Nigerian Life Food varies greatly depending on region TVs VCRs and Radios are popular where electricity is available Celebrate some holidays including their independence day which is October 1st and workers day which is May 1st ID: 780667
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Slide1
Nigeria
By Alex Hardison
Slide2Nigerian Life
•
-Food varies greatly depending on region
•
-TV’s, VCR’s, and Radios are popular where electricity is available.
•
Celebrate some holidays, including their independence day, which is October 1st, and workers day, which is May 1st.
•
They also celebrate religious holidays.
Slide3Auto industry of Nigeria
•
-Nigerian auto industry is in decline.
•
-Only car manufactures left are
Puegeot
Automobile Nigeria and
Anambra
Motor Manufacturers Company Limited.
•
-Main reasons for decline is the lack of money of the Nigerians, a large amount can’t afford cars, coupled with the high cost of manufacturing is the reason for decline.
Slide4Food of Nigeria
•
Each region has its own set of foods.
•
-In Southern Nigeria, many soups are based on tomatoes, onions, red pepper, and Palm Oil.
•
-In Northern Nigeria, rice is the main food staple. Most of the people there don’t eat pork because most of them are Muslim.
•
A large amount of Nigerians eat fruits because they live in the tropics.
Slide5Bibliography
•
"
Nigeria.”
Encyclopedia
Britannica. 2009.
Encyclopædia
Britannica Online. 12 Nov. 2009
•
<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/414840/Nigeria>.
•
"Nigeria."
FodbyCountry
. 12 Apr. 2001. Web. 13 Nov. 2009. <
http://www.foodbycountry.com/Kazakhstan-to-South-Africa/Nigeria.html
>.
•
•
Slide6Igbo Culture
By Emily Bedell
Slide7DressWore eye paint called kohl; sign of beauty and kept away insects and glare
Wore grass skirts, leaves, skins, and cloth made of tree barkToday they are only worn in a couple places or on special occasions/traditionsBrass, stone, bone, or iron bracelets were worn to tell gender, success or religion
Slide8Living ConditionsHouses used to have mud walls and thatched roofs
Now, after the discovery of oil, the houses are made out of cement and have electricityVillages even have running waterTelevision and radio is now common
Slide9FoodThe yam is a staple in the Igbo cultureOther foods include cassava, rice, taro root, maize, and plantains
Meals mostly include a starch and a soup with vegetables and meat
Slide10Citations
“Body Adornment and Clothing”. Africa: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. John Middleton. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. p87-89."Igbo". Advamag Inc.. 11/11/09 <http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Mauritania-to-Nigeria/Igbo.html?Comments[do]=mod&Comments[id]=21>.
Slide11Chinua Achebe
Chinua Achebe
(http://kciotti.wikispaces.com/file/view/chinua-achebe.jpg/32520871)
Slide12Born November 16th, 1930Lived in Eastern NigeriaMember of the Igbo tribe
Attended universityat Umuahia and Ibadan,Nigeria
Chinua’s Background
Chinua Achebe
(http://www.carcanet.co.uk/data/op/2/2img01.jpg)
Slide13Not satisfied with the way Africans were portrayed in European works
“Things Fall Apart” gave him worldwide recognitionUsed themes of social commentary, tradition, and Christian influences in his work
His Literature
Chinua Achebe
http://danliterature.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/chinua_achebe1.jpg)
Slide14Regarded by many as one of Africa’s top novelists“Things Fall Apart” still considered one of the best novels ever writtenBrought awareness to Igbo traditions
Impact Today
Chinua Achebe
http://www.collegenews.org/Images/chinua2.jpg
Slide15Igbo PeopleDaphne Weidner
Slide16Igbo Background
Location: Southern Nigeria (second largest group living there)Language: IgboPopulation: 5.5 million
Various villages and subgroups, but same language is spoken
Two major theories about where the group came from:
1.) there was a land at the core called “nuclear
Igboland
”
2.)descended from immigrants from the north and west in the fourteenth/fifteenth century
1900-Britain took control of Nigeria
1960-Nigeria becomes independent
Slide17Religion
Believe in a supreme god- Chukwu Abiama
Usually does not interact with the humans
No sacrifices made directly to him; ultimately
recieves
sacrifices to minor gods
Minor gods
Do interact with humans and their emotions
Ala- earth goddess; fertility of humans and earth
Anyanwu
- sun god; growth of trees and crops
Igwe
- sky god; rain
Spirits
Spirits take up rivers and forests along the edge of cultivated lands
Mbataku
and
Agwo
- spirits of wealth
Aha
njoku
- yam spirit
Ikoro
- drum spirit
A feeling of friendship between humans and deities/spirits is present
Slide18Family
Practice polygamy men have more than one wifeMen want to marry as many women as possible to be successful
Families usually own farm plots to support wives and children
It is ideal for all of extended family to live in one massive compound together
Age and gender depend on respect
Males and elders are given high respect
Children are to greet elders first
Social status depends on wealth
Mbi
- poor
Dinkpa
- reasonably prosperous
Ogaranya
- rich
Slide19Bibliography
“Igbo” .Advamag Inc.. 11/11/09 <http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Mauritania-to-Nigeria/Igbo.html?
