FEUDALISM The political economic and social system that predominated in Western Europe between the 9 th and 13 th centuries Mª Victoria Landa CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE DISINTEGRATION Mª Victoria Landa ID: 651654
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Slide1
UNIT 6 FEUDAL EUROPESlide2
Mª Victoria Landa
FEUDALISM
The political, economic and social system that predominated in Western Europe between the 9
th
and 13
th
centuries.Slide3
Mª Victoria Landa
CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE DISINTEGRATIONSlide4
Mª Victoria Landa
ORIGIN
CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE DISINTEGRATION
CARLOMAGNO
La situación de inestabilidad provocada
FOREING INVADERS
VIKINGS
MUSLIMS
MAGYARS
La situación de inestabilidad provocada
FOREING INVADERS
VIKINGS
MUSLIMS
MAGYARSSlide5
Vikings
Muslims
MagyarsSlide6
1. THE FEUDAL SYSTEMCarolingian Empire disintegration + invasions =
Crisis in Europe and weakness of monarchs.Feudalism appeared: It was a system in which a free person was dependent on another and became his vassal.
In the
act of homage
:The vassal swore loyalty to his lord.
The
lord
swore to protect his vassal.Slide7Slide8
2. DAILY LIFE IN THE FIEFIn Middle Ages, daily life was around the fief.
Fief: A rural estate composed of the castle, extensive areas of arable land, pastures and forests.The fief’s economy was
self-sufficient:
The inhabitants consumed what they produced, without the need to obtain products from outside the estate.Slide9Slide10
The estate was divided into two parts:
Demesne: Land directly exploited by the lord, but farmed by serfs. Tenements: Plots of land that the lord gave to free peasants in exchange for rent or a part of the harvest.Slide11Slide12
3. ECONOMYThe economy was
based on agriculture and livestock and was organised around the fiefs.
Trade almost disappeared
and communications were cut off because of the frequent wars.Slide13
Farming techniques
Roman wooden plough
Two-year crop rotationSlide14
4. SOCIETY
Feudal society was organised into estates of the realm.
There were two types of estates:
Privileged estates
: The nobility and the clergy. They were a minority and were subject to different laws from the rest of the population.
Nobles dedicated their time to fighting wars.
Clergy
dedicated their time to praying.
Non-privileged estates
: All the people who were not members of the nobility or clergy. Peasants (90% of total population), craftsmen, traders,...Slide15Slide16Slide17
5. RELIGION
During the Middle Ages, religion played a very important role in all aspects of life.
The crusades
: Military expeditions formed
by Christians
, whose objective was to recover the Holy Land, which was conquered by the Muslims.The pilgrimages: Trips to places considered to be holy by Christians.Slide18
Map of the Crusades
Way of Saint JamesSlide19
6. ROMANESQUE ART
Romanesque Art is the characteristic artistic style of Christian Europe, from the end of the
10
th
century
until the beginning of the 13th century.
This is the artistic
style of the feudal society
, so we find it in rural areas:
Castles
and
monasteries
.
The monastic orders and the pilgrim routes helped it to spread throughout Europe.
The main type of Art is Architecture.Slide20
Architecture
The predominant buildings: Religious buildings.
Material:
Stone
.
The churches usually had a basilica plan (Roman influence) or a latin
-cross plan
.
They used
different types of vault
, in order to prevent fires.
The most important ones are:
barrel vaults
and
groin vaults. Semicircular arches were used too.So, they need thick walls and reinforced on the outside with buttresses.The main support was the
pillar or pier. There were columns with sculpted capitals.Slide21Slide22
Sculpture
Sculptures tended to be adapted to the architectural frame.
Sculpture had a
didactic purpose
: To teach the
Christian beliefs, so the most common themes were religious ones (the Pantocrator surrounded by the Evangelists)
They also made
free-standing sculptures
: Christ on the cross or the Virgin with Child.
Figures were represented with
isocefalia
and
hierarchical perspective
.
Figures were rigid, static and inexpressive.Slide23Slide24
PaintingMural painting
in churches, done in fresco, was the most common.They also had a
didactic purpose
, with religious themes.
Colours
were plain and the scenes had no depth
.
Figures were
rigid
and
inexpressive
.Slide25