ADePT Edu (2011).
Data SourcesSlide19
The State of Education SeriesThe following State of Education presentations are available on the EdStats website:
Educational Levels:
Pre-Primary EducationPrimary EducationSecondary EducationTertiary Education
Topics:
Access
Quality
Expenditures
Literacy
Equity
Gender