Slide20By
Zack Schiffer
Joseph Conrad:
Brilliant Author or Depressed Pessimist?
Slide21Nostromo
– About men whose love for material possessions evidently brings about their downfall
The Nigger of the “Narcissus”
- About the slow demise and eventual death of an African-American aboard a ship
Lord
Jim
– About a tragic accident aboard a sea vessel
Heart
of
Darkness
– In depth exploration of the darkness which broods in the human heart
All of his stories are tragedies, and many stories involve main characters going through tragic irreversible changes.
His Books
Slide22Critic Shirley Galloway said “….[the narrators in Conrad’s books] their stories are a lesson in what not to do when one is under stress”
He is a well known author who writes about the deep truths of humanity
During the time when Conrad wrote his first book, the critic Edward Garnett urged him to continue writing
Conrad did
Hedescribes a vision of humanity to future readers that is unique and powerful
His Critics
Slide23Conrad lived a sad life:
His father was exiled to northern Russia and died when Conrad was young
He became bankrupt and attempted suicide at age 19
He was shipwrecked near the East Indies and floated for 13.5 hours before reaching land
He lived a poor life full of illness
During a voyage to Africa, he was mentally scarred for life by what he experienced there
Yet he wrote many stories which are now world renowned
He, Himself, and Him
Who Was He?
Genius?
Or Psycho?
Slide24"Book Review on Joseph Conrad's 'Nostromo.'" Rev. of
Nostromo, by Joseph Conrad.
AcaDemon
. AcaDemon and Essay 411, 2009. Web. 11 Nov. 2009. <http://www.academon.com/Book-Review- Joseph-Conrad%27s- Nostromo/68981>.
"Lord Jim Study Guide."
BookRags and Gale's For Students Series
. Thompson Corporation, 2005-2006. Web. 11 Nov. 2009. <http://www.bookrags.com/ studyguide-lordjim/sum.html>.
"Joseph Conrad."
Encyclopædia Britannica
. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 11 Nov. 2009 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/133148/Joseph- Conrad>.
Bibliography
Slide25Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)
ByMatt Crain
Slide26Joseph Conrad Early Life
Born in Ukraine, but was known as an English novelistHis father (a writer/poet) was arrested when Conrad was four…his mother died when Conrad was eightConrad’s maternal uncle assumed role of father after deathsConrad became very interested in the seaAt age 17, he went to sea, first in the French merchant service
At age 23, he joined the British merchant navy
While in the navy, he went on many voyages including to the Far East
These voyages shaped him as a man and what he was to become: a writer
Slide27Mid-Life And Becoming A Writer
At age 32, Conrad began writing his first novel, named Almayer’s Folly He then, on a whim, decided to go to the Congo, in Africa, which was his dream as a child
The four months he was there changed him forever; it was a traumatic experience and his his physical health was damaged forever
Around after his 4 month journey there, he was done traveling the seas
He then settled down, married, and had two sons
Based on his journeys and struggles, Conrad became a full-time author
Slide28Later Life And His Novels
Conrad, after his adventure in the Congo, grew to have very poor health, which devastated him for the rest of his lifeHe also struggled financiallyUsing his adventures as a background, Conrad wrote many novels including Nostromo, The
Heart of Darkness ,
and
Lord Jim
These novels aimed at unhappiness, sorrow, , darkness, and tragedy
The mysteriousness and dramatic realism of his novels made him to be one of the greatest and unique novelist of the 20
th
century
Conrad died of a heart attack at age 67
Slide29Bibliography"Joseph Conrad." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 10 Nov. 2009
http://britannica.com/Ebchecked/topic/133148/Joseph-ConradMerriman, C.D. "Joseph Conrad." The Literature Network. Jalic
Inc., 2007. Web.
