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Parasitology 2016 https doiorg101016jpt201604007 What are Zoonotic Diseases Zoonotic Diseases are caused by infections shared between animals and people Hantavirus is ID: 799103

diseases zoonotic animals photo zoonotic diseases photo animals predict mammal humans disease groups occur zoonoses bats infectious outbreaks https

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Photo: NASA

Trends

in

Parasitology

, 2016

https

://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.007

Slide2

What are Zoonotic Diseases?

Zoonotic Diseases

are

caused

by infections

shared

between

animals

and people

Hantavirus is

an

example of a zoonotic

disease.

Humans can be infected if they come in contact with feces from infected deer mice.

Photo credit: James

Gathany

, USCDCP

Illustration Credit: Zina

Deretsky, NSF

6 of every 10

known infectious diseases are thought to come from animals3 of every 4 new or emerging infectious diseases in humans are believed to be from animals

Humans are increasingly

exposed

,

however there is

limited

knowledge about where

zoonoses

will

emerge

Slide3

How can we predict

where zoonotic

diseases will appear?

B

aseline data from previous zoonotic outbreaks allows prediction of where

known diseases

might occur in the future

Photo: NASA

Photo:

Cunningchrisw

For example, past outbreaks of

Nipah

virus, spread by fruit bats, were associated with intensified fruit production in Malaysia.

This can be used to predict environments where future

Nipah

outbreaks are likely.

Knowing where infections happen, what animals they come from, and environmental factors associated with disease risk can help with prediction

Slide4

What about

novel zoonotic diseases?

Han

et al

. mapped the geographic ranges of all known zoonotic mammal hosts

to

predict where novel diseases might occur

Previously reported records for

zoonoses

from 5007 species from 27 different groups of mammals (i.e. orders) were compiled to map global geographic distributions.

Slide5

Main result:

Not all mammal

species pose

the same risk!

Specific

groups of

mammals carry the most zoonotic diseases

regions where these animals overlap are

Hotspots

of

Zoonoses

Mole photo: Mick Talbot; Lion photo: Clement Bardot; Chimpanzee photo: Chi King

Slide6

F

uture research directions . .

.

Fewer than expected

moles and shrews

are zoonotic disease hosts!

Some mammal

groups and

world regions

need to be better

studied

!!

Bats

in Southeast Asia have more zoonotic diseases than bats in Africa, but we don’t know why!

Slide7

Why does this study matter?

https://

www.cdc.gov

/

onehealth

/basics/zoonotic-

diseases.html

This information can help predict where zoonotic diseases are likely to occur!

Animals represent a major source of infectious disease for humans.

This

study provides information on where zoonotic mammal hosts are located globally.

https://

www.cdc.gov

/

onehealth

/basics/zoonotic-

diseases.html