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8.8 Partial Pressure (Dalton’s Law) 8.8 Partial Pressure (Dalton’s Law)

8.8 Partial Pressure (Dalton’s Law) - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2019-06-22

8.8 Partial Pressure (Dalton’s Law) - PPT Presentation

Our cells continuously use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide Both gases move in and out of the lungs through the membranes of the alveoli the tiny air sacs at the ends of the airways in the lungs ID: 759775

partial pressure pressures mmhg pressure partial mmhg pressures mole blood gases gas mixture atm oxygen total volume helium ptotal tissues scuba temperature

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Slide1

8.8 Partial Pressure (Dalton’s Law)

Our cells continuously use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide. Both gases move in and out of the lungs through the membranes of the alveoli, the tiny air sacs at the ends of the airways in the lungs.

Learning Goal

Use Dalton’s law of partial pressures to calculate the total pressure of a mixture of gases.

Slide2

Partial Pressure

The partial pressure of a gas is the pressure that each gas in a mixture would exert if it were by itself in the container.Core Chemistry Skill Calculating Partial Pressure

Slide3

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Dalton’s law of partial pressures indicates thatpressure depends on the total number of gas particles, not on the types of particles.the total pressure exerted by gases in a mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of those gases. PT = P1 + P2 + P3 + ....

Slide4

Total Pressure

For example, at STP, 1 mole of a pure gas in a volume of 22.4 L will exert the same pressure as 1 mole of a gas mixture in 22.4 L. Gas mixtures

1.0 mole N

2

0.4 mole O20.6 mole He1.0 mole

0.5 mole O20.3 mole He0.2 mole Ar1.0 mole

1.0 atm

1.0 atm

1.0 atm

Slide5

Total Pressure

The air we breathe is a mixture of different gases.contains mostly N2 and O2, and contains small amounts of other gases.What we call the atmospheric pressure is actually the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the air

Slide6

Guide to Solving for Partial Pressure

Slide7

Solving for Partial Pressure

A scuba tank contains O2 with a pressure of 0.450 atm and Heat 855 mmHg. What is the total pressure in mmHg in the tank (volume and temperature are constant)?STEP 1 Write the equation for the sum of the partial pressures. Ptotal = PO2 + PHeSTEP 2 Rearrange the equation to solve for the unknown pressure. Convert units to match. Ptotal = PO2 + PHe

 

Slide8

Solving for Partial Pressure

A scuba tank contains O2 with a pressure of 0.450 atm and Heat 855 mmHg. What is the total pressure in mmHg in the tank (volume and temperature are constant)?STEP 3 Substitute known pressures and calculate the unknown partial pressure. Ptotal = PO2 + PHe Ptotal = 342 mmHg + 855 mmHg = 1.20 x 103 mmHg

 

Slide9

Study Check

For a deep dive, a scuba diver uses a mixture

of helium and oxygen

with a pressure of 8.00 atm. If the oxygen has a

partial pressure

of 1280 mmHg, what is the partial pressure of the

helium

(volume

and temperature

are constant)?

A. 520 mmHg

B. 2040 mmHg

C. 4800 mmHg

Slide10

Solution

For a deep dive, a scuba diver uses a mixture of helium and

oxygen with a pressure of 8.00 atm. If the oxygen has a partial pressure of 1280 mmHg, what is the partial pressure of the helium (volume and temperature are constant)?STEP 1 Write the equation for the sum of the partial pressures. Ptotal = PO2 + PheSTEP 2 Rearrange the equation to solve for the unknown pressure. Convert units to match.

PHe = Ptotal − PO2

×

Slide11

Solution

For a deep dive, a scuba diver uses a mixture of helium and

oxygen with a pressure of 8.00 atm. If the oxygen has a

partial pressure of 1280 mmHg, what is the partial pressure of

the

helium (volume and temperature are constant)?

STEP 3

Substitute

known pressures and calculate

the unknown

partial pressure

.

P

He

= 6080 mmHg

1280 mmHg

=

4800 mmHg or 4.80

×

10

3

mmHg

The

answer is C, 4800 mm Hg.

Slide12

Chemistry Link to

Health: Blood Gases

In the lungs, O

2

enters the blood, while CO

2

from the blood is released.

In the tissues, O

2

enters the cells, which releases CO

2

into

the blood.

Slide13

Chemistry Link to Health: Blood Gases

In the body, O2 flows into the tissues because the partial pressure of O2 is higher in blood and lower in the tissues. CO2 flows out of the tissues because the partial pressure of CO2 is higher in the tissues and lower in blood.

Slide14

Chemistry Link to Health:Partial Pressures in Blood

Partial Pressures in Blood and Tissue

Slide15

Gas Exchange During Breathing

Slide16

Concept Map, Gas Laws