10 Nov. 2009
http:///www.online-literature.com/conrad/
Slide30Chinua Achebe
Born 1930Born in Ogidi, NigeriaNamed Albert Chinualumogu Achebe
Parents were Igbo people but also Evangelical Protestants
Wrote a lot about Western influences on Africans and Hard choices faced by Africans in modern life
Author of
Things Fall Apart
http://
www.geanco.org/news.html
Slide31Chinua Achebe
1944 attended Gov. College at UmuahiaContinued education to University College of Ibadan Other Nigerian writers to attend: Wole
Soyinka,
Elechi
Amadi
, John
Okigbo
and many more
Changed his name to Chinua (British name
indigenous name)
Achebe went into government service during Nigerian Civil war (1967-1970)
Slide32Chinua Achebe
War influenced Chinua’s writing: now focused on frustration and disappointment of NigeriaBecame a professor of English at the University of Nigeria until 1981Came to America and taught at various schools (University of Massachusetts, Bard CollegeParalyzed from the waist down in a car crash
Highly respected African writer
Slide33Bibliography
Liukkonen, Petri. "Chinua Achebe." Books and Writers. 2008. Web. 11 Nov 2009. <http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/achebe.htm>. Africa: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. John Middleton. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. p2.
Slide34Whitey
Sokoland
Meghan
Blose
The African Yam
Why is it Important?
Slide35The African Yam
Slide36Facts About Yams
Mostly, the "yams" America are accustom to are actually sweet potatoes
Yams grow in tropical areas
The yam plant yields both male and female flowers
There are more than a hundred different varieties of yams
Yams come in different colors; white, yellow, purple, pink
Very versatile in the kitchen - can be boiled, fried, baked, roasted, mashed into paste, made into a dough
Slide37Importance of Yams
With the changing conditions of African climate, farmers and hunters had to learn how to use the land to the best of their ability
Fertile land left after the recession of the wet season gave a chance to plant new crops
People started to appreciate the "wild tubers" that grew throughout the regions
The White Guinea yam was the most important of the yams that evolved the agricultural growth of Africa
Root farming was the newest way to grow food
plant "breeding" was used with these African farmers to yield the most crop possible
Slide38fertility?
Twins were sometimes thought to be caused by yams
Wild Yams
Birth Control
More African Twins
Experts uncertain
Slide39bibliography
"African Yams."
photobucket.com
.
N.p
.,
n.d
. Web. 11 Nov. 2009.
<http://media.photobucket.com/image/african%20yams/melodylu/
sweet_potato.gif
>.
"African Yams."
www.brittanica.com
.
N.p
.,
n.d
. Web. 11 Nov. 2009.
<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102127/central-Africa/40635/
The-agricultural-revolution >.
"African Yams fertility."
afp.google.com
.
N.p
.,
n.d
. Web. 11 Nov. 2009.
http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5i_IsZNBK7Hf1B4VhfWtFxg7G2svw
.
"African Yams more likely to create twins?"
www.fertilityties.com
.
N.p
.,
n.d
.
Web. 11 Nov. 2009. <http://
www.fertilityties.com
/post/show/
african
-yams-to-increase-chance-of-having-twins>.
Slide40T
he C
o
n
g
o
By: William and Rebecca
Slide41Geography
-West Africa
-The Congo is between Angola and Gabon
-Barley touches the South Atlantic Ocean
-Area is 341500 kilometers
-Similar to the size of Montana
Environment
-tropical
-rain season (March to June)
-dry season (June to October)
-high temperatures and humidity
-Natural
Recources
: petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, gold, magnesium, natural gas, hydropower
-Arable land is 1.45%
-Permanent cropland is 0.15%
-Other land use is 98.4%
Map of the Congo
Slide42Government
-Republic
-Capitol is Brazzaville
-Has it's own Constitution
Economy
-GDP per capita $3,900
-Agricultural
Pruducts
: cassava (tapioca), sugar, rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables, coffee, cocoa; forest products
-Industry: petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes
-Exports a great deal of
Petrolum
History
-Gained Independence in 1960
-Became democratic 1992
-Civil War in 1997 brought ethnic and
politcal
unrest
-Peace
sined
with rebels 2003
-Still refuges are created
-Once largest
Petrolum
producers, but is losing much of its petrol
Slide43Fun Facts
Languages: French (official), Lingala
and
Monokutuba
, local languages and
dialects(Kikongo
is most widespread)
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write, total population percent of 83.8%
70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or along the railroad in between them
-Official Name is the Republic of Congo
-Number of people with Aids 79,000
Population
-4,012,809 people
-Average Age of people 16.8
-Population Growth 2.754
-Birth Rate 41.37 births per 1000 people
-Death Rate 12.01 deaths per 1,000 population
-61% of total population live in a urban environment
-Infant mortality rate 79.78 deaths per 1,000 live births
-Average life span 54.15 years
Republic of Congo Flag
Slide44Bibliography
"Congo, democratic republic of the ." Map.
www.state.gov
. U.S. Government ,
n.d
.
