Parasitology 2016 https doiorg101016jpt201604007 What are Zoonotic Diseases Zoonotic Diseases are caused by infections shared between animals and people Hantavirus is ID: 799103
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Slide1
Photo: NASA
Trends
in
Parasitology
, 2016
https
://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.007
Slide2What are Zoonotic Diseases?
Zoonotic Diseases
are
caused
by infections
shared
between
animals
and people
Hantavirus is
an
example of a zoonotic
disease.
Humans can be infected if they come in contact with feces from infected deer mice.
Photo credit: James
Gathany
, USCDCP
Illustration Credit: Zina
Deretsky, NSF
6 of every 10
known infectious diseases are thought to come from animals3 of every 4 new or emerging infectious diseases in humans are believed to be from animals
Humans are increasingly
exposed
,
however there is
limited
knowledge about where
zoonoses
will
emerge
How can we predict
where zoonotic
diseases will appear?
B
aseline data from previous zoonotic outbreaks allows prediction of where
known diseases
might occur in the future
Photo: NASA
Photo:
Cunningchrisw
For example, past outbreaks of
Nipah
virus, spread by fruit bats, were associated with intensified fruit production in Malaysia.
This can be used to predict environments where future
Nipah
outbreaks are likely.
Knowing where infections happen, what animals they come from, and environmental factors associated with disease risk can help with prediction
What about
novel zoonotic diseases?
Han
et al
. mapped the geographic ranges of all known zoonotic mammal hosts
to
predict where novel diseases might occur
Previously reported records for
zoonoses
from 5007 species from 27 different groups of mammals (i.e. orders) were compiled to map global geographic distributions.
Slide5Main result:
Not all mammal
species pose
the same risk!
Specific
groups of
mammals carry the most zoonotic diseases
–
regions where these animals overlap are
Hotspots
of
Zoonoses
Mole photo: Mick Talbot; Lion photo: Clement Bardot; Chimpanzee photo: Chi King
Slide6F
uture research directions . .
.
Fewer than expected
moles and shrews
are zoonotic disease hosts!
Some mammal
groups and
world regions
need to be better
studied
!!
Bats
in Southeast Asia have more zoonotic diseases than bats in Africa, but we don’t know why!
Slide7Why does this study matter?
https://
www.cdc.gov
/
onehealth
/basics/zoonotic-
diseases.html
This information can help predict where zoonotic diseases are likely to occur!
Animals represent a major source of infectious disease for humans.
This
study provides information on where zoonotic mammal hosts are located globally.
https://
www.cdc.gov
/
onehealth
/basics/zoonotic-
diseases.html