The Time of Herod Intertestamental Period Week Date Topic 1 01 Mar 17 Overview 2 08 Mar 17 Babylonian Period 605539 BC 3 15 Mar 17 Persian Period 539332 BC 4 22 Mar 17 Greek Period 332323 BC ID: 595230
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Slide1
The Intertestamental Period: From Babylon To The Birth Of Christ
The Time of HerodSlide2
Intertestamental PeriodWeek
Date
Topic
1
01 Mar 17
Overview
2
08 Mar 17
Babylonian Period (605-539 BC)
3
15 Mar 17
Persian Period (539-332 BC)
4
22 Mar 17
Greek Period (332-323 BC)
5
29 Mar 17
Ptolemaic (323-198 BC)
6
05 Apr 17
Seleucid (198-168 BC)
7
12 Apr 17
Maccabean Part 1 (168-153 BC)
8
19 Apr 17
Maccabean Part 2 (153-139 BC)
9
26 Apr 17
Independence (139-63 BC)
10
03 May 17
Rome Intervenes (63 – 37 BC)
11
10 May 17
Herod (37 BC – 4 BC)
12
17 May 17
The IT Period and Christianity (4 BC – 70 AD)
13
24 May 17
ReviewSlide3
Today’s Objectives
Review last week’s lesson
Four political groups
Julius Caesar, Antony and Octavius
Herod’s rise
Learn about the conflict between Octavian and Antony and its’ effect on Judea
Learn about Octavian as Caesar Augustus
Learn about the origins of the Herodian family
Learn about Herod’s rule
Efforts as king
Intervention with the birth of Christ
Death and division of the kingdomSlide4
Reference MaterialKJV (w/ Apocrypha)1st and 2nd MaccabbeesJosephus – The Complete Works
Herodotus – The HistoryIntertestamental History – Mark Moore
Ancient Rome –
Simon Baker
Harding University –
BNEW 112 Course Notes
– Dr. Thompson
Intertestamental Period
– John BattleSlide5
Where we left off….
Four main Jewish political groups: Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots
Pompey
intervenes in the Jewish Civil War and takes the land of the Jews
Rise and fall of Julius Caesar
Victory over Pompey
Political decrees which impact Judea
Caesar’s murder
Herod rises from governor of Galilee to a defeated leader living in Rome
Herod’s return to Judah
Antony and OctaviusSlide6Slide7
Antipater II, Phasael and HerodIn gratitude, Caesar appointed Antipater II as the administrator of Judea (47 BC)Under CassiusAdds territories to Judea taken from PompeyAntipater II appoints his two sons to posts
Phasael is made governor of JerusalemHerod is made governor of GalileeAfter Caesar is murdered (44 BC), Cassius seizes control of Judea
Antipater II is murdered (43 BC)
Phasael and Harod become joint rulers of Judea (42 BC)Slide8
Marc Antony and OctavianOctavian was Caesar’s nephewAntony and Octavian defeat Cassius and Brutus in the battle of Philippi (42 BC)Philippi becomes a Roman colony, making them Roman citizens (Acts 16:12)Phasael and Herod switch allegiance to Antony, who confirms their positionParthians invade Palestine40 BC
Capture and imprison Hyrcanus II and PhasaelHerod escapes, eventually to RomeSlide9
Octavian fights AntonySource of contentionAntony’s neglect for his wives including Octavian’s sisterAntony gave Cleopatra rule of conquered landOctavian had taken power and territory of Lepidus (part of the Triumvirate)
Herod the Great aligned with AntonyBattle of Actium occurs31 BC
Octavian defeat Antony (who later kills himself)
Octavian awarded the title of Augustus
Recognized as the transition of the
Roman Republic
into the
Roman EmpireSlide10
Battle of Actium Slide11
Caesar AugustusHerod promises his allegiance to AugustusAugustus adds to Herod’s domainNearly doubles in sizeAugustus reigns from 31 BC to 14 ADGrand nephew of Julius Caesar
Dies at the age of 76Outlives Herod the Great by 10 yearsUnder Augustus’ rule
Orders a census of the Roman empire (Mic 5:2)
Census caused the birth of Jesus Christ to be recorded in Bethlehem (Luke 2:1-7)
John the Baptist’s ministrySlide12
Herod FamilyOriginally Idumean, but claimed to be Jews (Ant 14.15.2)Decedents of Esau (Gen 25)By necessity, they align with RomeEstablished the High Priests and deposed without regard to the LawAntipater as the PatriarchSlide13
Israel and JudahAround 800 BCMultiple KingdomsKingdom of Israel and Judah are dividedEdom is to the south of JudahPetra is one of the major cities of EdomSlide14
Herod’s RiseIn Rome, Herod makes a favorable impression on Octavian and AntonySenate appoints him “king of the Jews” 40 BC (Josephus – 14.14.1-5, mainly 4)Added parts of Samaria and Idumea to his kingdomOnly “theoretical” at this time because it was controlled by the ParthiansHerod then sets out to retake his kingdom
Jerusalem falls in 37 BCGained favor with Cassius, Syrian ProconsulSlide15Slide16
Herod The GreatRuled from 37 BC to 4 ADPersonalityDescribes as cruel and viciousJealous man, sought to kill rivals to his throneHerod had Hyrcanus killed Construction projectsProvided Jews a measure of their wants
Peace and protectionLower taxes and greater public serviceFreedom from Gentile corruption of religionSlide17
Rebuilding of the TempleStarted in 19-20 BCRead John 2:12-22Was still being built during the time of JesusAccording to Josephus, it wasn’t completed until 65 ADEventually destroyed by the Romans in 70 ADRebuilt the temple at Samaria at the same time
Provided for pagan worship as well in various locationsSlide18
Herod’s TempleSlide19
Herod and ChristHerod hears early reports of the birth of the “king of the Jews” (Read Matt 2)Tries to have the infant Jesus killedJoseph, Mary, and Jesus escapeTo EgyptWhy Egypt?Large Jewish population at the time, rememberHerod becomes furious
Has all the infants in Bethlehem killedJoseph, Mary, and Jesus return after Herod dies, would have been around 4 BCSlide20
Herod’s DeathHerod grows more suspicious and cruelHad lost the confidence and favor of the RomansOrder a tax registration in 8 BCContracts a disease, possibly a cancerHerod orders key Jewish leaders to be jailedOrders their execution when he dies
Order not carried outHerod’s kingdom is dividedThree younger sons inherit the kingdomSlide21
Division of the Herod’s KingdomArchelaus 4 BC – 6 ADBecame ruler of the JewsTerritory included Judea, Idumea, and SamariaHerod Antipas
4 BC – 39 ADBecame a subordinate rule below the rank of a king, most often mentioned in the NT
Territory included Galilee and Perea
Philip the Tetrarch
4 BC – 34 AD
Northeast of Galillee, Iturea, TrachonitisSlide22
LG – Archelaus
P – Antipas
O – Phillip
GR – Salome
DG – Roman Province
Y – Autonomous cities
Division of Herod’s KingdomSlide23
Review
Reviewed last week’s lesson
Four political groups
Julius Caesar, Antony and Octavius
Herod’s rise
Learned about the conflict between Octavian and Antony and its’ effect on Judea
Learned about Octavian as Caesar Augustus
Learned about the origins of the Herodian family
Learned about Herod’s rule
Efforts as king
Intervention with the birth of Christ
Death and division of the kingdom