Web. 11 Nov. 2009. <http://
www.State.Gov/p/af/ci/cg
/>.
"Congo, Republic of."
Info Please
. High Beam Research, 2005. Web. 11 Nov. 2009.
<http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107427.html>.
"Congo, Republic Of The ."
Central Intelligence Agency
. U.S. Government , 28
Oct. 2009. Web. 11 Nov. 2009. <https://
www.cia.gov
/library/publications/
the-world-
factbook/geos/cf.html#top
>.
"Democratic Republic Congo."
The Chevron Cars
. Chevron Product Company, 2009.
Web. 11 Nov. 2009. <http://
www.chevroncars.com
/learn/flags/
Democratic-Republic-Congo>.
Slide45THANKS FOR WATCHING!
Slide46Imperialism
The domination of a society by another against the will of its people
Formal
foreign state manages the day-to-day political, social, and economic affairs in another state (example: British rule over American colonies)
Informal
foreign state works through local intermediaries to manage another state (example: Britain negotiated favorable trades with native Indian monarchs instead of bearing the heavy costs of more direct imperial control)
Slide47Imperialism
During the late17th century,
Britian,Germany
, and France were main imperialist powers in Africa
the "scramble for Africa" was motivated by Europe's desire for the colonies' natural resources for their industrial
conplexes
the Europeans supported their actions with the argument that through natural selection the "stronger race" of Europeans would inevitably conquer the "weaker race" of Africans
Slide48Imperialism
"The Powers Celebrating
the Fall of
Pekin
," by R.B
Mayfield
Potrays
several powerful
nations
trampelling
over the
native Chinese in celebration
after putting down the Boxer
Rebellion in the country
Mayfield, R.B. "The Powers Celebrating the Fall of
Pekin
."
The Bookman,
August 1901.; "Performing His Duty."
Brooklyn Eagle,
January 1902.; "Alligator Bait."
Detroit Journal,
January 1909. Available online at
http://www.boondocksnet.com/gallery/us_000600.html
Suri
,
Jeremi
. "Imperialism."
Dictionary of American History
. Ed. Stanley I.
Kutler
. Vol. 4. 3rd ed. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 242-246.
Gale Virtual Reference Library
. Gale. STATE COLLEGE NORTH HIGH SCHOOL. 11 Nov. 2009
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/start.do?p=GVRL&u=state16801
.
"scramble for Africa." World
History:The
Modern Era.
ABC-CLIO, 2009. Web. 11 Nov. 2009.
http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com
Slide49European Imperialism in Africa
Christy Mihalenko
Period 7
Slide50Slide51The Second Comming
By Kent
Slide52Who wrote it? Why?Written by
William Butler Yeats in 1921Written at the end of WWI Describes the feeling of despair, hopelessness of the state of the world.
Slide53How does it relate to the book?The title of the book was chosen from a phrase in the poem
Yeats believed that the world was about to end and that it is about to fall into darkness
Slide54“Hardly
are those words out When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight: a waste of desert sand;
A
shape with lion body and the head of a man,
A
gaze blank and pitiless as the sun
,”
Talks
of a beast rising from the sands of a desert (probably Sahara)
Since the book talks about Africa, as an uncharted, uncivilized place, it fits.
Slide55CitationsBrians
, Paul. "Chinua Achebe: Things Fall Apart." Rev. of Things Fall Apart. Washington State University. Washington State University, n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2009. <http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~brians/anglophone/achebe.html>.
Slide56NigeriaBy: James
Hlywiak
Slide57DemographicsNigeria has the largest population in Africa.
The last census was in 1991, so population estimates range from 116 million to 127 million.Life expectancy is 51.6 years.The capital is Abuja and the largest city is Lagos.Nigeria is 923,768 square miles.
Slide58EconomyExports: Petroleum, cocoa, rubber.
The economy relies on its oil exports.The gross national income for the average person is 1,160 U.S. dollars.Economy declining due to growing population and demand for jobs and imports.Nigeria is one of the poorest countries in the world.
Slide59Short History
At about 700 AD, Yoruba kingdoms inhabit Nigeria.The Portuguese arrive at the Nigerian Coast in 1472.Millions of slaves are taken from Nigeria, starting in 1600 and ending about 1830.In the 1800s, an Islamic Nation takes over Nigeria.Nigeria becomes a British colony in 1914.
The British give independence to the Nigerians in 1960.
Since then, the control of Nigeria has been fought over through several Coup de tat.